Aliyense amadziwa tsekwe. Kuyambira ali mwana, munthu aliyense amakhala ndi lingaliro la tsekwe, chifukwa cha nthano ndi nyimbo. Zokwanira kukumbukira kuti "atsekwe awiri osangalala amakhala ndi agogo aakazi". Koma munthu amene samalumikizidwa ndi ornithology mwina sangayankhe kuti sukhonos ndi ndani.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Sukhonos - membala wamkulu kwambiri pabanja la bakha. Maonekedwe a tsekwe lokhala ndi mphuno zowuma amafanana ndi tsekwe zapakhomo, koma palinso kusiyanasiyana: khosi lokongola kwambiri lokwera komanso mlomo wakuda wolemera, wokhala m'malire oyera. Mlomo, poyerekeza ndi Anseriformes ena, ndi wokulirapo kwambiri, atsekwe ambiri amafikira masentimita 10. Mlomo wa amuna umawoneka ngati watupa pang'ono.
Kulemera kwake kwa tsekwe zakutchire ndi 3-4.5 kg, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala 1 mita, mapiko ake ndi 1.5-1.8 m. Atsekwewo ndi otsika pang'ono kuposa amuna kukula kwake. Nthenga za mphuno zowuma ndizofanana ndi achibale ake otuwa, ndi mithunzi yaimvi ndi bulauni yomwe imakhalapo.
Zovala zapansi, zakumtunda ndi pamimba ndi zoyera; kumbuyo, mbali ndi mapiko ndi zotuwa zakuda ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala yopyapyala. Chifuwa ndi khosi ndizopanda pake, kuyambira pansi pa khosi mpaka pakamwa pali mzere wofiirira pamwamba, nthenga zomwe zili pansi pa mulomo ndizofanana.
Zazimuna ndi zazimuna za milomo youma ndizofanana, koma mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi achikulire - mbalame zazing'ono sizikhala ndi malire oyera mozungulira mlomo. Monga membala weniweni wa banja la bakha, woyamwa amakhala ndi miyendo yolimba, yolimba ndi miyendo yoluka.
Iwo amajambula mu utoto wanzeru lalanje. Mverani chisoni chithunzi cha mphuno zowuma sangatchule kunyada komwe tsekwe amayenda pansi kufunafuna chakudya. Komabe, chinthu chofunikira chokhala ndi chifuwa chopita patsogolo chimapezeka mu Anseriformes onse.
Nyongolotsi zouma zimapezeka ku South Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Korea, Japan, Laos, Thailand ndi Uzbekistan. Ku Russia, amakhala ku Transbaikalia ndi dera la Amur, ku Sakhalin, ndikuwuluka kupita ku China ndi Japan kukakhala nyengo yachisanu, komwe nyengo zawo ndizabwino.
Khazikikani mbalame zamphongo zowuma, monga mbalame zam'madzi zambiri, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi abwino, pomwe masamba amakhala ochepa. Amadya msipu wamphepete mwa nyanja, mu sedge, samakonda madzi. Zigwa, mapiri ndi taiga ndizoyenera kukhalamo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena nyanja. Sukhonos ndi osambira abwino komanso osiyanasiyana. Pozindikira kuti kuli ngozi, amadzipereka kotheratu m'madzi ndikusambira kumalo otetezeka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Chodabwitsa cha a Sukhonos ndikuti sawopa anthu. Mbalameyi ndi yofunitsitsa kudziwa zambiri ndipo imatha kuuluka moyandikana kwambiri ndi kuzungulira chinthu chomwe ingakusangalatseni, kaya ndi munthu kapena nyama yayikulu. Chidwi ndi kukhudzika zidasewera nthabwala yankhanza ndi owuma - adawaphedwa kuposa ma anserifomu ena onse, popeza sizovuta kuwasaka.
Pachithunzicho, tsekwe ndi wamphongo
Sukhonos ndi osambira abwino komanso osiyanasiyana. Munthawi yosungunuka, nyama zazing'ono sizimatha kuuluka, chifukwa chake zimayandikira pafupi ndi dziwe kapena pamadzi. Pozindikira kuwopsa, amizidwa pafupifupi onse m'madzi, kusiya gawo limodzi pamutu, ndikusambira kuti apite pogona. Mwina pamtunduwu woyamwa tsekwe ndipo ali ndi dzina lake lachi Russia. Mtundu wa Chingerezi ndi euphonic - swan goose.
Kupatula nyengo yobereketsa, zouma zouma zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi anthu 25 mpaka 40. Pofuna kusamuka, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu ambiri. Kusonkhanitsa nyengo yachisanu m'malo ofunda, mbalame zimapanga phokoso ndikudandaula, zikumatulutsa phokoso lalitali lalitali. Gululo limanyamuka kangapo, ndikupanga mabwalo angapo ndikukhalanso pansi. Pothawa, atsekwe amapanga mphero.
Ndi makonzedwe otere, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa mtsogoleri, mbalame zotsala zimauluka pamafunde kuchokera pamafunde kutsogolo kwa zomwe zikuuluka. Mphamvu za mtsogoleri zikatha, amamanganso kumapeto kwa gulu, ndipo mbalame ina imalowa m'malo mwake. Zikuoneka kuti mbalame sizimafola mwadzidzidzi mwangozi, kuyenda kulikonse kumatha kuzilola kuyenda mtunda wautali kuposa mbalame imodzi.
Chakudya
Zakudya za mphuno zowuma zimakhala ndi chimanga, algae, udzu (makamaka ma sedges), zipatso, komanso nyongolotsi, kafadala, ndi mbozi. Kuti azidya moyenera, atsekwe amafunika kufikira madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, okutidwa ndi udzu wochepa, komwe amadyetsa ngati ziweto.
Ana oyamwitsa amaweta mosavuta ndikumangidwa mu ukapolo, m'malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungira zinyama. Iwo ndiwo amene anakhala makolo a atsekwe Chinese zoweta. Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, nsomba zowuma zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi munthu zimawonjezeredwa pachakudya chachikulu ndi chakudya chamagulu, letesi, kabichi, ndi nyemba.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Sukhonos amasankha wokwatirana naye nthawi yoti achoke m'nyengo yozizira kapena atangofika kumene. Zisa zimamangidwa m'mabedi aatali a bango m'madambo oyandikana ndi madzi. Pazinthu izi, mkazi amakumba kukhumudwa pang'ono panthaka. Pomanga, udzu wouma, zimayambira za mbewu zamadzi, nthenga ndi pansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mkazi amaikira mazira kumayambiliro a Meyi, mu clutch nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira oyera 5-8 okhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi pafupifupi 14 g.nthawi yamatsenga, yomwe imatenga masiku 28-30, tsekwe wamayi samachoka pachisa, pomwe yamphongo imakhala pafupi ndi chisa nthawi zonse. Pakhala pali zochitika komwe njoka yamphongo ngati atakhala pachiwopsezo, adatsanzira kusakhoza kunyamuka, potero adachotsa mdaniyo pamalo pa chisa.
Pachithunzicho, ma sukhonos oseketsa
Mbadwo watsopanowo udzawomba pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri, ana angapo amasonkhana pagulu laling'ono, mtundu wa kindergarten, wokhala ndi mbalame zazikulu zingapo. Mphuno zouma zimatha kufikira zaka 2-3. Zoyembekezera zamtchire ndi zaka 10-15, mpaka 25 amakhala kumalo osungira nyama.
Alonda a Sukhonos
Malo, sukhonos amakhala kuti, chaka chilichonse pamakhala zochepa. Madera oyenera kukaikira mazira awo amalimidwa minda, kulanda mbalame nyumba zodula kwambiri - nyumba. Kupha nyama moperewera ndi chinthu china chothandiza kwambiri kutsika kwa atsekwe achilengedwe amenewa.
Sukhonos amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri ndipo amatchulidwa kuti ndi nyama yovuta ku International Red Data Book. Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, chiwerengero chonse cha atsekwe a sukhonos sichipitilira anthu zikwi khumi. Osapitirira 200 awiriawiri chisa mdziko lathu sukhonosov, mu Red Book Ku Russia, mtundu uwu umatchulidwa kuti uli pangozi.
Chifukwa kuteteza owuma Kubwerera ku 1977, malo osungira zachilengedwe adapangidwa pa Nyanja Udyl m'dera la Khabarovsk. Gawo lalikulu la malo okhala ndi mabowola owuma ku Russia, Mongolia ndi China amatetezedwa ndi Dauria International Nature Reserve.
