Daphnia amatanthauza kwa cladocerans, mtundu uwu wa zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono umakhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 150. Wodzilemekeza aliyense wamadzi amadziwa momwe amawonekera. daphnia crustaceanspopeza ndiwo chakudya chotchuka cha mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala Daphnia
Kutengera mtundu wa wokoma mtima daphnia, kukula kwawo kumatha kuyambira 0.2 mm mpaka 6 mm, chifukwa chake phunzirani kapangidwe ka daphnia zotheka kokha pansi pa microscope. Thupi la nkhandwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, limakutidwa ndi chishango chapadera cha ma valve awiri (carapace), omwe amateteza ziwalo zamkati.
Mutuwo umaphimbidwanso ndi chipolopolo cha chitinous ndipo umakhala ndi chotumphuka ngati mlomo (rastrum), momwe pamakhala tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timagwira ntchito yokongola.
Kukula kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono ndikosangalatsa kuposa koyambirira; ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikusuntha daphnia. Pachifukwa ichi daphnia wamba Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "utitiri wamadzi".
Pamutu pa crustacean pali diso lophatikizana - gawo lopanda ntchito lomwe limayang'anira masomphenya. Ma ocellus amphawi ali pansipa pamutu wazithunzi.
Daphnia pectoral miyendo, wokutidwa ndi ma bristles ambiri, amakhala ngati fyuluta yomwe crustacean imadutsa algae ndi mabakiteriya oyimitsidwa m'madzi. Miyendo imakwapula zikwapu 500 pamphindi.
Chithunzi cha Daphnia, Wotengedwa ndikukula kwambiri, zimapangitsa kuti ziwonekere mawonekedwe amkati mwa crustacean. Chifukwa cha chipolopolo chosinthika, mtima, matumbo amawoneka bwino, ndipo mwa akazi - thumba la ana lokhala ndi mazira angapo.
Daphnia yamtundu wina imatha kupezeka mumadzi amtundu uliwonse - kuchokera ku dziwe laling'ono kupita kunyanja yakuya. Pali oimira ena amtundu wa crustaceans ku Eurasia, South ndi North America, ngakhale ku Antarctica.
Chofunikira pakukhalitsa kwawo ndi madzi osasunthika, momwe mumakhala nthaka yocheperako. Polowa m'madzi, daphnia amasefa nthaka pamodzi ndi ndere ndipo pang'onopang'ono amatseka matumbo awo.
Mchenga wodyedwa umadziunjikira ndipo salola kuti crustacean isunthire bwino, imamwalira posachedwa. Daphnia imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyang'ana mtundu wamadzi m'madamu.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa Daphnia
Daphnia amakonda kukhala moyo wawo wonse m'mbali yamadzi, momwe amapserera mosalekeza madzi okhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Momwemonso, daphnia imapulumuka kuzizira kwachisanu, ngati sikubisala.
Chakudya
Algae wabuluu wobiriwira, yisiti ndi mabakiteriya ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha daphnia. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya algae yomwe imapezeka mu "malo osungira maluwa", pomwe, pakalibe nsomba zambiri, daphnia amakhala bwino ndipo amaberekanso makamaka.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kusangalatsa kosangalatsa daphnia - kalasi ma crustaceans amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ngati parthenogenesis. Uku ndiko kukhoza kubereka ana popanda umuna mwachindunji.
Momwe moyo wamtundu wa crustaceans umakhala wokwanira, akazi a Daphnia amaberekanso kudzera mu parthenogenesis, pomwe amabereka akazi okha.
Pafupifupi, munthu m'modzi amapatsa ana kuchuluka kwa nauplii 10, zomwe zimatha kubereka kale tsiku lachinayi atabadwa. Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, daphnia wamkazi amabereka ana mpaka 25.
Mavuto azachilengedwe akafika poipa, amuna amabadwa, ndipo mibadwo yotsatira ya nkhandwe idzabala mazira omwe amafunika manyowa. Daphnia maziraamapangidwa munthawi imeneyi, amakula timazira tating'onoting'ono, timakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera ndikupita ku hibernation.
Mwa mawonekedwe awa, mazira a Daphnia amatha kupulumuka chilala komanso chisanu choopsa. M'badwo wotsatira udzaberekanso akazi okhaokha omwe atha kukhala parthenogenesis.
Chinthu china chosangalatsa cha Daphnia ndi cyclomorphosis. Mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana za chaka, anthu amabadwira mu gulu limodzi, osiyana mawonekedwe.
Chifukwa chake, mibadwo yachilimwe ya daphnia imakhala ndi singano yayitali mchira ndi chipewa. Zina mwazikhulupiriro zambiri zakuthekera kwakusintha koteroko, chachikulu chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chitetezo kwa adani, chomwe chimagwira ntchito nthawi yotentha.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa Daphnia ndi kochepa ndipo, kutengera mitundu, kuyambira masabata atatu mpaka miyezi isanu. Mitundu yayikulu monga Daphnia Magna imakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa anzawo ang'onoang'ono.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa daphnia kumadaliranso kutentha kwa madzi - momwe zimakhalira, njira zamagetsi zamagetsi zimayendera, thupi limakula msanga, msinkhu mofulumira ndikufa.
Mtengo wa Daphnia ngati chakudya
Pamodzi ndi ena crustaceans, daphnia ndipo Gammarus amapangidwa pamalonda. Kuswana daphnia kunyumba sikubweretsa mavuto ambiri.
Ndikokwanira kutenga chidebe cha pulasitiki kapena magalasi, kulumikizana ndi aeration ndikupanga njira zabwino zoberekera algae wabuluu wobiriwira - kuwunikira bwino komanso kutentha kolimba.
Pachithunzicho, daphnia youma ya nsomba
Live daphnia, oundana ndi zouma, ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri kwaomwe akukhala m'nyanjayi. Daphnia youma ya nsomba imagwira ntchito ngati gwero labwino la mapuloteni, popeza zomwe zilipo zimaposa 50% ya chakudya chonse.
Gammarus, brine shrimp, daphnia - chakudya kuposa zotsika mtengo. Kotero, phukusi la gammarus kapena daphnia wouma 100 ml sadzapitirira 20-50 ruble, mazira - okwera mtengo pang'ono - ma ruble 80-100.
Zakudya zamoyo sizachilendo pamasitolo amakono azinyama, koma sizimasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali ndipo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakudya ndi anzawo achisanu.
