Zamtengo wapatali nsomba za m'nyanja halibut kwa asodzi ambiri ndi nyama yabwino. Nsombazi ndi za banja losokonekera. Nsombayi ndiyofunikanso chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala.
Ndi nsomba yokoma bwanji komanso yathanzi nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere kulingalira si kovuta. Nyama yake ilibe mafupa, ndipo mtengo wa fillet umalumikizidwa ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana, ma amino acid, michere yaying'ono ndi yayikulu komanso omega-3 fatty acids.
Omega-3 zidulo zimatha kuyimitsa kagayidwe kathupi ka munthu. Ma amino acid omwe amapezeka mu nyama ya halibut amateteza pakukula kwa maselo a khansa. Nyama ya nsombayi ilibe chakudya.
Zakudya zam'madzi zonse za nsombazi zimakupatsani mwayi wosunga masomphenya mpaka ukalamba, kudzaza kusowa kwa vitamini D ndi selenium. Nsomba ndi yokazinga, kusuta ndi mchere. Pogulitsa pali zakudya zamzitini mumafuta kapena mumadzi ake.
Nsombazi sizitaya kukoma kwake mwa mtundu uliwonse. Caviar imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya, amathira mchere ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati kufalikira kwa masangweji. Makampani opanga mankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a chiwindi ngati gwero la vitamini A. Halibut amatsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi kapena matenda am'mimba chifukwa cham'mafuta ambiri.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nsomba za Halibut yekha m'madzi. Amakonda kukhala ozama kwambiri ndi mchere wambiri, koma nthawi yotentha nthawi yayitali, akuluakulu nawonso amapita kumalo apakatikati.
Anthu amtunduwu amapezeka kumpoto kwa Pacific ndi nyanja ya Atlantic. Ena mwa iwo amakonda nyanja yakumpoto monga malo okhala: Beringovo, Barents, Okhotsk ndi Japan. Pansi, pomwe ma halibuts amawononga nthawi yawo, amakhala oyera nthawi zonse osakhazikika.
Kunja, ndikosavuta kudziwa kuti nsomba iyi ndi yani ya halibut. Kufotokozera kwa nsomba za halibut limapereka lingaliro lomveka la mawonekedwe ake. Nsombayi imakhala yopanda mawonekedwe, yopanda mawonekedwe, ndipo maso ake onse amakhala kumanja.
Pakamwa pake ndi potambalala ndipo ndadulidwa kwambiri pansi pa diso lakumanja. Pakamwa pamakhala mano olimba, owongoka. Mtunduwo umatha kuyambira kubiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wakuda. Nthawi zambiri, utoto umadalira mtundu wa nthaka ya malo omwe anthu amakhala. Nsombayi imakhala ndi utoto wokha kuchokera kumbuyo.
Komanso pakati pa kumbuyo kuli mzere wokhala ndi chopindika lakuthwa pafupi ndi mutu. Mimbayo ndi yoyera kapena imvi pang'ono. Mapeto omaliza azungulira concave. Kutalika kwa munthu ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi lake. Akuluakulu amakhala akulu. Oimira panyanja nthawi zambiri amakula mpaka mita imodzi ndipo samalemera makilogalamu oposa 4.
Kubisa halibut
Okhala m'nyanja nthawi zambiri amapitilira mita kutalika kwake, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kopitilira 100 kg. Pali zochitika m'mbiri pomwe anthu olemera makilogalamu opitilira 300 adagwidwa. Pali magulu anayi akuluakulu a mitundu iyi:
- Ma halibuts oyera ndi omwe amaimira mitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Pazifukwa zabwino komanso chakudya chopatsa thanzi, amatha kufika mamita 5 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 350.
- Arrowtooth halibuts ndi anthu ang'onoang'ono osalemera kuposa 3 kg ndi 70-75 sentimita kutalika.
- Ma halibuts akuda ndi ma halibut apakatikati, opitilira mita imodzi kutalika ndipo amalemera 50 kg.
- Zoyenda za Halibut ndizoyimira zazing'ono kwambiri, zonse sizimafikira kilogalamu imodzi yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 40-50 cm.
Kujambula nsomba Halibut mawonekedwe ake enieni, mawonekedwe a chigaza, akuwonekera bwino.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Halibut amakhalandi kusaka pansi. Kawirikawiri munthu wovulalayo amatha kuchoka pa nsombazi. Popuma, nsomba zingawoneke ngati zochedwa komanso zosakhazikika. Koma nyama ikangolowa m'munda wowonera nyama iyi, mtunda wake umagonjetsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Halibut pansi pamadzi
Nthawi yopuma, nsomba imagona pansi; ikasambira, imakutembenukira chammbali. Mtundu wa mbali imodzi, yomwe ili mbali yakutsogolo, uli ndi utoto wowoneka bwino, womwe mumdima umalola wobisalira kuti aphatikize ndi mtundu wapansi ndipo, kubisala, kudikirira nkhomaliro.
Ngakhale kuti mitundu ndi yodziwika bwino, nthumwi zina zimakonda kukhala pansi ndikukhala pansi modikirira, kudikirira nyama, ena amasambira m'madzi kufunafuna chakudya ndikusaka nsomba zothamanga.
Chakudya
Chilichonse mitundu ya halibuts zolusa zenizeni. Mano akuthwa amatheketsa kusaka nsomba zazikulu ndi mafupa olimba. Koma zokonda zamtundu ndizosiyana:
- mitundu yaying'ono ya nsomba (pollock, flounder, saumoni, hering'i);
- nkhanu, nkhanu, nkhono;
- nyamayi, nyamazi;
- plankton ndi mphutsi.
Zakudya zambiri zomanga thupi zimapangitsa nsomba iyi kukhala chakudya chamtengo wapatali kwa anthu. Gawo lalikulu la nsombazi ndi ku Greenland, Iceland ndi Norway. Russia ikugwiranso nsomba iyi.Halibut imagwidwa ndi zida zazitali komanso ma trawl apansi. Kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zagwidwa kumayendetsedwa mosamalitsa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa anthu.
Ndipo mitundu ina yalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo nsomba zawo ndizoletsedwa. Kwa okhala pakatikati pa Russia, mtengo wa nsomba zowundana za halibut ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 500 pa kilogalamu. Ngakhale mtengo wake ndiwokwera, nsomba za halibut ndizokoma, ndipo koposa zonse zimakhala zathanzi. Chifukwa chake muyenera kuziphatikiza pazakudya zanu nthawi zina.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kuti akwaniritse kukula koteroko, nsomba ziyenera kukhala zaka zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri, malinga ndi asayansi, zaka za anthu okhala m'malo abwino zitha kukhala zaka 30-35. M'magulu azaka zapitazi, pali zonena za anthu azaka 50 zakubadwa.
Koma chifukwa chakuti nsomba ndizofunikira posodza, kusaka mwachangu kwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wabanjali. Popeza nsomba zimakonda kumpoto chakumtunda ngati malo okhala, ndipo kutentha kwanthawi zonse kukhalapo kwake ndi 3-8 ℃, kubereka kwazimayi kumagwa m'miyezi yachisanu.
Mzimayi m'modzi amatha kumasula mazira kuyambira theka la miliyoni mpaka 4 miliyoni, omwe ambiri amafika pachangu m'milungu ingapo. Chiwerengerochi chimangonena za kubereka kwa akazi.
Amuna ndi akazi amakula msinkhu wosiyanasiyana, kwa amuna ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, kwa akazi 10-11. Pobzala, akazi amasankha maenje obisika pansi. Kumasulidwa nsomba za caviar halibut ali mopanda kulemera m'mbali yamadzi, ndikusunthira mchikakamizo chamakono.
Mphutsi zoswedwa zimamira pansi, pomwe mawonekedwe awo amasintha ndikusandulika oyimira mabanja awo. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe maso amasunthira mbali imodzi - iyi Mbali yaikulu ya nsombayi ndi halibut.
Nsomba zimapita pansi kwambiri patatha zaka 4. Pakadali pano, kulemera kwawo ndi kutalika kwawo kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Amawonedwa kuti akukula mwachangu. Kukula mpaka 20 cm mchaka choyamba cha moyo, kumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri munthuyo amaphatikiza kulemera ndi kutalika kwake.
