Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala nkhosa zamapiri
Nkhosa zamphiri zimatchedwa gulu la nyama zopangidwa ndi ziboda - mamembala am'banja la bovid, omwe amafanana, m'njira zina, nkhosa zoweta, ng'ombe zamphongo ndi mbuzi zam'mapiri.
Ndikotheka kusiyanitsa ndi nkhosa zamphiri zotsirizi makamaka ndi nyanga zokongola, zomwe zimakhala zozungulira, komanso chifukwa cholimba kwambiri, zolimba, miyendo yayifupi komanso kusowa kwa ndevu.
Nkhosa zamphiri zakutchire, poyerekeza ndi nkhosa zoweta, ndi yocheperako, ndipo nyanga zake ndizokwera. Nkhosa zamphongo zamtambo ndi zamphongo, zomwe zimakhala pakati pa nkhosa zamphongo wamba ndi mbuzi zam'mapiri, ndizofanana ndi nyama izi.
Nkhosa zamphongo zapakati zimakhala zazikulu mpaka pakati. Ndipo makamaka kukula kwake, mitundu yawo, yomwe asayansi pafupifupi 7, amasinthidwa ndipo amasiyana pakati pawo.
Woimira wocheperako pagululi ndi mouflon. Nyama izi ndi za 75 masentimita kutalika, mpaka kulemera kwa 25 mpaka 46 kg. Mtsogoleri pakati pa mitunduyo ndi argali - woimira wamkulu pagululi. Anthu okhala m'mapiri otere nthawi zina amalemera mpaka 100, amuna mpaka makilogalamu 220, mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi.
Monga mukuwonera chithunzi cha nkhosa yamapiri, kunyada kopanda malire ndi kukongoletsa kwa nyama zotere ndizo nyanga zawo, zopindika koyambirira kuti ziziyenda, zokhotakhota mozungulira ndikuwongolera mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Mwini wa nyanga zazikulu kwambiri komanso zolemera kwambiri (zolemera mpaka 35 kg) ndi Altai nkhosa zamapiri, ndiye woimira wamkulu wa nyama zotere (pafupifupi, anthu amalemera pafupifupi 180 kg).
Komabe, ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri, wokhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 700 okha. Poona izi, ku Russia anthu okhala m'mapiriwa adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Mtundu wa nyama, monga ulamuliro, umakhala woteteza, ndi imvi kapena zofiirira, koma gawo la miyendo, dera lakumbuyo ndi mimba, nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zoyera.
Komabe, pali zosiyana zokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, nkhosa zamphongo zopyapyala zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yolimba ya imvi kapena yoyera, ndipo mawonekedwe achimuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yofiirira yachikaso.
Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimatha kukhala pafupifupi madera onse amapiri ku Northern Hemisphere, zimayimiriridwa makamaka ku Asia, koma zimapezeka m'mapiri ambiri aku Europe, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa ndi America, amakonda kukhala m'malo otsika pang'ono, mosiyana ndi mbuzi zam'mapiri. Mmodzi mwa mitundu ya nyama izi: nkhosa zamphongo zamiyala zonenepa, imapezekanso m'zipululu zomwe zili pansi pa mapiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhosa zam'mapiri
Nthawi zambiri nkhosa zamtchire sizimasiya malo okhala, koma kutengera nthawi ya chaka, zimayenda pang'ono, nthawi yotentha zimakwera pamwamba pamapiri ataliatali ndikukhazikika pagulu la mitu ingapo.
Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, amatsikira kumapiri, ndikupanga masango akulu, mpaka mitu 1000. Amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala ndi ana awo nthawi zambiri amakhala pawokha ndikupanga gulu losiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti amuna akulu, olimba, olimba mtima amakhala okhaokha.
Polumikizana, nyamazi sizisonyeza kukondana. Pochenjeza obadwa mwangozi, nkhosa yamphiri yanzeru komanso yosamala imatha kupereka mawu. Kulira kwa nyama kumakhala kovuta komanso kochepa.
Zikakumana ndi mdani, zolengedwa zam'mapiri izi zimatha kuwonetsa malingaliro othandiza, kupeza njira yopulumukira ndikuthawa zoopsa munthawi yake. Amasuntha bwino pamalo okwera, koma amatha kudumpha mwala. Nkhosa zam'mapiri amatha kutenga kutalika kupitirira kutalika kwake, ndipo m'litali amalumpha mamita 3-5.
Mbalame zodya nyama monga ziwombankhanga ndi ziwombankhanga zagolidi, komanso nyama zikuluzikulu monga zikuku, akambuku a chipale chofewa ndi mimbulu, komanso m'malo ena amphaka, akambuku ndi akambuku, zitha kuwopseza nyama zam'mapiri izi.
Nkhosa yamphiri yamapiri siyovuta kugonjetsa, ambiri olusa amangoyesa kugwetsera nyama, ndikuwakakamiza kuti agwere kuphompho, kenako ndikupeza ovulala kapena kufa ndikudya.
Kuyambira kale, bambo yemwe amasaka nyama kuti zikwaniritse mafuta ndi nyama, ndikupanga zikho zokongola komanso zokumbutsa kuchokera ku nyanga ndi mitu yawo yokongola, amakhalanso owopsa kwa nkhosa zamapiri kuyambira kalekale.
Chifukwa cha izi, komanso kuweta kwa mitundu ina ya nkhosa komanso kufalikira kwa kuswana kwa ng'ombe, kuchuluka kwa nkhosa zam'mapiri nthawi zambiri kumawonongeka kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha nkhosa zam'mapiri ndi chitukuko cha anthu zakhala zikukumana kuyambira kalekale. Nyama izi, zomwe zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngwazi zamatchalitchi akale.
Ndipo nyanga za nkhosa yamphongoyi pakati pa anthu aku Asia zimawerengedwa kuti ndi matsenga. Ziweto zoweta zimazika mizu bwino ndikuberekana popanda mavuto, komanso zimasakanikirana ndi nkhosa, chifukwa chake amabwera.
Chakudya
Nkhosa zamphongo zakutchire ndizodyetsa, ndichifukwa chake zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri, makamaka yaudzu, yam'mapiri momwe mulinso, koma kuzakudya zina zonse, nyama zimakonda tirigu.
Komabe, ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kukhala okhutira ndi mitundu yambiri yazakudya. Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimasangalala kudya nthambi za mitengo, mwachitsanzo, thundu kapena mapulo, komanso zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Amapeza mchere wothira, mwadyera amanyambita mchere kuchokera kwa iwo, kukhutiritsa kusowa kwa thupi kwa mchere.
Nyama izi zimafunikiranso madzi oyera, koma nkhosa zamphongo zomwe zimakhala mchipululu nthawi zambiri zimasowa kwambiri pokwaniritsa zosowa izi. Thupi la nyama limakonzekera nyengo yozizira, limadzipezera mafuta.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nkhosa yamphongo yamphongo imatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta kuchokera kwa wamkazi ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kukula kwa thupi lawo kumakhalapo theka ndi theka, nthawi zina kumawirikiza kawiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyanga za akazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopindika pang'ono komanso zazifupi. Kutalika kwawo sikuposa masentimita 35, pomwe amuna nkhosa zamapiri, nyanga itha kukhala yayikulu mita.
Pachithunzicho, nkhosa yaying'ono yamapiri
Nyengo yokwatirana ya nyama imayamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, makamaka mu Novembala. Nthawi ino ikudziwika ndi ndewu zamwambo zomwe amuna amapikisana ndi akazi. Pankhaniyi, anthu awiri otsutsana, atayimirira wina ndi mnzake, amabalalika ndikugundana mitu.
Mafupa awo amphambuyo amatha kupirira mphamvu yayikuluyo. Ndipo posamalira osankhidwa awo, nkhosa zamphongo zimadzutsa malingaliro awo mwa kutulutsa malirime awo ndikupanga mayendedwe achilendo nawo.
Pambuyo pa kukwatira, zazikazi zimanyamula ana awo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi kapena awiri, pafupifupi masiku 160. Ana ankhosa nthawi zambiri amabadwa masika, ndipo panthawi yobereka, amayi amasiya ziweto zawo, amabwerera patangotha sabata limodzi ndi ana awo.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yodyetsa mkaka, pofika kugwa, ana ankhosa amatha kale kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo za chakudya ndi madzi oyera.
Mwanawankhosa ndi wokangalika komanso woyenda, amalumpha ndikusewera mokongola, koma ali pachiwopsezo ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro ndi chitetezo nthawi zonse. Kutalika kwa nkhosa zam'mapiri kumatengera mtundu wa nyama komanso momwe zilili, pafupifupi zaka 10-12.
