Pali nsomba zamitundumitundu zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ozungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Onse ndi osiyana kukula, utoto, mawonekedwe. Aliyense ali ndi machitidwe ake komanso zomwe amakonda. Pali mitundu yosavuta kwambiri yomwe ana amatha kuyisamalira, koma pali mitundu ina yosawerengeka yomwe ndimadzi am'madzi okha omwe amatha kukula. Lero tikambirana za nsomba yokongola komanso yotchuka - khungu la cichlazome.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala nsomba zapamadzi
Gulu ili la cichlids, lobadwira ku South America, ndilofanana ndendende m'ma discus. Nthawi zina amatchedwa amenewo - discus yabodza. Ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi maso akulu, milomo yocheperako kuposa ma cichlids ena. Imakula mpaka 20 cm m'nyanja yamchere.
Kunja Severum pachithunzichi imafanana kwenikweni ndi discus, yokhala ndi thupi lopanda mawonekedwe a disc ndi mitundu yowala, koma ili ndi bata. Amuna kuchokera kwa akazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi zipsepse zakuthwa ndi zipsepse, komanso kukula kwa utoto. Amuna amakhala ndi zotumphuka kwambiri komanso zokutira ma gill zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chigoba.
Pachithunzicho, nsombayo ndiyotayika
Mkazi ali ndi malo akuda kumapeto kwake. Kusiyanako sikowonekera kwambiri, ndi zaka, malire afufutidwa, nthawi zambiri ngakhale akatswiri atha kulakwitsa pozindikira za kugonana. Zikuwoneka kuti nthawi zina ngakhale nsomba sizimadziwa komwe ali, chifukwa zimachitika kuti gulu la akazi limapanga "banja" ndikupanga mazira, omwe, amakhalabe opanda chonde.
Dzinalo "heros severus" m'Chilatini limatanthauza ngwazi yakumpoto. Zimaganiziridwa kuti, ngakhale zili za anthu akumwera, mtundu uwu udagwidwa chakumpoto pang'ono, ndichifukwa chake dzinalo lidapita. Nsombayi idapezeka mmbuyo mu 1817, koma idalandira malongosoledwe ake mu 1840. Idapezeka koyamba ku Amazon, Negro, Colombia ndi mabeseni ena amadzi abwino ku Brazil ndi Guiana.
Mu chithunzi chosiyanitsa albino
Sefaum woyambayo, wamtchire anali nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, imvi wobiriwira ndimalo ofiira. Koma tsopano, kusiyanasiyana kwenikweni sikumapezeka m'madzi, m'malo mwake mudzawona mitundu yake yambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amazindikira mbuye wawo ndikumumvera chisoni. Mlendo, amene amalimba mtima kuponyera dzanja lake m'nyanjayi, amatha kukankhidwa kapena kulumidwa.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira nsomba za Severum
Monga ma cichlid ena onse, chifukwa nsomba zam'madzi Akufunika lalikulu Aquarium - kuchokera malita 150 pa banja. Zachidziwikire, azitha kukhala m'madzi ochepa, koma izi zimakhudza thanzi komanso thanzi.
Cichlids amafunika gawo lawo, makamaka panthawi yopanga awiri. Ngati gulu likukhala munyanja yayikulu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyiyika bwino kuti makolo amtsogolo mwa makolo awo azikhala ndi malo awoawo. Ngati palibe malo okwanira, nsomba zidzamenyana pakati pawo, chifukwa, ngakhale ali mwamtendere, kupsa mtima kwawo kwakukulu ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Kusiyanako sikusankha zina zonse, kutentha kwamadzi sikungakhale kwakukulu - 24-26C⁰ komanso kutsika pang'ono. Kuuma kwamadzi kulikonse ndikotheka, chifukwa chake njira yosavuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi osafewetsa mwanjira iliyonse, popeza madzi ambiri amafunika (1/5 kusintha sabata), ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kuchita zoyeserera zamankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake kapena kunyamula madzi kuchokera kwina.
Koma, omasuka kwambiri ndi nsombazi m'madzi ouma 4-10⁰ dh. Ponena za acidity, zofunikira zake ndi: 6-6.5 pH. Simufunikanso kuyatsa nyanja yamchere kwambiri, nsomba zidzakhala zowala bwino. Ngati pali kuthekera komanso fyuluta yoyenera, ndiye kuti zingakhale bwino kutsanzira kuyenda kwa aquarium.
Pachithunzicho, chidutswa chofiira
Monga tanenera kale, ma severums amafunikira ma nooks ndi ma crannies omwe amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa osiyanasiyana, algae okhala ndi masamba olimba komanso mizu yolimba, zokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana ndi miyala. Algae opyapyala komanso ofooka sagwira ntchito, popeza severum cichlazoma amakonda kuwakoka pansi, kuwang'amba.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika tchipisi cha granite, mchenga wamtsinje kapena miyala yaying'ono pansi. Monga ma cichlids ambiri, severum imakonda kudumphira m'madzi, chifukwa chake aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi chivindikiro.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi nsombazi ndikuti kukula kwawo ndi mawonekedwe amthupi zimadalira mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa aquarium. Liti okhutira mu aquarium yopapatiza, yayitali komanso yayitali kusokoneza idzakhala yosalala, yayitali. Ndipo mosungiramo kwakukulu, m'malo mwake, ikula kwambiri.
Za zakudya, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi kudyetsa sivuta - amadya nsomba iliyonse. Monga maziko, mutha kutenga zosakaniza zapadera, makamaka zomwe zimakhala ndi spirulina kapena gwero lina la fiber. Pazosankha zosiyanasiyana, mafunde owundana kapena amoyo, ma shrimp, zidutswa za nsomba, ma bloodworms, gammarus ndizoyenera.
Poganizira za zakudya zachilengedwe zam'magazi, makamaka zakudya zamasamba, mu aquarium ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi iwo. Zukini, nkhaka, letesi (pre-scalded) adzachita. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zoyenera komanso zosiyanasiyana.
Maganizo a Severum
Zosiyanasiyana za kusokonekera pali zambiri, tiyeni tiwadziwe otchuka kwambiri. Imodzi mwa nsomba zowala kwambiri komanso zokongola kwambiri zimatha kutchedwa madontho ofiira ofiira, amatchedwanso "ngale yofiira».
Severum nsomba zamabuluu emarodi
Amamuwona kuti ndi albino, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti nsombayo ilibe mtundu - m'malo mwake, mawanga ofiira ang'onoang'ono amabalalika pamiyala yoyera kapena yachikaso. Nthawi zina pamakhala zochuluka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zowala kwambiri kotero kuti zimawoneka ngati nsombazo zimakhala zofiira kwambiri. Mitunduyi imakonda kwambiri kutentha kwamadzi (24-27C⁰). Mtendere ndithu.
Mapewa Ofiira imawoneka yoyambirira kwambiri, kuphatikiza mtundu wake wobiriwira wabuluu, mikwingwirima yakuda komanso malo ofiira kapena lalanje kuseri kwa milomo. Ichi ndi chisokonezo chachikulu, chimakula mpaka masentimita 25. Madzi otentha otchedwa aquarium (ochokera ku 250 malita), amafunikira bwino.
Kuswana mu ukapolo ndizovuta kwambiri. Severum buluu emarodi - mmodzi mwa okondedwa kwambiri komanso otchuka. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa nsomba iyi ndi yokongola kwambiri yabuluu kapena yabuluu, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yowongoka.
Nsombazi zimakonda ukhondo, choncho kusefa bwino ndikofunikira. Chakudya chimasankhidwa m'magawo akuluakulu, osapatsa kamodzi patsiku. Pofuna kupewa matenda am'mimba ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kamodzi pamlungu konzekerani tsiku losala nsomba.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wa nsomba
Poyamba, kuti awiriwo apange, ndibwino kukulitsa nsomba pagulu la michira 6-8, ndiye kuti mwa iwo okha komanso kwa nthawi yayitali amasankha bwenzi. Monga ma cichlid ena onse, magawo amayamba kukonzekera kubereka m'mikhalidwe yabwino. Pazowonongera zopangira, izi zimasintha madzi pafupipafupi, kutentha ndi kufewa.
Nsomba zimatha kubalalika mu aquarium yomweyo momwe amakhala ndi oyandikana nawo, koma muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti makolo amtsogolo azikhala ankhanza. Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 1000 pamalo osalala, yamwamuna imathira mafutawo ndipo onse amawasamalira.
Pamene mphutsi zaswa, makolowo amawasamalira, amawadyetsa ndi chinsinsi cha khungu lawo, lomwe amalisungitsa mwanjira imeneyi. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudyetsa ana ndi daphnia, rotifer.
Izi zimatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka, kenako mwachangu amakhala mamembala athunthu komanso odziyimira pawokha, opitilira sentimita imodzi kukula. Pamsinkhu wa miyezi itatu, nsomba zimatha kudya pafupifupi chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu, kupatula tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, nsomba zimakhala zaka 15.
Kugwirizana kwa Severum ndi nsomba zina
Severums omwe amakhala mumadzi amodzi omwe ali ndi nsomba zophimba (golide, neon, tetras) adzawazindikira ngati zowonjezera pamndandanda waukulu. Malo oyandikana ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zoopsa azikhala owopsa.
Ndikothekanso kuyika nsomba zokhala ndi zida zankhondo komanso matumba a gill, barbus yayikulu, astronotus, plekostomus, mesonout, mizere yakuda komanso yofatsa mu aquarium imodzi yokhala ndi cichlids. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikusunga magulu angapo azisamba mu aquarium yosiyana. Gulani Severum itha kukhala yamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku 400 mpaka 3500 zikwi za ruble, kutengera zaka ndi zosiyanasiyana.
