Carp nsomba - chokoma cha mafumu achi China
Carp amadziwika bwino ndi okonda kusodza - ndi chikho chosiririka posaka pamadzi. Anthu okhala m'nyanjayi amayamikiridwanso ndi gourmets chifukwa cha thanzi lawo komanso kukoma kwawo. Za iye tikambirana.
Ngakhale zaka 2500 zapitazo ku China, kenako ku Japan, adaphunzira momwe amasamalirira nsomba zobala zipatsozi, sizachabe kuti kumasulira kwa dzinali kumatanthauza "chipatso". Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu akhala akusodza carp kuti adye nsomba zodabwitsa izi.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nsomba zamtsinje wa Carp ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, wokhala m'madziwe ndi m'mayiwe. Kholo lawo ndi carp wamtsinje. Koma mbewuyo idapambana kholo muzochitika zambiri: mphamvu, kupirira, kubereka. Carp wamadzi amadziwerengedwa kuti ndi nsomba zokongola pamiyeso yawo yayikulu komanso zipsepse zofiira.
Mtundu wakumbuyo wa carp wamba wonyezimira ndi wamdima wamdima, mimba ndiyopepuka kwambiri. Zipsepsezo ndi zotuwa. Ulimi wamakono wa nsomba umakupatsani mwayi wosinthitsa mtundu wa woimira wakale ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira zowoneka bwino.
Kapangidwe ka thupi kamasiyana m'mitundu: mawonekedwe omwe amabwereranso kumbuyo amakhala opezeka m'madzi am'madzi, ofanana ndi opachika, olimba komanso ofupikitsa. Matupi olumikizidwa komanso ozungulira ndi omwe amakhala mumtsinje. Ma carps onse amasiyanitsidwa ndi tinyanga tating'ono m'mbali mwa milomo yachikaso, yayifupi komanso yayikulu.
Kukula kwa abale onse ndi kochititsa chidwi: achinyamata azaka chimodzi ali pafupifupi 20 cm, ndipo akulu amatha kukula mpaka 1 mita ngakhale pang'ono. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa carp chimphona kunali kupitirira 37 kg. Unali mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Romania mu 1997. Makope omwe amapita kuma department azogulitsa amalemera pafupifupi 1 mpaka 8 kg.
Anthu achi China akale amaphunzira kuweta carp ndikuwapangitsa kukhala otchuka m'chigawo cha Asia. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono adagonjetsa Europe, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 19 adafika ku America. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu za nsombazi kunathandizira kuti anthu afalikire ponseponse.
Mitundu yayikulu ya carp imasiyana pamitundu ya sikelo komanso kupezeka kwa chivundikirocho. Kusankhidwa kwamasiku ano kwathandiza kuti pakhale mitundu yoposa 80 yokongoletsa. Chifukwa chake, m'banja lalikulu, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa:
— carp wagolide, ndi masikelo akuluakulu obiriwira obiriwira. Thupi ndi lalikulu, lalitali, lokhala ndi nsana wamtali, wokhala ndi "mafayilo" okhala ndi zipsepse;
Kujambula ndi carp wagolide
— galasi carp, kapena wachifumu. Amadziwika mosavuta ndi masikelo ake ocheperako omwe amakhala m'mbali mwa thupi ndipo nthawi zina amabalalika kuzilumba zazing'ono mthupi lonse. Pamzere wotsatira pali mabowo okhala ndi mitsempha, chifukwa chake nsombazi zimaphunzira zambiri zakukhalamo. Zipsepsezo zimawonongeka pang'ono kuposa ziphuphu, ndipo mitundu iyi imatha kulemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ina;
Pachithunzicho muli galasi lamkati
— carp wamaliseche (wachikopa), imapangidwa molakwika. Ili ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira;
Pachithunzicho wamaliseche (wachikopa) carp
— koi, ma carps okongoletsa. Adabadwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 14 ku Japan ndipo poyamba amasiyana mitundu yofiira, yakuda ndi yachikaso, pambuyo pake mitundu yachilendo ndi yachilendo idapezeka: carp yoyera, yamizeremizere, ndi mapangidwe kumbuyo ndi mitundu ina. Koi yobereketsa imawunikidwa osati kokha ndi malo ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga owala, komanso ndi mtundu wa khungu, kapangidwe ka thupi, mutu, ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Kujambula ndi koi carp yokongoletsera
Nsomba za banja la carp ndi a anthu odzichepetsa, omwe amatha kukhala bwino ngakhale m'madzi owonongeka. Amakonda madzi osasunthika, odekha kapena oyenda pang'ono, chifukwa chake amakhala mumitsinje yaying'ono, nyanja ndi mayiwe. Mphamvu imadziwika pamene chilengedwe chimasintha.
Amakonda kutentha, koma carp yamtengo wapatali imakololedwa ngakhale m'madzi ozizira a Siberia. Zinalembedwa kuti adakakamizidwa kukhala m'madzi amchere pambuyo poti dziwe laphwanya, lomwe limatseka kufikira kunyanja.
Kwenikweni carp amakhala pakati panjira ndi kumwera kwa Russia, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Australia, America. Malo okondedwa a nsomba m'madamu okhala ndi dothi lolimba, lokutidwa ndi thumba laling'ono lamatope. Zingwe zam'madzi, nkhalango ndi mabango ndi malo okhala carp ndi chakudya nthawi yomweyo mdera la 300 m.
Akadula mitengo, malo akasefukira, mapiri a nthambi zowola ndi zipika amapangidwa. Malo otere a carp amayenera kufufuzidwa kuti azikhalamo. Amakhala makamaka akuya mpaka mamitala 5. Pali zokonda zamagalasi, zomwe sizimira mwakuya, zimakhala m'madzi osaya ndikusowa madzi othamanga.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nsomba za Carp Ndi mtundu wochezeka. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amakhala pamodzi ambiri, ndipo akulu amatha kukhala padera, kukhala chete ndikukhala chete, koma pafupi ndi abale. Nyengo yozizira yomwe ikubwera yokha ndi yomwe imawalimbikitsa kuti agwirizane kuti apeze malo abwino ozizira. Amakhazikika kuti adikire nthawi yozizira mtulo tofa nato mpaka 10 m, m'maenje apansi.
Ngati palibe malo oyenera, ndiye kuti nsombayo imapita kumalo ozungulira kwambiri. Ntchofu zambiri zimawateteza. Kudzuka kumayamba ndikubwera kwa masika ndi kutentha kwamadzi pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Nthawi yanthawi yochitira zinthu ndikumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo.
Nsomba zanjala zimayamba kufunafuna chakudya ndikusiya misasa yozizira, ndikukwera mpaka kuzama kwanthawi zonse kwa mita 4-6. Nsomba za Carp zimangokhala, sizimayenda nthawi yayitali kapena kusuntha. Zinyama zam'nyanja zimakhazikika m'magulu azitsamba ndi zomera zina zowirira, pomwe zazikulu zimakhazikika mozama, zimatuluka m'misasa kuti zingopeza chakudya.
Malo otseguka opanda iwo si awo, chilengedwe cha carp ndi mdima wamdima. Samasuntha pagulu lothinana, koma motsatana, akusakaniza anthu azaka zosiyanasiyana, monga banja lenileni. Amakhala mwamtendere, popanda chiwawa. Chiwonetsero chowoneka bwino cha kupezeka kwa carp ndikulumpha kwake pamadzi.
Asodzi nthawi zambiri amawona izi zikuchitika m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo. Kulumpha kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, kwakuthwa, kosangalatsa mukamagwa pansi pamadzi. Zotsatira za kuthawa koteroko komanso funde lopangika pakugwa limakhala lowonekera bwino kotero kuti lingaliro la zomwe adawona limakhalabe kwanthawi yayitali.
Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha gulu lanyama lomwe likupita kukadyetsa, ndipo kudumphadumpha pafupipafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nyengo yoipa. Asodzi amadziwa kupezeka kwa mphamvu, kusamala ndi nzeru zina mu carp fish. Kusodza anthu okhala m'madzi otere ndi kosangalatsa komanso kosasamala, kumafuna kupirira komanso luso.
Chilengedwe chinapatsidwa carp yamadzi oyera kukumbukira nsomba za fungo ndi kukoma kwa chakudya. Ngati mwagwira nsomba ndi nyambo, ndiyeno nkuimasula, ndiye kuti siyibwerera kulumanso komweko, podziwa kuti ndiyowopsa bwanji.
Lingaliro labwino kwambiri la kununkhiza ndi mapulogalamu olandilidwa amagwira ntchito kuti ma carps amve fungo la mamitala angapo kutali, ndipo kuzindikira kwakulole kumakulolani kusefa chakudya, kukankhira tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chakudya kudzera m'mitsempha. Amamuwona ngati wopatsa chidwi, koma luso lake pakusankha limamupangitsa kukhala wopambana.
Chinthu china chofunikira cha carp ndikutha kuwona 360 ° ndikusiyanitsa mitundu. Amatha kuyenda mumdima, kutsatira zozungulira ponseponse, chifukwa amawona zonse kumchira wake. Ndi nsomba yosamalitsa komanso yamphamvu bwanji, anglers amadziwa bwino, popeza nkovuta kwambiri kuwedza mtundu wawukulu.
Chakudya
Zowona carp amadya chiyani Chilichonse komanso chochuluka, amadziwika kuti ndi wosusuka komanso wamisala. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo chakudya cha nyama monga nsomba zazing'ono, mazira, achule, nyongolotsi, nkhono, tizilombo, mitundu yonse ya mphutsi, molluscs.
Kudya nawo umunthu ndiwonso, samanyoza mwachangu. Kununkhira bwino kumakuthandizani kupeza nyama yanu. Chifukwa cha voracity yawo ndikukula msanga, ma carps amatchedwa nkhumba zamadzi.
Chakudya cha nyama chimakhala chakumayambiriro kwa masika ndi nthawi yophukira, ndipo nthawi yotentha, pomwe masamba obiriwira amapezeka, chakudya chamasamba chimakhala chachikulu: bango laling'ono, zimayambira ndi masamba azomera pansi pamadzi. Mumitengo ya bango mumatha kumva momwe akumenyera nsomba. Mphukira zimaluma pang'ono ndi mano apakhosi a carp, imatha kuphwanya zipolopolo zolimba za nkhanu ndi nkhono.
Nthawi ya nsomba ikafika, carp amadya ntchofu pa mapesi a zomera, pamapako othirira ziweto amadyetsedwa ndi manyowa. M'minda yama carp, chakudya chapadera chimakonzedwa kuti chiwonjezere msanga kulemera kwa nsombazo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ndi kusefukira kwamadzi, nsomba zimachoka m'malo awo ozizira ndikupita kumapiri amitsinje. Ntchito ya anthuwa imayamba pomwe madzi amatentha mpaka 10° C. Patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, nsomba imasonkhana pamalo obalirana pakati pa nkhalango zowirira zam'madzi.
Kujambula ndi carp wachichepere
Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 18 - 28° C, ndipo kuya kwake sikuposa mamita 2. Nthawi zina nsomba zimaswana pafupi ndi magombe, m'madzi osaya. Mazirawo amayikidwa pamasamba obzalidwa kapena pazinyalala. Kuswana kumachitika usiku.
Mayiwewa amachita phokoso mpaka m'mawa. Malo aliwonse oberekera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kupsa kwa Caviar kumatenga masiku 3-4. Kukula msinkhu kwa carp kumachitika zaka 3-5, kutengera kukula kwa nsomba, zomwe zafikira masentimita 29-35. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Sikuti mwachangu onse amapulumuka, sikuti onse amafikira kukhwima.
Koma carp yomwe yagonjetsa kukula kwake imakhala kwanthawi yayitali, ngati msodzi wodziwa bwino sakuwedza. Usodzi carp - ntchito ya zaka mazana ambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yokhala ndi moyo imakhala zaka 30. Koma zimphona zomwe zagwidwa ndizoposa zaka 100. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti izi ndizotheka komanso kuti uwu siudindo wazaka.
Momwe mungaphike carp
Carp ndi nsomba yokoma yolemera kwambiri. Akatswiri azaumoyo amalangiza kudya nyama pafupipafupi chifukwa chotsika kwambiri ma calorie komanso kuchuluka kwa mavitamini. Mwa nsomba zina mtengo wa carp kupezeka kwa wogula.
Ophika odziwa zambiri amalimbikitsa kuphika mbale kuchokera ku nsomba zamoyo zomwe mwagula. Carp ili ndi kununkhira kwapadera komwe kumatha kukulira ndikukhala kosasangalatsa posungira. Nthawi zambiri amakonzekera kukonza carp:
- wophikidwa mu uvuni. Pachifukwa ichi, nyamayo imathiridwa mchere ndikupaka zonunkhira. Kenako adayikidwa kuzizira kwa pickling. Patatha ola limodzi, yanizani zojambulazo, kudula nyama kumbuyo ndikuyika ma wedge a mandimu. Mkati mwa nyama, malowa adadzazidwa ndi anyezi odulidwa. Thirani kirimu wowawasa ndikuyika papepala mu uvuni. Mu theka la ola, nsomba zakonzeka.
- yokazinga mu poto. Zidutswa zodulidwa zimayikidwa mkaka wamchere kwa mphindi 10. Kenako amatulutsa, opaka zonunkhira ndikupukusa mu ufa. Nsombazo ndi zokazinga mu mafuta a mpendadzuwa ndikuwonjezera batala kuti mupeze kutumphuka kosangalatsa. Aliyense amene amadziwa kuphika nsomba za carp nthawi zonse amasangalatsa alendo ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chopatsa thanzi.
