Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa nyongolotsi wamba. Koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti padziko lapansi pali amphibiya omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi, asayansi adawatchulanso dzina lofanana - nyongolotsi (amatchedwanso cecilia).
Tikaganizira nyongolotsi ndi nyongolotsi pachithunzichi, ndiye palibe kusiyana kulikonse. Maonekedwe azinthu zonsezi ndi ofanana kwambiri, thupi limagawidwanso m'magawo. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Kukula kwa cecilia ndi wokulirapo kuposa kukula kwa nyongolotsi, nyongolotsi kufika 45 cm m'litali.
Ndipo mukakumana Nyongolotsi ya Thompson, yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa mita 1.2, ndiye kuti palibe amene angayisokoneze ndi nyongolotsi. Mwa njira, nyongolotsi ya Thompson kapena nyongolotsi yayikulu, amaonedwa kuti ndi amphibiya wamkulu wopanda miyendo padziko lapansi.
Pachithunzicho, nyongolotsi thompson
Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu pakati pa nyongolotsi ndi nyongolotsi ndi pakamwa lalikulu ndi mano akulu, akuthwa. Nyongolotsi zili ndi mizere iwiri ya mano kunsagwada. Mwambiri, chilengedwe chimagwira bwino ntchito pazolengedwa izi - cecilia ali ndi mafupa, omwe amaphatikizapo ma vertebrae a thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, nthiti, chigaza, koma sacrum palibe. Pansi pa khungu la oimira nyama izi, pali masikelo ang'onoang'ono ozungulira.
Ndipo khungu palokha limakutidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa ntchofu. Maso atsala pang'ono kuchepetsedwa. Nyongolotsi imalipira kufooka kwawo ndikumva kununkhiza komanso kukhudza. Nyongolotsi angatchedwe wochenjera amphibian mwa anthu amitundu - peculiarities wa kapangidwe ka ubongo zikutsimikizira kuti chitukuko cha nyama ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa congeners ake.
Koma amphibiya awa alibe miyendo. Zitha kuwoneka kuti cholengedwa ichi chimakhala ndi mutu ndi mchira, makamaka, mchira nyongolotsi satero, amangokhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso lopapatiza. Mtundu wa thupi ili ndilolemba. Anthu awa amatha kukhala amtundu wakuda-bulauni mpaka wakuda.
Koma palinso "ma mods" apadera omwe ali ndi khungu labuluu (mwachitsanzo, nyongolotsi ya buluu ya ku Cameroon Victoria Caecilian), komanso wachikasu kwambiri. Banja la amphibians ndi lalikulu kwambiri, mitundu yoposa 90 imadziwika. Ndipo onse adakhazikika ku Africa, Asia ndi South America, ndipo amapezeka ku Central America. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ku Australia, komwe nyama zosiyanasiyana zimamva bwino, kulibe nyongolotsi.
Pachithunzichi pali nyongolotsi yachikaso
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Njira ya moyo wa amphibian iyi ndichinsinsi. Thupi lake lonse limasinthidwa ndi izi - alibe maso, koma zofooka zochepa, palinso zovuta zakumva - munthu wosaukayo alibe khutu la khutu, ngakhale khutu limatseguka lokha, chifukwa chake kugontha.
Ndipo ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe chingatchulidwe, ngati chingagwire phokoso ili lomwe limakhala ndi ma 1500 hertz. Koma zikuwoneka kuti nyongolotsi yokha siyokwiya kwambiri. Ndipo makamaka - ayenera kumvera ndani mobisa? Sasowa kuti amvere ndikuchenjera ndi adani, ngakhale timadontho timadontho samadya, ntchofu zakupha zimabisala pakhungu lake.
Nyongolotsi ili ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri - imakumba njira mobisa, kufunafuna chakudya chokha. Koma chofukula kuchokera pachilengedwechi ndi katswiri wowongoka. Mutu wawung'ono umayatsa njira ngati yamphongo, ndipo thupi lowonda, lokutidwa ndi mamina, limapita patsogolo popanda zovuta.
Chithunzithunzi chokhala ndi nyongolotsi
Chakudya
Apa mudzakumbukira kufanana kwa nyongolotsi ndi nyongolotsi. Ngati wosaka nyongolotsi yemwe ali ndi malingaliro abwino akadatha kuganiziridwabe, ndiye kuti nyama yake, yomwe imangodikirira mpaka nyongolotsiyo ikafika kwa iyo ndikuyamba kuzengeleza ndi pakamwa pake yopanda mano, ndizosatheka kulingalira. Chifukwa chake, nyongolotsi zimadyetsa kokha zinyalala zazomera. Nyongolotsi ndi chinthu chosiyana kotheratu.
Zakudya za amphibiyoli sizabwino ndipo sizapafupi ndi mbewu, ndipo nyama iyi imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Pakadali pano, njoka zazing'ono zingapo, ma mollusk, nyongolotsi "anzawo", ndi zina nyongolotsi amakonda nyerere ndi chiswe. Ndiye kuti, chilichonse chaching'ono komanso chamoyo chomwe chimafikira pa dzino.
Mwa njira, kupita pa dzino sikungakhale kophweka ngati chilengedwe sichinapatse nyongolotsi poizoni, womwe uli m'matendawa. Poizoniyu amangopulumutsa amphibianyu ku adani ndi njala. Poizoniyu amalemetsa nyama zazing'ono, ndipo sangathe kudziteteza ku nyongolotsi yocheperako. Chomwe chatsalira ndikungogwira nyama ndi pakamwa, kuigwira ndi mano ndikumeza.
Pachithunzicho, nyongolotsi yamphongo
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kuberekana kwa amphibiya sanaphunzirebe kwathunthu ndi asayansi, koma ndizachidziwikire kuti nyongolotsi zimakwera mokwanira, zomwe zimatha pafupifupi maola atatu. Mwa anthu am'madzi mumakhala ma suckers apadera omwe amalola kuti "okonda" azikhala limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa m'madzi opanda oyamwa sizingatheke kuti mphutsi zizikhala pafupi kwa maora atatu.
Mwambiri, ana ndi vuto lalikulu kwa zolengedwa izi. Mwachitsanzo, nyongolotsi, zomwe zimapezeka ku Guatemala, zimanyamula mazira (ndipo alipo 15 mpaka 35) pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Koma ndiye anawo amabadwa otheka kwambiri, okhathamira komanso oyenda.
Ndipo zimachitika monga chonchi: mazira amakula m'mimba mwa mkazi, koma pakapezeka dzira mu dzira, mphutsi zimatuluka mndende, koma sizikufulumira kubadwa, zimakhala munthawi ya akazi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndipo ana amadyera mwachindunji amayi omwe, ndiye kuti, pamakoma a oviduct yake. Pachifukwa ichi, anawo ali nawo kale mano. Mwa njira, amayi awo amawapatsiranso mpweya. Nthawi ikafika, mphutsi zimachoka kale m'mimba mwa mayi monga anthu okhwima. Ndipo akafika zaka ziwiri, amakhala atabereka.
Mu chithunzi pali chisa cha mphutsi ndi ana
Ndipo mitundu ina ya mphutsi imadyetsa ana awo akhanda ndi khungu lawo. Ana amamatira kwa amayi awo ndikumupukuta khungu ndi mano, chomwe ndi chakudya chawo. Pachifukwa ichi, anamwino otere (mwachitsanzo, nyongolotsi ya Microcaecilia dermatophaga), pofika nthawi yomwe ana adzawonekere, amakhala ataphimbidwa ndi khungu lina, lomwe limapatsidwa mafuta ambiri.
Nyama yodabwitsa imeneyi siidasokonezedwe ndi chidwi cha asayansi. Mwina izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta za kafukufuku wake, koma mafunso ambiri okhudza nyongolotsi sakudziwika. Mwachitsanzo, padalibe chidziwitso chenicheni chokhudza kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe nyongolotsi zimakhala m'chilengedwe.
