Bittern - wosawoneka wokhala m'mphepete
Kukhoza kwa bittern kuti ikadzibise yokha kumalo okhalako kumapangidwira kotero kuti munthu sangadziwe za kukhalapo kwake mpaka amve mawu a mbalame, yotsika ndikulira, yofanana ndi kulira kwa ng'ombe.
M'masiku akale, ili linali dzina la wokhala mobisa m'nkhalango zamiyala - ng'ombe yamphongo kapena mowa.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Bittern ndi mbalame banja la zitsamba zokhala ndi utoto wobisika wamatope. Nthenga zokhala ndi dzimbiri lakuda lokhala ndi malire achikasu zimalola kuti zisungunuke mu zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja momwe zimakhalira.
Malo omwe mumawakonda kwambiri ndi mayiwe okhala ndi nkhalango za alder, zitsamba za msondodzi m'mbali mwa mitsinje, zogwirizira bango pamigodi yamatope yomwe yasiyidwa.
Madera okhala ndi madzi osunthika amasankhidwa kuti akhalemo, koma nthawi zina mbalame zimakhazikika pazilumba zazing'ono zamitsinje yaying'ono yopanda mphamvu. Chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zanyumba ndikutha kutengera chilengedwe cha chomera pakawopsezedwa.
Zofanana ndi kuwonjezera kwa msuzi wachitsamba, akuyenda mbalame amakula mpaka 80 cm wamtali ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi.
Pokhala ndi mtundu wobisala, phula limasakanikirana mosavuta ndi mitundu ya malo ake
Mbalameyi ili ndi mchira waufupi komanso wozungulira, mapiko ake otambalala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 120-130, mulomo wolimba wokhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono. Amawomba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti mpaka Januware.
Gawani pang'ono pang'ono, kapena kansalu kakang'ono ka nyerere, kamene kukula kwake ndi theka la kukula kwa phula lalikulu. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mini-bittern ndi nthenga zosiyanasiyana zazimayi ndi zazimuna. Mkaziyo ali ndi utoto, kupatula bulauni wokhala ndi zamawangamawanga. Wamphongo ndi wonona zonenepa ndi chipewa chakuda pamutu pake.
Bittern imagawidwa makamaka ku Eurasia, kuchokera ku Portugal kupita ku Chilumba cha Sakhalin, ndi ku Southeast Asia m'malo am'madambo, m'madzi okhala ndi nkhalango zamitengo yayitali komanso pafupipafupi. Madera awa omwe ali m'mbali mwa nyanja m'madzi osaya ali ndi chakudya chambiri ndipo ndizovuta kuti adani afikire.
Tsoka ilo, nthaka yachonde ya malowa ndi yokongola paulimi ndipo nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi anthu. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa nyama zakutchire kumatchulidwa kuti ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo zikuchepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo ake. Kukhazikika m'gawo logawa sikofanana.
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'dera la Nyanja ya Baikal, ku Belarusian Polesie, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe ikulowera ku Black Sea.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa bittern
Ku Russia, bittern yosamuka imawonekera nthawi yachisanu ndikubwera kwa nyengo yachisanu, kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi. Ndipo mbalame zimauluka ndikuyamba kwa Seputembala komanso chisanu chisanadze.
Maulendo apandege amapangidwa okha. Zisanu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo a Mediterranean, Caucasus, Southeast China, India. M'madera ena ku Europe, kuli mbalame zongokhala zomwe sizimasiya zisa zawo mpaka nthawi yotentha. Koma ngati madamu azizira m'nyengo yachisanu, amafa.
Bittern ndi mbalame yausiku. Amathera tsikulo osayenda, mutu wake utakulungidwa, wopunduka ndipo nthawi zambiri amayimirira ndi mwendo umodzi. Zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pakati pa nkhalango, kuwona kwa mbalame yoyimirira kumafanana ndi kulumikizana kwa zimayambira.
Ngati pachitika ngozi, mbalameyi imakoka khosi lake mwadzidzidzi ndikukweza mutu wake kuti usadziwike bwinobwino ndi bango.
Mbalameyi imagwedezeka pang'ono kuti igwirizane ndi zomera zina. Ndi kuwukira kwachindunji, chitetezo chodzitchinjiriza ndikubwezeretsanso chakudya chomeza kupita kwa mdani ndikuwuluka mozungulira.
Ntchitoyi imadziwonekera pofika madzulo ndipo imatha usiku wonse. Mbalameyi imangoyendayenda pakati pa zimayambira, ndipo nthawi zina imakwera chifukwa cha zala zake zazitali. Kuuluka kwa bittern nthawi zonse kumakhala kowongoka, kofupikitsa, nthawi zina kumapiko kwake.
Mbalame ya Bittern imalira amamveka makilomita 2-3. Amachitika makamaka nthawi yakunyamula. Phokoso limakhala losasangalatsa, pomwe mbalameyi idalandira mayina a onomatopoeic "bugay", "booze".
Mverani mawu akumwa
Liwu la pang'ono pang'ono (pamwamba)
Amafanana ndi phokoso la mphepo, lopangidwa mothandizidwa ndi chotupa chotupa, chomwe chimasinthanso.
Munkhani yotchuka ya K. Doyle yokhudza galu wa Baskervilles, kulira koopsa usiku komwe kumawopseza ngwazi zantchitoyo kudafotokozedwa ndendende ndi kulira kwa zowawa zam'madzi.
M'chilimwe, mbalamezi zimakhala ziwiriziwiri, kenako zimabereka ana, ndipo zimakonda kukhala zokha. Ngakhale ndege zazitali zazitali zimapangidwa zokha. Kudzikundikira kwa mbalame kumangogwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zabwino zosiya kapena masiku.
Imwani chakudya
Zakudya za bittern zimaphatikizapo nsomba zazing'ono ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi: nyama zamtanda za crucian, nsomba, tench, pike yaying'ono, eels, achule, tadpoles.
Mbalameyi sichinyoza nyongolotsi ndi nyama zazing'ono monga makoswe amadzi. Nthawi zina Bittern amalanda mazira ndikutulutsa anapiye a mbalame zam'madzi kuchokera ku zisa.
Pezani chakudya ndi mphezi zitatha kuyang'anitsitsa nyama. Pakusaka, sataya chidwi chake kuti asadzipwetekenso.
Nthawi yovuta kumwa imabwera ndikubwera nyengo yozizira. Ngati kutumphuka kwa madzi oundana kumachitika m'madzi osaya, ndiye kuti nthawi ya njala imayamba chifukwa cholephera kusaka.
Kuthawira kumwera kokha ndi kumene kungakhale chipulumutso. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chanyama, palinso zotsalira zazing'ono zazakudya.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yodzala ndi mbalame imalimbikitsa mbalame kuiwala za kuopsa kwake ndikutaya tcheru. Amakhala achichepere makamaka ndikukangalika, kuwonetsa kupezeka kwawo.
Kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi, akazi "amakopeka" achimuna. Pofunafuna awiri, amangoyendayenda kudera la wina, chifukwa chake, pali ndewu zowopsa pakati pa omenyera. Zisa zimamangidwa mwachisawawa, koma molondola: pamulu wa mabango osweka kapena pakati pa mabampu omwe amatetezedwa ndi nkhalango zowirira.
Udzu, bango kapena zomera zina zobwera ndi madzi zimatha kukhala zomangira. Chisa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo chaka ndi chaka, pang'onopang'ono kukula kukula kuchokera 0,5 mpaka 1 mita diagonally, 30-40 cm kutalika.
Amalimbikitsidwa ndi mbalame chaka chilichonse kuchokera kumwamba, chifukwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono imamira m'madzi kuchokera ku anapiye akukula am'badwo wakale. Magulu awiriwa nthawi yovundikira amasungidwa padera, osapanga magulu wamba.
Ndi makamaka wamkazi amene amaikira mazira 4-8. Mazira amawoneka mosiyanasiyana masiku 2-3, ndi azitona kapena zofiirira. Nthawi zina mkazi amalowedwa m'malo ndi wamwamuna, nthawi zambiri amamudyetsa nthawi imeneyi. Nthawi yokwanira nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 26.
Ngati pangakhale chiwopsezo, chachikazi chimasiya chisa ndi mazira kapena anapiye aswana. Amamveka ngati madzi akung'ung'udza, kapena kulira.
Mpaka milungu itatu kapena itatu, anapiye obadwa kumene azaka zosiyana amakhala limodzi muchisa, ndipo pambuyo pake amatuluka ndikukhala pafupi ndi mabango. Makolo, monga kale, amawadyetsa tadpoles, tinsomba tating'onoting'ono, mpaka anapiyewo atadziyimira pawokha.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wankhuku
Pofika miyezi iwiri, amadzuka pamapiko ndikusiya makolo awo. Asanathe msinkhu, pakatha chaka, amakhala moyo wawokha.
Pofika kasupe wotsatira amakhala akumanga chisa okha. Kutalika kwa moyo ndi zaka 8-10. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amatha kuwona mbalameyi, koma moyo wake m'banja la heron udalembedwa kale mwachilengedwe.
