Polar Wolf - nyama zokoma ndi zamphamvu. Anthu awa ali m'gulu la mimbulu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mimbulu yakum'mwera imasinthidwa kuti izikhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri - ku Far North.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Polar Wolf
Nkhandwe yam'madzi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono zazing'ono za canine. Subpecies adasiyanitsidwa osati pamaziko a ma morphological, komanso chifukwa cha malo ake - kupitirira Arctic Circle. Banja la canid ndi banja lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limaphatikizapo mimbulu, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe. Monga lamulo, izi ndi nyama zolusa zazikulu zokhala ndi nsagwada zotukuka ndi mawendo.
Chifukwa cha ubweya wawo, ambiri a iwo ndi zinthu zogulitsa ubweya. Kubwerera ku Paleocene, zolusa zonse zidagawika m'magulu akulu awiri - canine komanso ngati mphaka. Woyimira woyamba wa ma canids amakhala kutali ndi malo ozizira, koma mdera la Texas lamakono - Progesperation. Cholengedwa chomwe chili pakatikati pakati pa mayines ndi fining, komabe chimakhala ndi zina zambiri kuchokera kubanja la canine.
Kanema: Polar Wolf
Mimbulu nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mbadwa za agalu, koma izi sizowona kwathunthu. Agalu poyambirira anali amodzi amtundu wa mimbulu. Anthu ofooka kwambiri a subspecies adachoka pagulu kukakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Amakhala pafupi ndi malo otayira zinyalala, pomwe amadya zinyalala. Komanso agalu oyambawo anachenjeza anthu pakuwaula za ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira.
Kotero malo aliwonse anali ndi gulu lawo la agalu, omwe, chifukwa chake, adasamalidwa. Mimbulu ya polar imatengedwa ngati abale apamtima a agalu a Samoyed. Uwu ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri womwe wakhala pafupi ndi munthu wokhala ku Far North. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, achikondi, ochezeka, koma nthawi yomweyo odekha, olamulira komanso olimba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mmbulu umaonekera
Kunja, nkhandwe ikuwoneka ngati galu kuposa nthumwi zoyimira mitundu ya nkhandwe. Mtundu wawo ndi woyera ndi silvery sheen. Chovala chachikuluchi chimagawika magawo awiri: tsitsi lakuthwa kumtunda ndi chovala chamkati chofewa. Chovalacho chimasungabe kutentha, ndipo chovala chapamwamba chimalepheretsa malaya amkati kuziziritsa. Komanso ubweya wam'mwamba umathamangitsa madzi ndi dothi, zomwe zimapangitsa nkhandwe kuti zisatengeke ndi zochitika zachilengedwe.
Makutu a mimbulu iyi ndi yaying'ono, koma akuthwa. M'chilimwe, malaya amoto amatenga ubweya waimvi, koma nthawi yozizira imakhala yoyera kwathunthu. Nkhandwe yakum'mwera ndi imodzi mwazoyimira zazikuluzikulu za mimbulu. Kutalika kwake kumafota kumafika masentimita 95, ndipo kutalika kwake kuchokera pamphuno mpaka m'chiuno ndi masentimita 150, kupatula mchira. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhandwe iyi imatha kulemera makilogalamu pafupifupi 80, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira imachepa kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ku Chukotka mu 1987, nkhandwe yolemera makilogalamu 85 inaphedwa - iyi ndi mbiri ya nkhandwe yotentha kwambiri ndipo inali yolemera kwambiri pakati pa mimbulu.
Miyendo ya mimbulu yakutchire ndi yayitali komanso yamphamvu kuposa yamitunduyi. Izi ndichifukwa choti nkhandwe iyenera kuthana ndi zikopa zazikulu ndikusunthira pamafunde oundana. Zotupa zazikulu zimapewa kugwa mu chisanu - zimagwira ngati nsapato. Mphuno ya nkhandwe ndi yotakata komanso yayitali. Amunawa ali ndi tsitsi lalitali m'mphepete mwa mutu, lofanana ndi kuphulika kwapambali.
Kodi nkhandwe ikakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yoyera yoyera
Nkhandwe ya polar imapezeka m'malo awa:
- Madera akumadzulo kwa Canada;
- Alaska;
- kumpoto kwa Greenland;
- madera akumpoto a Russia.
Mmbulu umakonda kukhazikika tundra, dambo pakati pazomera zochepa. Nkhandwe sifunikira njira zina zobisalira, chifukwa zimaphimbidwa ndi ubweya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Osachepera miyezi 5 kumalo okhalamo nkhandwe usiku umodzi. Nkhandweyi imasinthidwa kuti izitha kukhala usiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yowopsa.
Mimbulu ya kum'mwera sikukhazikika pamafunde oundana komanso malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi ayezi. Amapewa madera omwe kulibe chipale chofewa - kupatula nthawi yachilimwe. Madera akuluakulu omwe nkhandweyi imakhala, amapereka malo akuluakulu osakira, koma nthawi yomweyo, kusowa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kusaka kukhala kovuta. Mimbulu ya polar imakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri kwazaka zambiri ndipo imamva bwino.
Izi zimasokoneza kusamalira kwawo kumalo osungira nyama, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse kuzizira kuzikhala m'malo otsekemera. Kupanda kutero, mimbulu imadwala, kutentha kwambiri ndikufa msanga. Chifukwa cha malo oterowo, kusaka mimbulu yakumtunda kwakhala kovuta nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake mitunduyo sinathe kutha, monga nyama zina zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'malo ofanana.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kumakhala nkhandwe yoyera yoyera. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi nkhandwe imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yayikulu kwambiri
Chifukwa cha zovuta za moyo, mimbulu yakumpoto yasintha kuti idye chilichonse chomwe chingapezeke. Mimba yawo m'njira yodabwitsa imagaya chakudya cha zomera ndi nyama, zovunda ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri.
Zakudya za mimbulu yakummwera zimaphatikizapo chakudya chotsatirachi:
- mbalame zilizonse zomwe mmbulu ungathe kugwira;
- achule;
- hares;
- mandimu mchaka, pomwe nyama izi zimaberekana;
- nkhalango, moss;
- musk ng'ombe. Izi ndi nyama zazikulu zomwe zimatha kudzisamalira zokha, koma nthawi yozizira, pakagwa njala, mimbulu imalimbana ndi ng'ombe zam'magulu m'magulu. Ng'ombe yamphongo yayikulu ndi nyama yabwino pagulu lonse;
- mphalapala;
- zipatso zosiyanasiyana zamtchire, mizu;
- kafadala.
M'nyengo yozizira, mimbulu imasamuka pambuyo pa gulu la agwape ndi ng'ombe zamphongo, ndikuzithamangitsa kwamakilomita mazana. Amadyetsa panjira: pomwe nyama zodyetserako ziweto zikaima, zimayesa kuwukira achikulire kapena achinyamata. Kusaka koteroko sikuti kumachita bwino nthawi zonse: amuna azilombo zazikuluzikulu amatha kuukira ndipo amatha kupha nkhandwe. Mimbulu yakumtunda imasinthidwa kukhala njala yanthawi zonse m'nyengo yozizira. Sangadye kwa milungu ingapo, kukumba mizu ndi kusonkhanitsa zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ndere ndi moss.
Mmbulu ukakhala ndi nyama, munthu m'modzi amatha kudya makilogalamu 10, ndichifukwa chake sungayende bwino. Nyama zazing'ono - hares, lemmings ndi zina - zimadyedwa ndi nkhandwe ndi khungu lawo, zikhadabo, mafupa ndi mutu. Kawirikawiri mimbulu imasiya zikopa zawo ndi mafupa kuti zibalalitse. Mmbulu wakumtunda womwewo suunyoza zovunda, chifukwa chake umadya mwakufuna kwawo zomwe adani ena asiya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Arctic mumtunda
Mimbulu ya polar imakhala m'matumba a anthu 7-25. Ziweto zoterezi zimapangidwa kuchokera kumabanja, kuphatikiza mibadwo ingapo. Kawirikawiri, chiwerengerochi chimatha kufikira anthu 30 - ziweto zotere zimakhala zovuta kuzidyetsa. Pamtima paketiyo pali mtsogoleri ndi wamkazi, omwe amapanga awiri. Ana a zinyalala zomalizira komanso zomalizira amakhala ndi makolo awo, ana okulirapo amasiya paketiyo kuti apange mabanja awo. Ngati pali mimbulu yambiri yakale yobala ana m'banjamo, ndiye kuti nkhandwezi sizimabereka mpaka zitachoka m'banjali.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ndi mtsogoleri wa paketi yekhayo yemwe angakweze mchira wake kumtunda - mimbulu ina siyimalola izi pamakhalidwe awo.
Mkazi amayang'anira akazi ena onse a gululo kuti azisamalira bata komanso olamulira mosamalitsa. Akazi awa amamuthandiza kulera ana ake nthawi yotentha, nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala osaka nyama zomwe zimadyetsa okalamba. M'maphukusi a mimbulu, kulanga ndi kovuta. Mimbulu ili ndi njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyenda kwa thupi, kubangula, kulira ndi zina zambiri. Pambuyo pa mtsogoleriyo ndi mmbulu wake pali amuna okalamba ndi akazi, pambuyo pawo - achichepere, ndipo pansi pomwepo pali ana a nkhandwe. Achichepere ali ndi udindo wosonyeza ulemu kwa achikulire.
Nkhondo mkati mwa paketi ndizosowa kwambiri - zimachitika makamaka mchaka, pomwe mimbulu yaying'ono ikufuna kutsutsa ufulu wa mtsogoleri wolamulira. Nthawi zambiri samachita bwino, monga lamulo, samafika pakukhetsa magazi. Ngati mtsogoleri kapena mkazi wake amwalira pazifukwa zina zakunja, mimbulu yotsatira yotsatira idzatenga malo awo.
Mimbulu ya polar ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba. Amatha kuthamanga kwa maola angapo pa liwiro la 9 km / h. Pofunafuna nyama, amakula msanga mpaka 60 km / h, koma sangathe kuthamanga motere kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina mimbulu imazunza wovutikayo, ndikuyiyendetsa mumsampha, pomwe nyama yayikulu ikudikiridwa ndi mimbulu ing'onoing'ono yobisalira. Mimbulu yakumtunda ili ndi gawo lawo lomwe limafikira makilomita ambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, malire amaphwanyidwa, chifukwa masukulu akutsata magulu osamukira.
M'nyengo yotentha, ngati malire aphwanyidwa, ndewu zowopsa zimachitika pakati pa mimbulu. Mimbulu yotentha imakhala kutali ndi nyama zokoma. Zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa munthu ngati ali pafupi kwambiri ndi iwo. Koma mimbulu yokhayokha, yothamangitsidwa m'maphukusi chifukwa chophwanya malamulo kapena kuchoka mwaufulu, ndi amantha kwambiri. Powona zoopsa, amapinda mchira wawo ndi kuthawa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Banja la mimbulu yakummwera
Nthawi yoswana imayamba mu Marichi. Amuna ena achichepere apamwamba akhoza kumenyana ndi mtsogoleri, kupikisana nawo ufulu wokwatirana - ndewu zoterezi zitha kupha. Mimbulu iwiri yomwe imaswana imapeza malo obisika: nthawi zambiri azimayi amakumba dzenje pansi pa chitsamba. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri zitakwatirana, yaikazi imabereka ana agalu omwe amakhala m dzenjelo. Pakadali pano, chachimuna chimadyetsa chachikazi, pomwe chimadyetsa ana agalu omwe sanakhwime, komanso chimateteza khola kuti lisalowedwe ndi mimbulu ina ndi nyama zina zolusa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Abambo a nkhandwe amadyetsa anawo ndi amayi mwa njira yachilendo. Akung'amba chakudyacho, nkumeza ndikuwatengera kubanja mwachangu. Mimba imatha kusunga nyama mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwake. Kenako imabwezeretsanso zidutswa zomwe sizidaperekedwe kwa mmbulu ndi ana.
Nthawi zambiri ana agalu atatu amabadwa, koma nthawi zina amakhala 5. Amalemera pafupifupi 500 g, amabadwa akhungu ndipo amatsogoleredwa ndi fungo la amayi. Pakangotha milungu iwiri, amatha kutsegula maso ndi kuyimirira pamiyendo kuti aziyenda pawokha. Amayi amasamalira ana agalu mosamala kwambiri komanso mwachangu kuwateteza, nthawi zina osalola ngakhale abambo kuwona. Anawo akakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, nkhandwe yayikulu limodzi ndi mtsogoleriyo imabwereranso pakatimu, pomwe mimbulu yonseyo imayamba kusewera ngati "anamwino". Ena mwa iwo amatha kumasula mkaka kuti adyetse anawo.
Nthawi yomweyo, m'badwo wa mimbulu yomwe idabadwa zaka zitatu zapitazo, ana omaliza, imasiya paketiyo. Amachoka, poyamba amapanga gulu lawo, kenako ndikuphatikizana ndi ena. Nthawi zina ana amphongo amamatira limodzi nthawi yoyamba kuti atetezedwe kuzinyama zina ndi mimbulu ya mapaketi osiyanasiyana. Ana amaphunzira msanga kusaka. Mimbulu-yayikulu imanyamula nyama kuti iphunzire kuipha ndi kusaka. Maphunziro amachitika mwa mawonekedwe amasewera, koma pamapeto pake amakhala luso lokwanira kusaka.
Mimbulu yoluka imapita kokasaka ndi paketiyo, komwe mimbulu yayikulu imawaphunzitsa machenjerero ndi zoopsa zamtundu uliwonse. Mimbulu ya Polar imakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi - iyi ndi nthawi yayifupi kwambiri, yomwe imachitika chifukwa chovutikira. Ali mndende, ndikusamalidwa bwino ndikusamalira kutentha, mimbulu imakhala zaka 20.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mmbulu umaonekera
Nkhandwe ili kumtunda kwa chingwe cha chakudya m'malo mwake, motero ilibe adani achilengedwe. Chilombo chokha chomwe chingamupatse mavuto ndi chimbalangondo. Ichi ndi chilombo chokulirapo, chomwe, sichikuwopseza mimbulu.
Zifukwa zomwe mimbulu ndi zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimatha kugundana:
- mimbulu imanamizira kulanda chimbalangondo. Chowonadi ndichakuti chimbalangondo sichidya nyama yomwe yagwidwa ndi mafupa ndi mano, posankha kukwirira zotsalazo panthaka kuti zizikumba ndikudzadya pambuyo pake. Mimbulu, yomwe imafuna kudya nyama yawo yonyamula chimbalangondo, silingapirire izi. Kenako kulimbana kumatha kuchitika, pomwe mimbulu, yozungulira chimbalangondo, imasokoneza chidwi chake, ndipo iwowo amalanda nyama zawo zidutswa;
- chimbalangondo chimanamizira kulanda mimbulu. Zimbalangondo sizinyansanso nyama yakufa, koma nthawi zambiri zimakonda kusalowerera gulu la mimbulu, yomwe imadya nyama zambiri ngati ng'ombe kapena nswala. Monga lamulo, mimbulu imathamangitsa chimbalangondo, ngakhale amatha kuthamangira imodzi mwa izo ndikumupha;
- Chimbalangondo chanjala chimasaka mimbulu. Izi zimachitikanso. Zimbalangondo zofooka, makamaka zimbalangondo zopanda zingwe, zimatha kuukira mimbulu ing'onoing'ono, kuyandikira paketi ndikuyesera kupha imodzi mwa izo. Izi ndichifukwa cholephera kugwira nyama kapena kupeza chakudya china. Zimbalangondo zotere, nthawi zambiri, zimafa ndi njala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yoyera yoyera
Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe yakumadzulo sichinasinthe kuyambira nthawi zakale. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuyambira nthawi zakale akhala madera akumpoto, komwe kuwasaka kumakhala kovuta ndi nyengo. Mimbulu ya ku Arctic imatha kusakidwa ndi mbadwa zakumpoto - ubweya wawo wofunda komanso wofewa umagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zovala ndi pogona. Koma kusodza sikofala, chifukwa nkhandwe ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imatha kuukira ndikubwerera msanga.
Zofuna za makolo akumpoto ndi mimbulu zimangodutsana ndi mphalapala zoweta zokha. Ng'ombe zapakhomo ndizosavuta kudya paketi ya mimbulu. Anthu amateteza gulu la nswala, ndipo mimbulu imawopa anthu, koma nthawi zina imakumana. Zotsatira zake, mimbuluyo imatha kufa kapena kuthawa. Koma mimbulu yakumadzulo imatha kutsata anthu osamukasamuka pamodzi ndi ziweto zawo.
Mimbulu yakutchire imasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama. Ali ndi zizolowezi zofanana ndi mimbulu yakuda. Mimbulu yakubadwira yakugwidwa imachitira anthu zabwino, kuwayesa ngati membala wa paketi. Munthu amatha kuzindikira ngakhale mimbulu ngati mtsogoleri, chifukwa chake mimbulu imagwedeza michira yawo patsogolo pake ndikudina makutu awo.
Polar Wolf - chirombo chonyada ndi chokongola. Chifukwa chakuti adasinthidwa kuti azikhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri, ndizosatheka kwa ozembetsa nyama, ndipo ziwerengero zake sizinasinthe kwazaka zambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/01/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 28.09.2019 pa 11:27
