Ng'ombe ya musk - nyama yokhala ndi mikhalidwe yapadera, akatswiri amati ndi gulu lina. Nyama iyi m'maonekedwe ake imafanana ng'ombe zonse ziwiri (nyanga) ndi nkhosa (tsitsi lalitali ndi mchira wawufupi).
Zolemba ndi malo okhala musk ng'ombe
Mpaka lero, ng'ombe zamtundu wa musk ndizoyimira zokha za musk ng'ombe ngati mtundu. Amachokera kubanja la bovids. Amakhulupirira kuti achibale akutali a nyama izi amakhala ku Central Asia nthawi ya Miocene. Derali linali ndi mapiri ambiri.
Nthawi yozizira yozizira zaka 3.5 miliyoni zapitazo, adachoka ku Himalaya ndikukakhazikika kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya Asia. Glaciation nthawi ya Illinois idapangitsa kuti ng'ombe zamtundu wa musk ziziyenda komwe tsopano ndi Greenland ndi North America. Kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe zamtundu wa musk zidatsika kwambiri pakutha kwa malemu Pleistocene chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu.
Ng'ombe zamphongo ndi nyama zamphongo zokha, monga oimira ungulates, ndi omwe adatha kupulumuka zaka zovuta. Ng'ombe za Musk, zomwe mpaka pano zidafalikira ku Arctic, zatsala pang'ono kutha ku Eurasia.
Ku Alaska, nyamazo zinasowa m'zaka za zana la 19, koma mzaka za m'ma 30 zapitazo zidabweretsedwanso kumeneko. Masiku ano, ku Alaska, pali pafupifupi anthu 800 a nyama izi. Ng'ombe za Musk kupita ku Russia adathera ku Taimyr komanso pachilumba cha Wrangel.
M'madera awa musk ng'ombe khalani m'madera malo osungidwa ndipo ali pansi pa chitetezo cha boma. Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha nyama izi chimatsalira padziko lapansi - pafupifupi anthu 25,000. Maonekedwe a nyama akugwirizana ndi nyengo zovuta za Arctic. Mbali zotuluka pathupi la ng'ombeyo sizipezeka.
Izi zimachepetsa kuchepa kwa kutentha ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa chisanu. Musk ng'ombe yamphongo amasiyana kutalika ndi kachulukidwe. Ndiyamika kwa iye, nyama yaying'ono imawoneka yayikulu kwambiri. Chovalacho chimagwera pafupifupi pansi ndipo ndi chofiirira kapena chakuda mtundu. Ndi nyanga, ziboda, milomo ndi mphuno zokha. M'nyengo yotentha, chovala cha nyama chimakhala chachifupi kuposa nthawi yachisanu.
Dziwani ng'ombe yamphongo yoyera pafupifupi zosatheka. Kumpoto kwa Canada kokha, pafupi ndi Mfumukazi Maud Bay, ndi komwe anthu amtunduwu samapezeka kawirikawiri. Ubweya wawo ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri. Katundu wopangidwa ngati nthiti mu musk ng'ombe ili m'dera lamapewa. Miyendo ndi yaying'ono komanso yolimba, kutsogolo kumakhala kofupikitsa kuposa kwakumbuyo.
Ziboda ndi zazikulu komanso zozungulira mozungulira, zoyenererana bwino kuyenda pamtunda wachisanu ndi miyala. Kutalika kwa ziboda zakutsogolo ndikokulirapo kuposa ziboda zamphazi ndikuthandizira kukumba mwachangu chakudya pansi pa chisanu. Pamutu waukulu komanso wokulirapo wa nyama ya musk, pali nyanga zazikulu, zomwe nyamayo imatulutsa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zilizonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito poteteza adani.
Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazikulu kuposa zazikazi, zomwe zimapangidwanso ngati zida pomenyerana. Maso a ng'ombe zamtundu wa msuzi ndi zofiirira, makutu ndi ochepa (pafupifupi masentimita 6), mchira ndi waufupi (mpaka 15 cm). Kuwona ndi kununkhiza kwa nyama ndizabwino kwambiri.
Amatha kuwona bwino kwambiri ngakhale usiku, amamvera adani omwe akubwerawo ndipo amatha kupeza chakudya chakuya pansi pa chipale chofewa. Zazimuna ndi zazimuna, komanso nyama zochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, zimasiyana kwambiri kulemera ndi kutalika wina ndi mnzake. Kulemera kwa amuna kumatha kuyambira 250 mpaka 670 kg, kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka.
Amayi amalemera pafupifupi 40%, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 120-130. Anthu akulu kwambiri amakhala kumadzulo kwa Greenland, komwe ndi kocheperako - kumpoto.Ng'ombe ya musk zosiyana ndi nyama zofananira monga yaknjati, dzino osati maonekedwe ake okha, komanso chiwerengero cha ma chromosomes. Nyamayo idalandira dzina loti "musk ng'ombe" chifukwa cha kununkhira komwe kumatulutsidwa ndimatenda a nyama.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa musk ng'ombe
Ng'ombe ya musk ndi nyama yamagulu. M'chilimwe, ziweto zimatha kufikira nyama 20. M'nyengo yozizira - opitilira 25. Magulu alibe magawo osiyana, koma amayenda ndi njira zawo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi ma gland apadera.
Zinyama zakale zimapondereza tiana tating'onoting'ono ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amazisamutsa kumalo komwe kuli chakudya chochuluka.Ng'ombe ya musk imakhala kudera linalake ndipo amasankha kuti asasunthire kutali. Pofunafuna chakudya nthawi yotentha, nyama zimadutsa mitsinje, ndipo nthawi yozizira kumwera.Ng'ombe ya Musk - nyama wolimba kwambiri. Koma ili ndi makhalidwe monga kuzengereza ndi kuchedwa.
Ngati ali pangozi, amathamanga pa liwiro la 40 km / h kwakanthawi. Mafuta osakanikirana ndi sikisi yayitali amalola kuti nyamayo ipulumuke chisanu cha -60 madigiri. Mmbulu umodzi wokha ndi chimbalangondo chakumtunda ndi adani achilengedwe a ng'ombe zamtundu. Komabe, ma artiodactyls si ena mwa nyama zofooka kapena zamantha.
Pakakhala mdani, nyamazo zimazungulira mozungulira. Pali zang'ombe mkati mozungulira. Ikaukira, ng'ombe yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi wankhanzayo imaiponya ndi nyanga zake, ndipo amene amaima pafupi nayo amaponda. Njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito pokhapokha mukakumana ndi munthu wokhala ndi zida zankhondo yemwe amatha kupha gulu lonse munthawi yochepa. Pozindikira zoopsa, nyama zimayamba kubangula ndi kufwenthera, ana a ng'ombe akuwomba, amuna amabangula.
Musk ng'ombe zakudya
Malo odyetserako ziweto akuyang'ana ng'ombe yayikulu m'gulu. M'nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe zamtundu wa musk zimagona ndikupumula zochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chiziyenda bwino.Ng'ombe za Musk zimakhala moyo wawo wonse amakhala ozizira, choncho zakudya zawo sizosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi yotentha ku Arctic ndi yochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ng'ombe zamphongo zimadya zomera zowuma zomwe zimakumbidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa. Nyama zitha kuzitenga kuchokera pansi mpaka theka la mita.
M'nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe zamtundu wa musk zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo okhala ndi chipale chofewa ndipo zimadya ndere, moss, ndere ndi zomera zina zazitali kwambiri. M'chilimwe, nyama zimadya sedge, nthambi za shrub ndi masamba amitengo. Munthawi imeneyi, nyama zikusaka mbambande zamchere zamchere kuti zipeze zofunikira zazikuluzikuluzikuluzikulu.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa musk ng'ombe
Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, nyengo yoswana imayamba ndi ng'ombe zamtundu. Pakadali pano, zazimuna zokonzeka kukwerana zimathamangira ku gulu la zazikazi. Chifukwa cha ndewu pakati pa amuna, wopambana amatsimikizika, yemwe amapanga gulu la akazi. Nthawi zambiri, ndewu zachiwawa sizimachitika, zimangolira, kuzimenya, kapena kumenya ziboda.
Imfa imapezeka kawirikawiri. Mwini wa harem amawonetsa zankhanza ndipo salola aliyense kuyandikira akazi. Kutalika kwa mimba musk ng'ombe ndi pafupifupi miyezi 9. Chakumapeto kwa masika, koyambirira kwa chilimwe, mwana wa ng'ombe wolemera makilogalamu 10 amabadwa. Mwana m'modzi amabadwa, kawirikawiri kawiri.
Theka la ola atabadwa, mwanayo wayamba kale kuyimirira. Pakapita masiku angapo, ana ang'onowo amayamba kupanga magulu ndikusewera limodzi. Amadyetsa mkaka wa mayi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, panthawi yomwe kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 100 kg. Kwa zaka ziwiri, mayi ndi mwana amalumikizana mosagwirizana. Nyama imakhwima zaka zinayi. Nthawi ya ng'ombe zamtundu wa musk imatha kukhala zaka 15.
