Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nkhosa zapakhomo ndi woimira nyama za artiodactyl. Ubweya wonenepa, womwe umasunga kutentha bwino komanso nyama yokoma idatsogolera kuzinyama ndi anthu akale (pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo), ndikuimba lero ubweya wa nkhosa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri kuposa ubweya wa nyama zina.
Nkhosa ndi mbuzi kutulutsa mkaka, pamaziko a omwe amadzipangira tchizi, mafuta ophika ndi zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayi inali ndi ziboda zogawanika ndipo idachita nawo zoyeserera zasayansi, mlandu wodziwika kwambiri ndi nkhosa ya Dolly, nyama yoyamwa yomwe idapangidwa.
Pali nthambi yosiyana yoweta ziweto - kuswana kwa nkhosa, ndiye kuti, kuswana nyama izi. Nkhosa zogulitsa ndikulima kwamunthu kumathandizira pachuma chamayiko monga China, Great Britain, Turkey, Australia, Russia.
Mkazi amatha kulemera makilogalamu 45 mpaka 100, koma kulemera kwamphongo yayikulu kumatha kufika 160 kg. Kutalika pakufota kumachokera pa masentimita 55 mpaka 100, kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 110. Mpaka makilogalamu 10 a ubweya akhoza kuchotsedwa pa nkhosa yayikulu yathanzi pakumeta kamodzi.
Pachithunzicho, nkhosa yoweta
Mphuno ya chinyama chimaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi, koma chofupikitsa thupi, milomo imayenda kwambiri. Pakamwa pamakhala mano 32, omwe amapanga thambo lalikulu loti amatafune udzu. Mano a mkaka amasinthidwa kwathunthu ndi ma molars kokha mchaka chachinayi.
Monga lamulo, "nkhosa" zimatchedwa nkhosa zoweta zazimuna, amuna - "nkhosa zamphongo", ana - "ana ankhosa". Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazikulu, zopindika mozungulira, ndi ma tubercles oyenda; wamkazi amakhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono zosawonekera kapena alibe. Mtundu umadalira mtunduwo ndipo umatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira zoyera mpaka zakuda (zotuwa zamitundumitundu).
Chithunzi cha nkhosa chitha kupezeka mu nthano zambiri ndi nthano zambiri. Koma, anthu osiyanasiyana alibe malingaliro amodzi kwa nyamayi. Ku Russia, kutcha mwamuna "nkhosa yamphongo" ndi mkazi kuti "nkhosa", munthu amatanthauza kuchepa kwamaganizidwe. Komabe, nkhosa zimakumbukira bwino ndipo zimakhulupirira kuti zimatha kukonzekera zochita zawo mtsogolo, zomwe zikuwonetsa malingaliro apamwamba kwambiri pazinyama.
Ku America, nkhosa yamphongo imawerengedwa ngati nyama yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu yopirira kwambiri; kuthengo, osakhala oweta akuyenera kuthana ndi maulendo ataliatali ndi zovuta zina kuti apeze malo abwino odyetserako ziweto.
Chisamaliro ndi moyo
Mutha kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa nkhosa mwaubweya ndi utoto waubweya. Oimira amtundu wamtunduwu amakhala ndi malaya ataliatali, nkhosa zamtchire - nyama zokhala ndi tsitsi lowongoka ndi mchira waufupi. Mutu wa artiodactyls wazinyumba ndi wocheperako kuposa wamtchire, maso ndi ochepa komanso ocheperako.
Nkhosayo imamva bwino, mawonekedwe oyang'ana ndi ana opingasa ndi pafupifupi madigiri 300 (nkhosayo imatha kuyang'ana kumbuyo osasuntha mutu). Mosasamala kanthu, nkhosa zimakonda malo otseguka, otetezeka, kupewa malo amdima, amdima. Kuphatikiza pa masomphenya ndi kumva kwakanthawi, chinyama chili ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zakumveka: kung'ung'udza, kukalipa, kutuluka magazi ndi kung'ung'udza.
Mverani kulira kwa nkhosa ndi ana ankhosa
Mverani mawu a nkhosa
Nthawi zambiri, kulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kumamveka mosiyana ndi nkhosa iliyonse, motero nyama zomwe zili mgulu lomwelo zimatha kuzindikirana. Kuphatikiza apo, kulira mokweza kumatanthauza chizindikiro cha alamu - mdani wawonekera kutali ndi gulu lankhondo, komanso - chisoni kuchokera kusungulumwa (kukhala patali ndi gulu, nkhosa zimayamba kulira).
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa gulu la nkhosa
Phokoso lonselo siligwira ntchito pang'ono - nkhosa zamphongo zimagwiritsa ntchito phokoso mukamakondana, kufufuma kumawonetsa kukwiya kwa munthu, kudandaula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akazi pobereka. Nkhosa nthawi zambiri zimadya msipu mwa kugwetsa ng'ombe patali pang'ono kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, komabe, izi zimangowonedwa m'malo otseguka, koma ngati gulu lithamangitsidwa kumalo otetezedwa, nyamazo zimabalalika patali, chifukwa zimamva kuti zili bwino.
Kuti mugwetse gulu lolimba, munthu atha kugwiritsa ntchito galu wophunzitsidwa bwino, yemwe angayambe kuzungulira pafupi ndi nkhosa - kumusocheretsa galu ngati wolusa, ma artiodactyl amadziphatika pafupi, chifukwa ndi njira yokhayo yotsutsira mdaniyo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nkhosa zomwe zikudyetsa ziweto nthawi zambiri zimasiya kudya udzu kuti ziwone ngati abale awo ali m'malo, izi zimatsimikizira kuti nyama zikugwirizana.
Ngati nkhosa yosazindikira imamenya nkhondo ndi gulu lalikulu, imayamba kuchita mantha ndikumakhala ndi nkhawa yayikulu. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti pankhaniyi, muyenera kumuwonetsa mawonekedwe anu pakalilore, ndikudziyesa nokha ngati nyama ina, nkhosazo zikhazikika. Ngati chinyama, mwanjira inayake, chakwanitsa kugubuduka pamsana pake, sichingathe kukhala chokha palokha, ndiye kuti nkhosayo imatha kufa.
Chakudya
Kulawa ndi chiwalo china chopangidwa bwino komanso chofunikira. Nkhosa zimadya zitsamba zokoma kwambiri ndi zowawa, zimadutsa zowawa. Kuwona ndi kukhudza kumatenga nawo gawo pakusankha zitsamba zomwe mungadye.
Nkhosa ndi chiwetochifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa zitsamba, zakudya zake zimaphatikizanso zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi anthu. Mukamadyetsa, chakudyacho chimapangidwa potengera cholinga cholera chiweto.
Chifukwa chake, zosakaniza ndi magawanidwe osiyana azinthu zofunikira nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuti zizidyetsa nkhosa ndi nkhosa zaubweya, zoyenda ndi zazimayi, komanso zazimayi mukamadyetsa, zamphongo mwakachetechete komanso nthawi yokhwima ikayandikira.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nkhosa ikafika msinkhu pakatha miyezi 6-8, komabe, kusamba koyamba kumalangizidwa kuti kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo (makamaka nthawi yophukira), popeza mimba yoyambirira itha kuwononga nyama. Nkhosa yamphongo iliyonse imakhala ndi chiwalo chaposachedwa cha vomeronasal chomwe chitha kugwira ma pheromones obisika ndi nkhosa yomwe ikuyenda.
Pachithunzicho, nkhosa yokhala ndi ana ankhosa
Chifukwa chake, yamphongo imapeza yaikazi itakonzeka kuswana ndipo imayamba kukopana ndi phokoso lamphamvu. Ngati mkazi abwezeretsa, kukwatira kumachitika, pambuyo pake mkaziyo amabala ana kwa miyezi 5 (mwina pakhoza kukhala zolakwika nthawi zina). Kulemera kwa mwana ndi 3-6 makilogalamu, mayi amadyetsa mwana mkaka. Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wathanzi ndi zaka 10-12.
