Ma Beavers amalankhulidwapo nthawi zonse ndi chidwi chochepa: nyama zodabwitsa izi zimadabwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika, kuchita zinthu modzipereka komanso kudzipereka.
Munthu adapanga chinyamacho kukhala ngwazi yabwino yopeka yopeka yonena za moyo wosatha wamoyo. Chokhacho ndichofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pamawu amawu: beaver ndi nyama, ndipo beaver ndi dzina la ubweya wake.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala beaver
Malinga ndi mbewa, nyama yayikulu iyi yam'madzi ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri, zolemera makilogalamu 30 kapena kupitilira apo. Thupi limakhala lothinana ndipo limakhala lalitali mpaka 1.5 mita kutalika, mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm.Miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zala zisanu, pakati pake pali nembanemba. Mapazi akumbuyo ndi olimba kwambiri kuposa mapazi akutsogolo.
Misomali yake ndi yolimba, yokhota ndi yopyapyala. Pa chala chachiwiri, claw ndi fork, yofanana ndi chisa. Izi ndi zomwe nyama imagwiritsa ntchito kupesa ubweya wokongola komanso wofunika. Ubweya umakhala ndi tsitsi lotetezedwa komanso mkanjo wamkati, chitetezo chodalirika ku hypothermia, chifukwa samanyowa bwino m'madzi.
Mafuta osanjikiza, omwe amasungira kutentha kwamkati, amatetezanso kuzizira. Mtundu wa malaya amachokera ku mabokosi mpaka ofiira akuda, pafupifupi akuda, ngati makoko ndi mchira.
Chifukwa cha ubweya wamtengo wapatali komanso wokongola, nyamayo idatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa ngati mtundu: panali anthu ambiri omwe amafuna kupeza chovala chaubweya ndi chipewa chopangidwa ndi khungu la nyama. Pamapeto pake beaver awonjezera pamndandanda nyama Buku Lofiira.
Mchira wa nyama umakhala ngati chikepe cha 30 cm kukula kwake mpaka 11 cm masentimita. Pamwamba pake pamakhala mamba akulu ndi ma bristles owuma. Maonekedwe a mchira ndi zina zimasiyanitsa ma Eurasia kapena beaver wamba kuchokera ku wachibale waku America (Canada).
Kumchira, kuli wen ndi ma gland awiri opanga chinthu chonunkhira, chomwe chimatchedwa mtsinje wa beaver. Chinsinsi cha wen chimakhala posunga zambiri za munthuyo (zaka, kugonana), ndipo kununkhira kukuwonetsa malire a gawo lomwe akukhalamo. Chosangalatsa ndichapadera pa ndege ya beaver, monga zala zaanthu. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira.
Pachithunzicho, beaver yamtsinje
Pamphuno yaying'ono, makutu amfupi, osatuluka ubweya, amawoneka. Ngakhale kukula kwa ziwalo zomvera, kumva kwa nyama ndikwabwino. Mukamizidwa m'madzi, mphuno ndi makutu a nyama zimatsekedwa, maso amatetezedwa ndi "chikope chachitatu" ndipo amatetezedwa kuvulala.
Kakhungu kakuthwanima kamakupatsani mwayi woti muwone nyama ili m'madzi akhathithithi. Milomo ya beaver imapangidwanso mwapadera kotero kuti siyingatsamwitse, madzi samalowa mkamwa akamakuma.
Magulu akulu am'mapapu amalola nyama kusambira, osawonekera pamwamba pamadzi, mpaka 700 m, kuthera pafupifupi mphindi 15. Kwa nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi, izi ndizolemba.
Khalani ndi Moyo nyama beavers m'matupi akuya amadzi oyera opanda pang'onopang'ono. Awa ndi nyanja zamatchire, mayiwe, mitsinje, mitsinje, ndi magombe. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi masamba obiriwira a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zitsamba ndi udzu. Ngati malowo sali olondola, ndiye kuti beaver amagwira ntchito pakusintha chilengedwe monga womanga.
Kalelo nyama zinkakhazikika ku Europe ndi Asia konse, kupatula Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin. Koma kuwonongedwa ndi ntchito zachuma zidapangitsa kuti mbali yayikulu ya beaver iwonongeke. Ntchito yobwezeretsa ikupitilizabe mpaka pano, pomwe ma beaver akukhalira m'madamu omwe anthu angakhalemo.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa beaver
Beavers ndi nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimadalira kwambiri madzi, zimasambira bwino, zimadumphira pansi, komanso pamtunda beaver Zatero kaonedwe zosamveka nyama.
Ntchito za nyama zimachulukirachulukira ndikumayamba kwa usiku. M'nyengo yotentha amatha kugwira ntchito maola 12. M'nyengo yozizira kokha, mu chisanu choopsa, samasiya nyumba zokhazokha. Maenje kapena malo otchedwa kanyumba ndi malo omwe mabanja a beaver amakhala.
Zipata zolowera m'mabowo zimabisika ndi madzi ndipo zimadutsa m'malo ovuta a m'mbali mwa nyanja. Kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kumatsimikizira kuti nyama ndizachitetezo. Chipinda chochezera chimakhala choposa mita imodzi kukula kwake komanso kutalika kwa 50 cm, nthawi zonse kumakhala pamwamba pamadzi.
Beaver amatha kupanga madamu omwe amatha kuthandizira kulemera kwa munthu
Denga lapadera limateteza malo pamtsinje, pomwe pali bowo, kuzizira kozizira. Kuwonetseratu kwa beavers ndikofanana ndi luso la opanga. Ntchito yomanga zinyumba ikuchitika m'malo athyathyathya kapena m'mabanki otsika. Izi ndizinthu zopangidwa ndi kondomu mpaka 3 m kutalika, zopangidwa ndi matabwa, silt ndi dongo.
Mkati mwake ndi otakata, mpaka mamilimita 12. Pamwamba pamakhala potsegula mpweya, ndipo pansi pake pali ziboo zomiza m'madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala yotentha mkati, mulibe ayezi, ma beavers amatha kulowa m'madzi. Nthunzi pamwamba pa kanyumba patsiku lachisanu ndi chizindikiro cha kukhalapo.
Pofuna kusamalira madzi ofunikira ndikusunga nyumba ndi maenje, ma bea amamanga madamu odziwika bwino, kapena madamu kuchokera ku mitengo, mitengo ndi mabala. Ngakhale miyala yolemera mpaka 18 kg imapezeka kuti ilimbikitse nyumbayi.
Chimango cha dziwe, monga lamulo, ndi mtengo wakugwa, womwe umadzazidwa ndi zida zomangira mpaka 30 m kutalika, mpaka 2 mita kutalika, mpaka 6 mita m'lifupi.Dongosolo limatha kuthandizira kulemera kwa munthu aliyense.
Pachithunzicho, beaver burrow
Nthawi yomanga imatenga pafupifupi masabata 2-3. Kenako ma beavers amayang'anitsitsa mosamala chitetezo cha chinthu chomwe adamangapo ndikuchita "kukonza" ngati kuli kofunikira. Amagwira ntchito ngati mabanja, kugawa maudindo, ngati kuti chifukwa chongochita zolondola komanso zopanda zolakwika.
Makoswe amalimbana mosavuta ndi mitengo mpaka 7-8 masentimita m'mphindi 5, akulumata mitengo ikuluikulu m'munsi. Ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, mpaka 40 cm m'mimba mwake, imatha usiku umodzi. Kudula mbali, kukoka nyumba kapena damu kumachitika mwadongosolo komanso mosadodometsedwa.
Zinyama zotani zomwe ndi beavers mnyumba mwawo, wowoneka kumalo okhalamo. Osati nyumba zokhazokha, komanso njira zomwe zida zomangira ndi chakudya zimasakanikirana, mulibe zimbudzi ndi zotsalira za chakudya.
Njira, nyumba, ziwembu zomanga - chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndikuyeretsedwa. Malo apadera amapangidwa, omwe amatchedwa beaver. Kulumikizana kwa ziweto kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zilembo zapadera zonunkhira, mawu omveka, ofanana ndi likhweru, kulira kwa mchira.
Kuthira pamadzi ndi chizindikiro cha alamu komanso lamulo loti mubisala m'madzi. Adani akulu m'chilengedwe ndi mimbulu, nkhandwe, ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira. Koma kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu a beaver kudachitika ndi anthu.
Beaver ndi nyama-Wogwira ntchito komanso wodziwa bwino moyo wabanja. Mu nthawi yawo yaulere, amasamalira ubweya waubweya, kuipaka mafuta ndi zotsekemera kuchokera kumatumbo olimba, kuteteza kuti asanyowe.
Chakudya cha Beaver
Zakudya za ma beavers zimachokera pachakudya chazomera: makungwa ndi mphukira za mitengo yofewa; nthawi yotentha, masamba obiriwira amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu.
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya patsiku kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 1/5 ya kulemera kwa nyama. Mano amphamvu a mbewa yamtunduwu amalola kuti izitha kulimbana ndi zakudya zamitundumitundu. Amakonda kwambiri msondodzi, birch, aspen, poplar, linden, mbalame yamatcheri. Amakonda acorns, masamba obzala, makungwa ndi masamba.
M'nyengo yophukira, beavers amatuta chakudya cha nkhuni nthawi yachisanu. Malo osungiramo katundu amapezeka m'malo omwe ali pansi pa mabanki omwe ali ndi madzi osefukira. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mupeze pansi pa ayezi m'nyengo yozizira osati mitengo ikuluikulu yozizira ya msondodzi, aspen kapena birch.
Zosungidwa ndizazikulu: mpaka 70 cubic metres. banja limodzi la beaver. Mabakiteriya apadera amathandizira chimbudzi pokonza mapadi, ndipo ma beaver incisors amakula moyo wonse.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Akazi amalamulira banja la beaver, ndi akulu kukula. Nthawi yokwatirana imachitika nthawi yozizira, kuyambira pakati pa Januware mpaka February.
Pachithunzicho muli beaver wakhanda
Nthawi yobereka imatha mpaka Meyi, omwe amabadwa kuyambira 1 mpaka 6, iliyonse ikulemera pafupifupi 0,5 kg. Anawo amakhala ndi ana 2-4. Beavers, owoneka bwino komanso aubweya, atatha masiku awiri akusambira kale pansi pa chisamaliro cha amayi awo.
Ana azunguliridwa ndi chisamaliro, kuyamwitsa mkaka kumatenga masiku 20, kenako pang'onopang'ono amasinthana kukadya zakudya. Kwa zaka ziwiri, achinyamata amakhala m'mizere ya makolo, ndipo atatha msinkhu, gulu lawo komanso malo okhala atsopano amapangidwa. Mwachilengedwe, moyo wa beaver wamtsinje umatha zaka 12-17, ndipo mu ukapolo umawirikiza.
Mitundu iwiri ya beavers yokhala ndi ana azaka zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri za moyo amapanga magulu am'magawo omwe amakhala ndi malo awo okhala. Kukhazikika kwawo, monga lamulo, kumakhudzira chilengedwe.
Pali nthawi zina pomwe nyumba za beaver zimayambitsa kukokoloka kwa misewu kapena njanji. Koma nthawi zambiri nyama beaver Olemera ndi matupi amadzi oyera ndikukhala ndi nsomba, mbalame, okhala m'nkhalango.
