Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala cormorant
Cormorant (kuchokera ku Latin Phalacrocorax) ndi mbalame yaying'ono komanso yayikulu yamphongo yochokera ku nkhanu. Banjali lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 40 mbalame zikuluzikulu.
Iyi ndi mbalame yam'nyanja yomwe imakhala m'makontinenti onse apadziko lapansi. Nyama zazikuluzi zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja, komanso malo okhala mitundu ina ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Tiwuzeni pang'ono za mitundu ya cormorants omwe amakhala mdera la Russian Federation. Zonse pamodzi, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi imakhala m'dziko lathu:
— mphuno yayitali kapena ayi cormorant yamkati (kuchokera ku Latin Phalacrocorax aristotelis) - malo okhala ndi gombe la Nyanja Yoyera ndi Barents;
— borm cormorant (kuchokera ku Latin Phalacrocorax pelagicus) - amakhala ku Sakhalin ndi zilumba za Kuril;
— cormorant wamaso ofiira (kuchokera ku Latin Phalacrocorax urile) - mitundu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha, yomwe imapezeka pachilumba cha Copper Island of the ridge;
— cormorant waku Japan (kuchokera ku Latin Phalacrocorax capillatus) - malowa ndi kumwera kwa Primorsky Krai ndi zilumba za Kuril;
— cormorant (kuchokera ku Latin Phalacrocorax carbo) - amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda ndi Mediterranean, komanso Primorye ndi Nyanja ya Baikal;
— cormorant (kuchokera ku Latin Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) - amakhala pagombe la Nyanja ya Azov komanso ku Crimea.
M'chithunzicho munakhala cormorant
Kapangidwe ka thupi la cormorant ndikalikulu, kotalikirapo, kutalika kwake kumafika mita ndi mapiko a mapiko a 1.2-1.5 mita. Kulemera kwa mbalameyi kumakhala pakati pa kilogalamu zitatu mpaka zitatu ndi theka.
Mutu wokhala ndi milomo yooneka ngati mbedza wololedwa kumapeto kwake uli pakhosi lalitali. Mlomo wokha ulibe mphuno. Pamapangidwe amaso a mbalamezi pali chotchedwa khungu lonyezimira, chomwe chimalola kuti zizikhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka mphindi ziwiri). Komanso miyendo yoluka, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ndi thupi, imathandizira ma cormorant kuti akhale pamadzi komanso pansi pamadzi.
Mukuuluka, ndi mapiko ake atafalikira, mawonekedwe amtundu wa cormorant amawoneka ngati mtanda wakuda, womwe umawoneka wosangalatsa motsutsana ndi thambo lamtambo. Mtundu wa mbalame za mbalame zambiri ndi mdima, pafupi ndi wakuda, matani.
Kutengera mitundu, pali mawanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala pamagulu osiyanasiyana amthupi, makamaka pamimba ndi pamutu. Chokhacho ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri - cormorant yoyera, yojambulidwa mbalameyi Mutha kuwona nthenga zoyera za thupi lonse. Za Cormorant mbalame mafotokozedwe mutha kumvetsetsa kuti ilibe chisomo chapadera, komabe ndi mtundu wina wamalo ogombe la nyanja.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa cormorant
Cormorants nthawi zina. Mbalame zimathera nthawi yawo yochuluka m'madzi kapena pamphepete mwa nyanja, kufunafuna chakudya chawo ndi anapiye awo. Amasambira msanga komanso mopepuka, amasintha kayendedwe kake mothandizidwa ndi mchira wawo, womwe umakhala ngati mtundu wa keel.
Kuphatikiza apo, cormorants, kusaka chakudya, amatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi mozama, kumiza m'madzi akuya mamita 10-15. Koma pamtunda zimawoneka ngati zosasunthika, pang'onopang'ono zikuyenda posweka.
Mitundu ina yokha ndi yomwe imangokhala, mbalame zambiri zimauluka nthawi yozizira kupita kumalo otentha, ndikubwerera kumalo awo akale kukadzikhalira. Pamalo obisalamo amakhala m'midzi nthawi zina ngakhale limodzi ndi mabanja ena amanjana, mwachitsanzo, ndi nkhono kapena tern. Chifukwa chake, ma cormorant amatha kutchedwa mbalame zochezeka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa ku Japan, anthu akumaloko amagwiritsa ntchito ma cormorant kuti agwire nsomba. Amayika mphete ndi chingwe chomangirira m'khosi mwawo ndikuwamasula m'madzi. Mbalameyi inagwira nsomba, ndipo mpheteyo inkaletsa kuti isameze nyama yake, yomwe pambuyo pake idatengedwa ndi munthu. Chifukwa chake, m'masiku amenewo ku Japan kugula mbalame za cormorant zinali zotheka pafupifupi mumsika uliwonse wakomweko. Pakadali pano, njira iyi yosodza siigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo chifukwa mitundu ina yosowa ya mbalamezi ndiyotetezedwa ndi malamulo ndipo imalembedwa mu International Red and Russian Book. Mndandanda wazandalama zaku Russia "Red Book" mu 2003, ruble yasiliva idaperekedwa chithunzi cha mbalame yakuthengo ndi kusindikiza kwa zidutswa 10,000.
Zakudya zosasangalatsa
Chakudya chachikulu cha cormorants ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zapakatikati. Koma nthawi zina molluscs, crustaceans, achule, abuluzi ndi njoka zimalowa mchakudya. Milomo ya mbalamezi imatha kutsegula kwambiri, yomwe imawalola kumeza nsomba pafupifupi, ndikukweza mutu wawo.
Pali makanema ambiri ndipo cormorant mbalame chithunzi panthawiyi yogwira ndikudya nsomba ndichopatsa chidwi. Mbalameyi imasambira, ikutsitsa mutu wake m'madzi ndipo mwamphamvu, ngati torpedo, imamira pansi penipeni pa dziwe, ndipo patatha masekondi ochepa imasambira mita 10 kuchokera pano ndi nyama yomwe ili pamlomo pake, ikukweza mutu wake ndikumeza nsomba zomwe zagwidwa kapena crustacean. Munthu wamkulu wa mbalameyi amatha kudya pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu patsiku.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa cormorant
Kukula kwa kugonana kwa cormorants kumachitika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Nthawi yobisalira imapezeka koyambirira kwa masika (Marichi, Epulo, Meyi). Ngati mitundu ya cormorant imasamukira kwina, ndiye kuti imakafika kumalo okhalirako awiriawiri kale, ngati ndi mitundu yokhazikika, ndiye kuti nthawi imeneyi imagawika awiriawiri kumalo awo okhala.
Mbalamezi zimamanga chisa chawo ndi nthambi ndi masamba a mitengo ndi tchire. Ili pamtunda - pamitengo, pamiyala yam'mbali ndi miyala. Pofika nthawi yokwatirana, ma cormorant amavala zovala zotchedwa mating. Kuphatikiza apo, mpaka mphindi yokwatirana, mwambowu umachitika, pomwe maanja opangidwayo amakonza zovina, ndikufuula wina ndi mnzake.
Mverani mawu a cormorant
Mazirawo amayikidwira mu chisa chimodzi pa nthawi pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira obiriwira atatu kapena asanu. Makulitsidwe amachitika mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, pambuyo pake anapiye ang'ono amatuluka padziko lapansi, omwe alibe nthenga ndipo sangathe kuyenda palokha.
Asanathamange, omwe amapezeka miyezi 1-2, anapiyewo amadyetsedwa kwathunthu ndi makolo awo. Pambuyo pa kuwoneka nthenga ndipo ana a cormorant asanaphunzire kuuluka pawokha, makolo amawaphunzitsa kupeza chakudya, koma osawaponyera moyo wodziyimira pawokha, kubweretsa chakudya cha chakudya. Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wa cormorants ndiyotalika kwambiri kwa mbalame ndipo imatha kukhala zaka 15-20.
