Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Lentili (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus) ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri kuchokera kubanja la finch, dongosolo lolozera. Kutengera mtundu mphodza wa nkhuku amakhala ku Asia, North America ndi Europe.
Asayansi amasiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yambiri yazinthu zazing'ono zazing'ono izi, zazikuluzikulu zimaperekedwa pansipa:
- Maluwa ofiira ofiira (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus cassinii) - malo okhala North America;
- Mbalame yachilendo ya mphodza (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus erythrinus kapena Carpodacus chabe) - malowa ndi kumwera kwa Eurasia, chifukwa nthawi yachisanu amasamukira kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia;
- Mphuphu (kapena mlombwa) mphodza (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus rhodochlamys) - amakhala kumapiri a Central ndi Central Asia, omwe amapezeka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Altai. Pali ma subspecies atatu:
Mu chithunzi juniper lentil
- Maluwa apinki (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus rhodochlamys grandis) - amakhala m'mapiri a Tien Shan, pang'ono pang'ono pamapiri a Altai, kum'mawa kwa Afghanistan ndi ku Himalaya. Pali ma subspecies awiri:
1. Carpodacus rhodochlamys rhodochlamys;
2. Carpodacus rhodochlamys zidzukulu;
- Maluwa a ku Mexico (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus mexicanus kapena Haemorhous mexicanus) amapezeka ku North America (Mexico, United States ndi kumwera kwa Canada). Pali ma subspecies ambiri.
- Mpweya wabwino (wochokera ku Latin Carpodacus nipalensis);
- Maluwa ofiira ofiira (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus eos);
- Maluwa okongola (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus pulcherrimus) - mulingo waukulu ndi Himalaya;
- Mbalame yofiira (yochokera ku Latin Carpodacus puniceus kapena Pyrrhospiza punicea) ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imakhala kumapiri ku Central Asia;
- Nsalu zofiirira (zochokera ku Latin Carpodacus purpureus) - amakhala ku North America;
- Manyowa ofiira a vinyo (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus vinaceus)
- Mphodza zofiira (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus rodochrous) - mbalameyi idasankha mapiri a Himalaya ngati malo ake;
- Lenti lamba zitatu (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus trifasciatus)
- Mphodza (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus rodopeplus)
- Pale Lentils (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus synoicus)
- Maluwa a Blanford (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus rubescens)
- Mphodza wa Roborovsky (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus roborowskii kapena Carpodacus Kozlowia roborowskii) - malo okhala - Tibet wamapiri ataliatali (opitilira 4 zikwi mita pamwamba pa nyanja);
- Edils lentils (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus edwardsii)
- Mphodza za ku Siberia (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus roseus) - malo okhala kumapiri taiga yaku Eastern ndi Central Siberia;
- Mbalame yayikulu ya mphodza (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus rubicilla) - amakhala mdera lalikulu la Central and Central Asia, ku Caucasus ndi Altai. Ali ndi subspecies:
1. lentil yayikulu ya ku Caucasus (rubicilla);
2. Lentilo lalikulu la ku Mongolia (kobdensis);
3. Central lentil yayikulu ku Asia (severtzovi);
4. matenda a shuga;
- Lenti yoyera-yoyera (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus thura);
- Mphodza za Alpine (zochokera ku Latin Carpodacus rubicilloides) - amakhala kumalo okwera kwambiri m'mapiri monga Tibet ndi Himalaya;
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mbalame imakhala yolumikizana ndi nthenga zofiira ndi pinki m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi, makamaka pamutu, m'khosi ndi pachifuwa. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala owoneka bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi akazi. Kusiyana kwamitundu ndi mitundu kumatha kuwonedwa mosavuta ndi chithunzi cha mbalame za mphodza.
Kukula kwa mbalame zanyimbo izi ndi kocheperako; Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi nyama yakufa kuposa mpheta. Mitundu ngati mphodza zazikulu ndi zamapiri ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa abale awo m'banjamo, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumafika 20 cm ndi kupitilira apo.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Malingana ndi mitundu, mphodza amakhala moyo wawo m'malo odzazidwa ndi tchire ndi mitengo. Sakhala ofala m'mitsinje yamadzi osefukira okhala ndi masamba ochepa.
Mbalame za lentil zikuimba imamenya khutu la munthu ndi nyimbo yake komanso kutha kusintha mamvekedwe. Phokoso lomwe amapanga limakumbutsa "tyu-ti-vitity", "iwe-vityu-saw" ndi zina zotero.
Mverani mbalame ya mphodza ikuyimba
Amakhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana, makamaka amakhala panthambi za tchire ndi mitengo, potero amadzipulumutsa okha kuzinyama zomwe zimawasaka. Adani akuluakulu a mbalamezi ndi akamba, makoswe, amphaka ndi njoka.
Mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi imasamuka ndipo nyengo yachisanu imasamukira kumadera akumwera komwe amakhala. Mitundu ina (makamaka mitundu yakum'mwera chakumtunda) imangokhala.
Chakudya cha mphodza
Chakudya chachikulu cha mphodza ndi mbewu za mbewu, zipatso, ndi zipatso zina. Mitundu ina imathandizanso kudyetsa tizilombo tating'ono. Manyowa ambiri samatsikira pansi kukafuna chakudya, koma amangofunafuna chakudya chawo pamtunda.
Amamwa mwakufuna kwawo Rossa komanso kudzikundikira madzi amvula. M'zithunzi za mphodza, mutha kuwona nthawi yakudyetsa kwawo, chifukwa panthawiyi mbalamezi zimasamala kwambiri ndi mikokomo komanso mawu.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kupatula mitundu ina, mphodza ndi mbalame zokhazokha ndipo zimakwatirana awiriawiri pokhapokha pakakhala nthawi yogona. Pakati pa nyengo ya kukwatira, yaimuna mbalame mphodza mawu itanani akazi.
Akazi amasankha amuna awo ndi mtundu. Odziwika kwambiri ndi amuna omwe ali ndi nthenga zowala komanso zosiyanasiyana. Ikakwerana, yaikazi imaikira mazira pachisa, yomwe imakonzekera pasadakhale panthambi zamtchire.
Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira 3-5. Ndi mkazi yekhayo amene amachita nawo makulitsidwe, panthawiyi yamphongo imakhala yotanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya cha anthu onsewa. Anapiye amaswa masiku 15-20 ndipo amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo kwa milungu ina iwiri, pambuyo pake amathawa ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Kutalika kwa mphodza kumadalira kwambiri mitunduyo ndipo kumatha kufikira zaka 10-12. Pafupifupi, mbalamezi zimakhala zaka 7-8.
