Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nyama yam'madzi (yochokera ku Latin Marmota) ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri kuchokera kubanja la agologolo, dongosolo la makoswe.
Kwathu Nyama zam'mimba ndi North America, kuchokera kumeneko anafalikira ku Europe ndi Asia, ndipo tsopano pali mitundu pafupifupi 15 ya mitundu yawo:
1. Gray ndi Mountain Asia kapena Altai marmot (ochokera ku Latin baibacina) - malo okhala mapiri a Altai, Sayan ndi Tien Shan, East Kazakhstan ndi kumwera kwa Siberia (madera a Tomsk, Kemerovo ndi Novosibirsk);
Ambiri mwa mbalame zambiri zimakhala ku Russia
2. Baibak aka Babak kapena common steppe marmot (ochokera ku Latin bobak) - amakhala m'mapiri a kontinenti ya Eurasia;
3. Nyama yam'madzi yotchedwa Forest-steppe marshot Kashchenko (kastschenkoi) - amakhala ku Novosibirsk, m'chigawo cha Tomsk pagombe lamanja la Ob;
4. Almani wa Alaskan aka Bauer (broweri) - amakhala m'boma lalikulu kwambiri ku US - kumpoto kwa Alaska;
5. Aimvi (ochokera ku Latin caligata) - amakonda kukhala m'mapiri aku North America kumpoto kwa USA ndi Canada;
Pachithunzicho, nyamayi yaimvi
6. Black-capped (kuchokera ku Latin camtschatica) - ndi dera lokhalamo agawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono:
- Severobaikalsky;
- Lena Kolyma;
- Kamchatka;
7. Jeffrey wofiira kapena wamtambo wautali (wochokera ku Latin caudata Geoffroy) - amakonda kukhazikika kumwera chakumwera kwa Central Asia, koma amapezekanso ku Afghanistan ndi kumpoto kwa India.
8. Malamba achikasu (ochokera ku Latin flaviventris) - malo okhala ndi kumadzulo kwa Canada ndi United States of America;
9. Himalayan aka Tibetan marmot (kuchokera ku Latin himalayana) - monga dzina limatanthawuzira, mtundu wa nyamayi umakhala m'mapiri a Himalaya ndi mapiri aku Tibetan ataliatali mpaka chipale chofewa;
10. Alpine (ochokera ku Latin marmota) - komwe kumakhala mtundu wamtunduwu ndi Alps;
11. Marmot Menzbier aka Talas marmot (ochokera ku Latin menzbieri) - wofala kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Tan Shan;
12. Forest (monax) - amakhala m'maiko apakati ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States;
13. Mongolian aka Tarbagan kapena Siberian marmot (ochokera ku Latin sibirica) - wamba m'magawo a Mongolia, kumpoto kwa China, m'dziko lathu amakhala ku Transbaikalia ndi Tuva;
Marmot tabargan
14. Olimpiki ya Olimpiki ya Olimpiki (yochokera ku Latin olympus) - malo okhala - Mapiri a Olimpiki, omwe amapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa North America m'boma la Washington, USA;
15. Vancouver (yochokera ku Latin vancouverensis) - malowa ndi ochepa ndipo amapezeka pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Canada, pachilumba cha Vancouver.
Mutha kupereka kufotokozera kwa nkhumba zanyama ngati nyama yonyamula mbewa yokhala ndi mbewa yamphongo ya miyendo inayi yayifupi, yokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono, wokulirapo pang'ono ndi thupi lopepuka lomwe limathera mchira. Ali ndi mano akulu, amphamvu komanso ataliatali mkamwa.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nyamayi ndi mbewa yayikulu kwambiri. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri - nyamayi ya Menzbier, imakhala ndi nyama yotalika masentimita 40-50 komanso yolemera pafupifupi 2.5-3 kg. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi steppe nyamayi nyama nkhalango - kukula kwake kwa thupi kumatha kufikira 70-75 masentimita, ndikulemera kwa nyama mpaka 12 kg.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa nyama iyi umasiyana kutengera mitundu, koma mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ndi yakuda-yachikaso ndi imvi-bulauni.
Kunja, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amtundu, gopher ali nyama zofanana ndi nsungu, mosiyana ndi zomalizirazi, ndizocheperako pang'ono.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nyama zotchedwa mararmot ndi mbewa zotere zomwe zimabisala nthawi yachilimwe, yomwe imatha kukhala miyezi isanu ndi iwiri m'mitundu ina.
Nkhumba zapansi zimathera pafupifupi theka la chaka zili kubisala
Pakudzuka, nyamazi zimakhala ndi moyo wosiyana siyana ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala zikufunafuna chakudya, chomwe chimafunikira kwambiri kuti chizitha kubisala. Nyama zotchedwa anyani zimakhala m'mayenje amene amazikumbira okha. Mwa iwo, amabisala ndipo amakhala nthawi yozizira yonse, gawo lina la nthawi yophukira ndi masika.
Mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi imakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu yonse imakhala m'mabanja okhala ndi wamwamuna m'modzi komanso wamkazi wambiri (nthawi zambiri awiri kapena anayi). Zinyama zimalankhulana ndi kulira kwachidule.
Posachedwa, ndikulakalaka anthu kukhala ndi nyama zachilendo kunyumba, monga amphaka ndi agalu, marmot anakhala chiweto okonda zachilengedwe ambiri.
Pakatikati mwawo, makoswe awa ndi anzeru kwambiri ndipo safuna kuyesetsa kwakukulu kuti asunge. Chakudya, samangokhalira kudya, alibe chimbudzi.
Ndipo pakuwasamalira pali chinthu chimodzi chapadera - ayenera kuyikidwa mu hibernation.
Chakudya cha pansi
Chakudya chachikulu cha nyamalikiti ndi zakudya za mbewu (mizu, zomera, maluwa, mbewu, zipatso, ndi zina zotero). Mitundu ina, monga mbalame zachikasu, imadya tizilombo monga dzombe, mbozi ngakhalenso mazira a mbalame. Nyani wamkulu amadya pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ya chakudya patsiku.
M'nyengo kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira, marmot amafunika kudya chakudya chochuluka kuti apeze mafuta omwe angathandize thupi lake nthawi yonse yozizira.
Mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, nyamayi ya Olimpiki, imaposa theka la kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi kuti igone, pafupifupi 52-53%, yomwe ndi 3.2-3.5 kilogalamu.
Mukuwona zithunzi za nyama zam'mimba ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka m'nyengo yozizira, mbewa iyi imawoneka ngati galu wamafuta a Shar Pei pakugwa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mitundu yambiri imakhala yokhwima pogonana mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Rut imapezeka koyambirira kwa masika, ikatha kutuluka mu tchuthi, nthawi zambiri mu Epulo-Meyi.
Mkazi amabala ana kwa mwezi umodzi, pambuyo pake ana amabadwa okwanira awiri mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi. Pa mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri ikubwerayi, timbalame ting'onoting'ono tomwe timadya mkaka wa amayi, kenako timayamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono ndikudya masamba.
Pachithunzicho mwana wakhanda marmot
Pakutha msinkhu, achichepere amasiya makolo awo ndikuyamba mabanja awoawo, nthawi zambiri amakhala mdera limodzi.
Kumtchire, nyamazi zimatha kukhala zaka makumi awiri. Kunyumba, chiyembekezo chawo chokhala ndi moyo ndi chachifupi kwambiri ndipo chimadalira kwambiri kubisala kochita kupanga; Popanda izi, nyama yomwe ili mnyumba sizingakhale zaka zoposa zisanu.
