Pali nthano zambiri zonena za chimphona cha anaconda, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe chowonadi chimathera pomwe zopeka zimayambira. Ndipo cholakwika ndi zonse - kukula kwakukulu kwa njokayi, komanso kupezeka kwa malo okhala ndi moyo wobisika wa nyama.
Chimphona chija chili ndi mayina ena angapo: Anaconda wobiriwira kapena wamba, komanso madzi boa.
Kufotokozera, masika a anaconda
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa anaconda mu nthano yopeka kumapezeka m'nkhani "Mbiri ya ku Peru" yolembedwa ndi Pedro Cieza de Leon, yomwe idalembedwa mu 1553. Wolembayo akuti izi ndizodalirika ndipo amafotokoza anaconda ngati njoka yayikulu mamita 20 kutalika kwake ndi mutu wofiira komanso maso obiriwira oyipa. Pambuyo pake adaphedwa, ndipo mkanda wonse unapezeka m'mimba mwake.
Anaconda ndi njoka yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo akazi amakula kwambiri kuposa amuna. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chodalirika komanso chotsimikizika, kutalika kwa njoka iyi sikudutsa mita 4-5. Wolemba zanyama waku Sweden G. Dahl m'makalata ake amafotokoza za nyama yopitilira 8 mita kutalika komwe adagwira ku Colombia, ndipo mnzake Ralph Bloomberg akulongosola anacondas 8.5 kutalika kwake... Koma kukula koteroko kumakhala kosiyana ndi lamuloli, ndipo nkhani zantchito ya anacondas ya mita 11 sizoposa njinga zosaka. Nkhani yakulandidwa kwa chimphona cha anaconda 11 m 40 cm wamtali chofotokozedwa mu 1944 chikuwerengedwanso ndi asayansi amakono ngati nthano ndipo amakhulupirira kuti kukula kwa njokayo kudakokomeza kwambiri.
Thupi la anaconda limakhala lobiriwira. Mtundu uwu ndi kubisala koyenera munkhalango zowirira zowirira pakati pamasamba ndikugwa. M'malo am'madzi, utoto uwu umathandizanso anaconda kutsata nyama ndi kubisalira adani pakati pa ndere ndi miyala.
Thupi la anaconda limakhala ndi msana ndi mchira, ndipo nthiti za njoka zimasinthasintha komanso zotanuka ndipo zimatha kupindika ndikuwongola mwamphamvu zikameza nyama yayikulu. Komanso zotanuka ndi mafupa a chigaza, olumikizidwa ndi mizere yofewa yomwe imalola mutu kutambasula ndikulola nyama yankhumba kumeza nyama yayikulu. Lilime, mofanana ndi njoka zonse, limagwira modabwitsa komanso msanga, limagwira gawo lofunikira pakuphunzira zachilengedwe komanso kulumikizana. Masikelo olimba ndi owuma amaphimba thupi ngati zida zankhondo, kuziteteza kwa adani. Mambawo ndi osalala komanso oterera mpaka kukhudza, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwira anaconda kukhala ntchito yovuta kwambiri... Anaconda amatulutsa khungu lake nthawi imodzi ndi "masheya" olimba, chifukwa amapaka miyala ndi nkhuni zolimba.
Chikhalidwe
Anaconda amakhala kumadera otentha komanso otentha ku South America. Manambala ake akulu kwambiri ali ku Venezuela, Paraguay, Bolivia ndi Paraguay. Komanso, anaconda nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango za Guiana, Guyana ndi Peru, koma chifukwa choti chokwawa chimakhala chobisalira komanso chosadziwika, nambala yake mpaka pano ili ndi mtengo wongoyerekeza. Chifukwa chake, akadali vuto kwa asayansi kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa ankhono m'dera linalake. Mphamvu za anthu, nawonso, sizikuyang'aniridwa bwino ndipo Red Book ikuwonetsa kuti palibe chowopseza kutha kwa mitunduyo. Malinga ndi asayansi angapo, anaconda si nyama zomwe zikuwopsezedwa kuti ziwonongedwa. Anaconda amakhala m'malo osungira anthu ambiri komanso achinsinsi padziko lapansi, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuti pakhale malo abwino oti amaswana, chifukwa chake njoka sizikhala zaka 20 ali mu ukapolo, ndipo zaka zapakati pazosungidwa zimakhala zochepa: zaka 7-10.
Anaconda amakhala m'madzi ndipo amakhala m'madzi abata am'madzi, mitsinje ndi ngalande... Amathanso kupezeka m'madzi ang'onoang'ono m'chigwa cha Amazon. Anacondas amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi kapena pafupi ndi madzi, atagona pamiyala kapena m'nkhalango zowirira, kutsata nyama yomwe ili pakati pa masamba. Nthawi zina amakonda kukwera padzuwa paphiri, ndipo nthawi zina amakwera mitengo. Ngati pangozi, imabisala munyanja yapafupi ndipo imatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali. M'nyengo yadzuwa, mitsinje ndi ngalande zikauma, anangula amatha kubowola mu dothi komanso m'mbali mwa nyanja, osakhazikika mpaka nyengo yamvula itayamba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kapangidwe ka mutu wa njoka yayikuluyi, mphuno zake ndi maso ake sizoyikidwa pambali, koma kuchokera kumwamba, ndipo posaka nyama, anaconda amabisala pansi pamadzi, kuwasiya pamwamba. Malo omwewo amathandiza kuthawa adani. Kulowera mozama, njokayi imatseka mphuno zake ndi mavavu apadera.
Ngakhale ndi yayikulu kwambiri, anaconda nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama ya jaguar kapena caiman, ndipo njoka yovulala imatha kukopa chidwi cha gulu la ma piranhas, omwe amathanso kulimbana ndi nyama yofooka.
Poyerekeza ndi ma boa omwe tidazolowera, ankhondwe ndiolimba kwambiri komanso mwamakani. Amatha kuluma kapena kuwukira munthu, koma nthawi zambiri amakondabe kusachita nawo mkangano. Mutatsala nokha ndi chokwawa chachikulu, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri ndipo musamapusitse anaconda ndi phokoso lalikulu kapena kusuntha kwadzidzidzi.
Ndikofunika! Mwamuna wamkulu amatha kulimbana ndi anaconda mwakachetechete, kutalika kwake sikupitilira mita 2-3. Mphamvu ndi minofu ya njoka iyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ya boa constrictor, amakhulupirira kuti kutembenukira kamodzi kwa thupi la anaconda kumakhala kwamphamvu kangapo kuposa kutembenukira kamodzi kwa boa constrictor. Pali nthano yodziwika kuti njoka izi zimatha kuyika munthu mu hypnosis, izi sizowona. Monga nsato zambiri, anaconda siowopsa, komabe kuluma kwake kumatha kukhala kopweteka kwambiri komanso kowopsa kwa anthu.
Kuyambira kalekale, pakhala pali zopeka zambiri ndi nthano zomwe zimafotokoza kuti anaconda monga chilombo chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagunda anthu.... Nkhani yokhayo yolembedwa yovutitsa munthu ndikuwukira mwana kuchokera ku fuko la India, komwe kumatha kuwonedwa ngati ngozi. Munthu akakhala m'madzi, njoka siyimamuwona kwathunthu ndipo imatha kumangolakwitsa kuti capybara kapena mwana wa nswala. Anaconda samasaka munthu, ndipo mafuko aku India am'deralo nthawi zambiri amapeza anacondas kuti apeze nyama yofewa komanso yosangalatsa, ndipo zokumbukira zosiyanasiyana ndi zaluso za alendo ndizopangidwa ndi zikopa.
Dokotala wodziwika bwino wa ku England wotchedwa Gerald Durrell akufotokoza kusaka kwake nyama ya anaconda ndipo samayifotokoza ngati nyama yolusa, koma nyama yomwe idatetezedwa kofooka ndipo sinkawonetsa nkhanza. Katswiri wazinyama uja adamugwira pomangomugwira kumchira ndikuponyera chikwama pamutu pa "anaconda owopsa." Kamodzi ali mndende, njokayo idachita zinthu modekha, idasunthira mofooka m'thumba ndikutsokomola pang'ono. Mwinanso anali wocheperako komanso wamantha kwambiri, zomwe zimafotokozera mosavuta za "mtendere" zoterezi.
Chakudya
Anaconda amasaka m'madzi kapena m'mbali mwa nyanja, mwadzidzidzi akuukira nyama yake... Amadyetsa monga lamulo pa zinyama ndi zokwawa zazing'ono. Makoswe a Agouti, mbalame zazikulu zam'madzi ndi nsomba nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi nsombazi. Anacondas akuluakulu amatha kumeza caiman kapena capybara mosavuta, koma izi sizofala. Anaconda wanjala amatha kusaka akamba ndi njoka zina nthawi zina. Pali mulandu wodziwika pomwe anaconda adapha nsato ya mita ziwiri kumalo osungira nyama.
Njoka yayikuluyi imatha kubisalira kwa maola ambiri, kudikirira nthawi yoyenera. Wovutitsidwayo akafika pafupi ndi mtunda wocheperako, anaconda amaponya mphezi, namugwira ndikumulunga chitsulo kuzungulira thupi lake laminyewa. Ngakhale zikhulupiriro zambiri, njoka izi, komanso mimbulu, sizithyola mafupa a nyama yawo, koma zimakhwinyata, pang'onopang'ono zimafinya pachifuwa ndi m'mapapo. Nthawi zambiri anaconda amalowa m'midzi ndikuukira ziweto zazing'ono, ngakhale agalu komanso amphaka amatha kuzunzidwa. Pakati pa anacondas, pali milandu yodziwika ya kudya anthu, pamene akuluakulu akuukira nyama zazing'ono.
Kubereka
Anacondas amakhala moyo wawokha ndipo amasonkhana mwa anthu angapo nyengo yokolola... Nthawi zambiri nthawi imeneyi imagwa m'nyengo yamvula yambiri, yomwe imayamba m'chigwa cha Amazon kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mkaziyo amalemba mayendedwe ake ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe chimakhala ndi ma pheromones ndipo chimakopa amuna okhwima ogonana. Nyama zazikulu zingapo zimakhomerera mozungulira zazikazizo pamulu waukulu, zikung'ung'uza ndi kumenya nkhondo. Pakukhwimitsa, monga njoka zina, anacondas amapotera mu mpira wolimba, ndipo yamphongo imaphimba ndikunyamula chachikazi ndi zodzikongoletsera zapadera, ndikupanga kulira kwamphamvu. Popeza kuti amuna ambiri amatenga nawo mbali nthawi imodzi, sizikudziwika kuti ndi ndani mwa iwo amene amakonda, wamkulu kwambiri, wamng'ono kwambiri, kapena yemwe anali woyamba "chibwenzi".
Ndizosangalatsa! Chowonadi chakuti asanakwatirane, mkazi amadya kwambiri, kuyambira atakhala ndi pakati sangasaka kwa miyezi yopitilira isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi yachilala imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali ndipo mayi wapakati akuyang'ana mwachangu malo obisalapo ku dzuwa ndi zotsalira za chinyezi chopatsa moyo.
Nthawi zambiri, kutenga pakati kumatha miyezi 7, kenako mkazi amabereka ana mpaka 40... Anaconda amatanthauza njoka zobisalira ndipo pambuyo pobereka, limodzi ndi ana amoyo, amataya mazira omwe sanakule ndikuwadya limodzi ndi ana akufa, potero amadzipatsa mphamvu pang'ono mpaka nthawi yomwe amatha kupita kukasaka. Pambuyo pobadwa, anaconda ang'onoang'ono amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo posakhalitsa amwazikana kufunafuna nyama zochepa. Ana ambiri amamwalira, kugwidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono komanso ng'ona, koma theka la anawo amatha kukhala achikulire.
Adani a anaconda
Anaconda ali ndi adani ambiri, ndipo akulu mwa iwo ndi ma caimans, omwe amakhalanso mumitsinje ndi ngalande ndipo amakhala moyo wofanana. Komanso, akola ndi nyamazi nthawi zambiri amasaka anaconda, nyama zazing'ono kapena zofooka nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi adani awo panthawi yachilala, komanso amuna omwe ataya mphamvu atakwatirana. Koma mdani wamkulu wa anaconda ndi munthu yemwe amasaka njoka zazikulu kuti azisangalala komanso zosangalatsa... Chikopa cha Anaconda chimakondedwanso kwambiri pakati pa alendo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osiririka kwa osaka nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anaconda ya ku Paraguay ingagulidwe kwa ogulitsa wamba, mtengo wake umadalira kukula kwake ndipo ndi ma ruble 10-20 zikwi.
