Kharza (yemwenso amadziwika kuti Ussuri marten kapena wachikasu) Ndi nyama yodya nyama yamtundu wa ma mustelids, ndipo ndiye nyama yayikulu kwambiri pakati pamtunduwu ndipo imadziwika ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso wachilendo.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Thupi la harza limasinthasintha, limakhala lolimba komanso lokhathamira, lokhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso mutu wapakati. Mphuno imaloza, ndipo makutu ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi mutu.
Kutalika kwa mchira wa chinyama kuli pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a mulitali wathunthu wamiyendo, zikhomo ndi mapazi otambalala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pakati pa 2.4 mpaka 5.8 makilogalamu, amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi ndi gawo limodzi, mwina theka.
Mutha kusiyanitsa kharza ndi oimira ena a ndevu ndi mtundu wake wowala, wosaiwalika.
Mtundu wa nyama umasiyanasiyana modabwitsa ndipo umasiyana ndi mtundu wa abale ena mumithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Mphuno ndi gawo lakumutu la mutu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda, gawo lakumunsi kwa mutu kuphatikiza nsagwada ndi zoyera.
Chovala chomwe chili pathupi la harza ndi cha mthunzi wagolide wagolide, chosandulika kukhala bulauni mpaka pamiyendo ndi mchira. Achinyamata ali ndi mtundu wowala, womwe umakhala wakuda kwambiri ndi msinkhu.
Kharzu amapezeka ku Greater Sunda Islands, Malay Peninsula, Indochina kapena m'munsi mwa mapiri a Himalaya. Amagawidwanso ku India, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, Turkey, China ndi Peninsula yaku Korea.
Afghanistan, Dagestan, North Ossetia, zilumba za Taiwan, Sumatra, Java, Israel ndi Georgia akuphatikizidwa ndi malo okhala anyaniwa. Ku Russia, harza amakhala ku Amur, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnodar ndi Khabarovsk Madera. Lero, marten wamabele achikaso amapezeka ku Crimea (adawoneka kangapo konse kufupi ndi Yalta ndi Massandra).
Kharza amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi madzi. Mitundu yachilendo monga Nilgir kharza, amapezeka kokha kum'mwera kwa India, kotero mutha kuwawona atayendera madera osadutsa a dziko lino.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa harza
Kharza amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zamtchire zokhala ndi mitengo yayitali. M'mayiko otentha, imasunthira kufupi ndi madambo, ndipo m'malo otsetserekawa imakhala m'miyala ndi zitsamba zobisika pakati pamiyala. Kharza amapewa anthu ndikuyesera kukhala kutali ndi mizinda ndi midzi. Samakondanso malo ozizira komanso achisanu ndi kupezeka kwake.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ma martens, nyamayi siyimangirizidwa kudera linalake ndipo nthawi zambiri imangokhala, kupatula azimayi a Horza panthawi yobereka komanso nthawi yoyamwitsa.
Momwe harza– chantika yodya nyama, ikamafunafuna nyama, imayenda makilomita makumi awiri patsiku, ndipo yopuma imasankha malo otetezedwa ngati thanthwe kapena kabowo ka mtengo wamtali wokhala pakamphepo, kosafikirika polowera anthu. Amakhulupirira kuti Ussuri martens samalumikizidwa konse mokhalamo, amakonda kukhala moyo wosamukasamuka.
Harza amatha kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Kharza amayenda kwambiri pansi, ngakhale ali pamalo okwera kwambiri amakhala womasuka, akukwera momasuka mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndikudumphira pakati pawo mtunda wopitilira mamita khumi. Ussuri martens amasaka makamaka m'magulu (nthawi zambiri kuchokera pa atatu mpaka asanu), ndichifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zachilengedwe.
Poterepa, maudindo awo pakusaka agawika: ena amayendetsa nyama zawo mumsampha, momwe "anzawo" ena amayembekezera kale. Pakuthamangitsaku, zimatulutsa mawu ngati ofanana ndi kukuwa kwa agalu, omwe mwina amakhala ndi mgwirizano.
Ma martens amtundu wachikasu amathanso kupanga mabanja okwatirana ndipo amakhala m'magulu osangokhala kusaka komanso zosangalatsa.
Chakudya cha Harza
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, harza ndi nyama yodya nyama, ndipo ngakhale kuti imatha kuonedwa ngati nyama yamphongo, chakudya chake chachikulu chimakhala pafupifupi 96% ya chakudya cha nyama.
Kharza amatha kudya makoswe ang'onoang'ono, agologolo, agalu amisala, masabata, hares, pheasants, ma hazel grows, nsomba zosiyanasiyana, molluscs, tizilombo, ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri monga nkhumba zakutchire, nswala zamphongo, nswala, nswala ndi nswala zofiira.
Kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba, harza amakonda zipatso, mtedza ndi zipatso. Ussuri marten imakondanso kudya uchi, ndikulowetsa mchira wake mumng'oma kenako ndikuinyambita.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazo zimasokera m'magulu kuti zizisaka limodzi, pakufika masika, harza imapita kukasaka palokha ndipo imapeza chakudya chokha.
Ngakhale chakudya cha ma martens omwe ali ndi ma chikasu ndichambiri, kuyambira makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi sika deer mpaka mtedza wa paini ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, nyama zam'mimba zimakhala zolemekezeka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayendetsa pabedi la mtsinje wachisanu kotero kuti nyamayo itaya mayendedwe ake pomwe ili poterera , ndipo, moyenera, idakhala nyama yosavuta ya kharza.
Harza amatha kuwononga nkhuku posaka nyama
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yobereketsa ya Ussuri martens ili mu Ogasiti. Amuna nthawi zambiri amamenyera akazi, kuwamenyera. Mimba ya mkaziyo imatenga masiku 120, pambuyo pake amadzipezera pogona, pomwe amabweretsa ana okwana ana atatu kapena asanu.
Kusamalira ana obadwa kumene kumagweranso m'mapewa a amayi, wamkazi samangodyetsa anawo, komanso amawaphunzitsa momwe amasakira ndi zina zomwe zimafunikira kuti apulumuke kuthengo.
Ana amataya nthawi ndi mayi awo mpaka nthawi yotsatira masika, pambuyo pake amasiya chisa cha makolo. Akazi a Harza amakula msinkhu ali ndi zaka ziwiri.
Ma martens amtundu wachikaso ndi nyama zocheza ndipo amapanga maanja omwe samatha m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Popeza kulibe mdani m'malo achilengedwe a kharza, ali ngati ziwindi zazitali ndipo amakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu mpaka makumi awiri, kapena kupitilira apo.
Gulani Kharza ndizovuta kwambiri, makamaka popeza nyamayi ndi yachilendo ndipo imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, ndizosavuta kupeza chithunzi cha kharza ndipo musatulutse malo osamukira kumeneku.
