Tamva zambiri za mbalameyi, koma ndi ochepa omwe adaziwona. Wopanda wamanyazi mbalame ndipo sichiyandikira minda yolima anthu. Bustard wamng'ono adatchulidwa ndi kalembedwe kake.
Asanawuluke, mbalameyi imagwedezeka, imalira, imalira, kenako kenako imathyoka pansi ndikutambasula mapiko ake. Mutha kuona mbalame yokongola iyi wachinyamata kuyatsa chithunzi.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Maonekedwe a mbalame zazimuna ndi zachikazi ndizosiyana. Mwamuna, mbalame kukula bustard ndi mawonekedwe owoneka:
- amalemera pafupifupi 1 kg;
- kutalika kwa thupi 44 cm;
- pakuda mitundu yofiira;
- khosi lili kulocha imvi;
- kuchokera m'khosi mpaka pamimba pali mikwingwirima yosinthasintha kwamdima ndi kuwala;
- mlomo ndi chipolopolo kuzungulira maso ndi lalanje;
- miyendo ndi yakuda chikasu;
- miyendo yolimba
Mkazi amawoneka modekha pang'ono
- khosi, mutu ndi kumbuyo - wakuda ndi wachikasu;
- kulemera kwake kuli kochepa poyerekeza ndi kwamwamuna;
- palibe mkanda wakuda ndi woyera pakhosi.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wachilendowu, mbalameyi imabisala pansi komanso m'nkhalango zowuma. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Asia, Europe ndi Africa. Ku Russia, mbalameyi imapezeka ku South Europe komanso ku Caucasus. Ndiwo mbalame zosamukira kwina, chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira zimauluka kupita ku Iran, India, ndi zina zambiri. Wopanda ndi ya banja la bustard. Ndipo amakhala wachinyamata, monga ndi bustard m'mapiri ndi madambo.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Amatsogolera makamaka moyo wapadziko lapansi. Mbalame zimayenda pang’onopang’ono, koma zimathanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Pakunyamuka, mbalameyo imalira, kuseka komanso kuchita mantha, imamveka ngati mluzu wokhala ndi mapiko ake. Akuuluka, amanjenjemeranso. Zikuwoneka kuti Ntchentche za mbalame zimauluka pamalo amodzi ndipo amangochita mantha, koma zimawuluka mwachangu kwambiri, zimathamanga mpaka 80 km / h. Ndegeyo imakonzedwa ndimikwapu yamapiko pafupipafupi.
Mbalamezi zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mapiri ndi udzu woonda, m'mapiri ndi zigwa zadongo. Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe kanyama kakang'ono kameneka kamakhala, mumangowona zotsalira za ndowe zake ndi zikopa zake, zomwe zimatsalira mbalameyo itadutsa nthaka yonyowa.
Mwendo wa bustard wawung'ono umafanana ndi mwendo wawung'ono wa bustard. Zala zawo zilinso ndi zala zitatu, imodzi yake ndi yayitali komanso yolimba, ndipo iwiri inayo ndi yopyapyala komanso yayifupi, yokhala ndi zikhadabo.
Mukawona mbalame, mutha kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chofanana ndi nkhuku zoweta. Amayenda m'munda mitu yawo ataweramitsa pansi ndikuyang'ana uku ndi uku. Mbalame zimadya msipu m'minda yomwe yasiyidwa. Amayang'ana udzu ndi zotsalira za tirigu. Zakudyazo zilinso ndi ntchentche, kafadala, dzombe ndi tizilombo.
Amapita kukasodza m'mawa kwambiri komanso madzulo, masana nthawi yotentha amayesa kukhala mumthunzi. Amadya madzi ambiri, koma atha kuchita popanda iwo, amatha kutola mame. Ndi amanyazi kwambiri, amatha kuchita mantha ndi kudyetsa ng'ombe, ngakhalenso galimoto ikudutsa msewu.
Ma bustard ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha kapena awiriawiri, ndipo asananyamuke nthawi yachisanu amasonkhana pamodzi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ndi nthawi yokhwima yomwe mikanda yakuda ndi yoyera imayamba kuwonekera mwamphamvu pakhosi laimuna. Pambuyo molting, iwo kukhala zochepa noticeable. Kukula msinkhu mwa amuna kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mwa akazi koyambirira. Mbalame zimatha kukwatira mitala komanso kukwatira amuna okhaokha.
Mbalame zimafika pamalo obisalira m'mwezi woyamba wa masika, zikuuluka makamaka usiku. Atafika, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuyenda. Amuna amapanga mawu achilendo, amalumpha, amatenga mawonekedwe achilendo, kudumpha, kusefukira pakamwa ndikuwonetsa nthenga zake.
Yaimuna, yolumpha, ikumenyetsa mapiko ake, imapachika kwa mphindi zochepa ndikugwa pansi, nthawi zambiri amabwereza izi. Zikuwoneka zoseketsa kwambiri. Ali pamalo apadera oponderezedwa pamunda.
Akazi amasonkhana mozungulira yamphongo ndipo yamphongo imabwera ndi yomwe amamenyera nayo pambuyo pake. Amakonza tambala ngati ndewu. Zotsatira zake, awiriawiri amapangidwa.
Chisa chimakonzedwa ndi mkazi pawokha. Amusankhira malo kumunda wokhala ndi udzu wautali. Pachisa, amakumba pansi mpaka 20 cm mulifupi mpaka 10 cm. Amadziphimba pang'ono ndi udzu ndi namsongole.
Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri kuyambira mazira 3-5, pamakhala milandu ikakhala mpaka 11 mwa iyo, yofiira ndi kachitsotso kofiira. Kukula kwa mazirawo ndi 50 mm kutalika ndi 35 mm mulifupi. Ndi mkazi yekhayo amene amachita mazira, koma amuna nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi.
Mbalameyi imakhala mwamphamvu kwambiri pamazirawo, osawasiya ngakhale patakhala zoopsa pafupi, ndichifukwa chake imamwalira nthawi zambiri. Anapiye amaswa mwezi. Makolo onsewa amawasamalira. Mkazi amatsogolera anapiye kuzungulira malowo atangouma. Mbalamezi zimayamba kuuluka patatha mwezi umodzi, koma sizisiya amayi awo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pakakhala zoopsa, yamphongo imayesera kutenga anawo, nthawi yomweyo wamkazi amatenga mdani, ndikupatutsa chiwopsezo kuchokera anapiye. Anapiye amadya mofanana ndi akuluakulu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mwana wam'ng'onoyu ndi zaka 15 mpaka 20.
Kusaka pang'ono kwa bustard
M'malo ena komwe kuchuluka kwa ma bustard ang'onoang'ono okwera, kuloledwa kuwombera pansi pa layisensi. Pali njira zitatu zosakira bustard:
- ndi galu;
- kuchokera pakhomo;
- kukwera.
Ndi galu, kusaka kumayamba panthawi yomwe anapiye ayamba kuwuluka, koma sanaphatikizane ndi gulu lankhosa. Nthawi yosaka imakhala milungu itatu. Nthawi zambiri amatenga ma spaniel ndi zolozera posaka. Amayenda bwino nyengo yotentha kudzera tchire. Mutha kusaka madzulo, koma nthawi yotentha, kusaka kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri.
Fufuzani ana pa udzu wautali pafupi ndi minda. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti akazi amatsogolera ana awo kutali wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chake, atakumana chimodzi, zikuwonekeratu kuti ena akuyenda kwinakwake pafupi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mkazi amatenga koyamba kuti atenge zoopsa zake kuchokera ku anapiye, sangathe kuwomberedwa.
Nthawi zambiri ana amabalalika ndikubisala. Mwana amatha kugona pansi osasunthika, kusiya galu pafupi kwambiri. Kusaka kumapitilira mpaka mbalame zitachoka m'nyengo yozizira.
Kusaka pakhomo kumatanthauza kuti mbalame ziyenera kuwomberedwa m'mbali mwa misewu yomwe zimapita kukadya. Mbalame ikawona kavalo, pamafunika kuyendetsa mwakachetechete.
Kusaka kwambiri kumatanthauza kuti ngolo ikuyendetsa pamunda kupita pagulu la mbalame. Mmodzi wa alenjewo amapita pakatunduyo, ndipo wachiwiri pakadali pano amalumpha m'galimotoyo ndikunyamula nawo paketiyo. Chifukwa chake, chidwi cha ma bustard ang'onoang'ono chimabalalika ndipo ndikosavuta kuwombera.
"Chifukwa chiyani uyenera kudziwa komwe kuli bustard wamng'onoyu?" Mbalame yoseketsa iyi yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Ndipo izi sizangochitika mwangozi. Alenje ambiri amasangalala kuti aziisaka nthawi yomwe amayenda.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbalameyi sikhala m'minda yolimidwa ndi anthu. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu ya mbalame yatsika kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwake.
Pali magulu apadera a anthu omwe amapita kukatenga mazira a mbalame kuti awaike m'makina opangira ndikuwamasula ataswa.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti nyama ya mbalameyi ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali, koma ngati atapatsidwa njira zowuma kuti azisunge ndi kuziteteza, pakapita nthawi imatha kutha ngati mtundu.
