Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a khwangwala
Khwangwala - Iyi ndi imodzi mwazombalame zazikulu kwambiri za khwangwala kuchokera pagulu la khwangwala. Mbalameyi imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri ndipo imatha kudabwitsa ambiri.
Khwangwala amafanana kwambiri ndi rook, koma amasiyana kukula kwake. Ndi chokulirapo komanso chokulirapo. Kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi masentimita 70. Kulemera kwa thupi la amuna ndi akazi ndikosiyana; ndi pachizindikiro ichi kuti mawonekedwe azakugonana awonekera.
Kulemera kwa amuna kumafikira magalamu opitilira 1500, pomwe kulemera kwazimayi sikudutsa magalamu 1350. Komanso, kusiyana kumawonedwa m'litali mwa mapiko, mwa amuna chizindikiro ichi ndi pafupifupi 450 mm, ndipo mwa akazi pafupifupi 400 mm. Kwa ena onse, palibe kusiyana pakati pa kugonana komwe kunawonedwa mu mbalamezi.
Mtundu wa akazi ndi abambo ndi wofanana. Akhwangwala Ndi mbalame zakuda mwamtheradi. Koma akhwangwala akuda pokhapokha poyang'ana koyamba. Mukayang'anitsitsa mbalamezo kwakanthawi komanso kwakanthawi, mudzawona kupezeka kwa mithunzi yapadera komanso utoto womwe umapanga sewero lapadera ndi kuwala.
Pamutu, pakhosi ndi mapiko, mutha kuwona utoto wofiirira kapena wofiirira, koma pansi pake pa thupi pali utoto wonyezimira wachitsulo. Mukawala kowala, mutha kuwonanso utoto wobiriwira wa nthengawo. Mdima Wakuda, yomwe imasiyana ndi mbalame zina zamtundu wakuda wakuda wa mphalapala, osatekeseka - iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yomwe imangofunika kukhala ndi nthenga zokongola zitasungunuka.
Koma mwina mwamvapo mawu akuti "Khwangwala woyera". Zachidziwikire, kwakukulukulu, idakhala mtundu wofotokozera munthu yemwe sali ngati aliyense. Koma m'chilengedwe kulidi akhwangwala oyera... Ichi ndi chodabwitsa chapadera chachilengedwe chomwe chimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Liwu la khwangwala limadziwika bwino kwa aliyense yemwe ali ndi khwangwala lalikulu, koma kupatula izi, mbalameyi imatha kupanga mawu ena, ngati "kruh" ndi "tok".
Khwangwala amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zanzeru kwambiri; asayansi ambiri amati mbalamezi ndizanzeru. Kuti mutsimikizire izi, zoyesa zingapo zidachitika momwe khwangwala adawululira luso lake loganiza mosayembekezereka. Mwachitsanzo, kuti amwe madzi ochokera mumtsuko, khwangwala amaponyera zinthu zosiyanasiyana (miyala, nthambi) mmenemo kuti madzi akwere ndipo mbalameyo imatha kuthetsa ludzu lake. Monga kuyesera uku kunawonetsera, khwangwala amadziwa malamulo osavuta kwambiri a sayansi omwe alipo mdziko lathuli.
Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi amati khwangwala amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito manja. Izi ndizosowa kwambiri mdziko la mbalame. Monga mwana wamng'ono, khwangwala amatenga chinthu pakamwa pake, potero amakopa mbalame zina, ndipo pambuyo pake amalankhula chinenero chamanja.
Palinso zambiri zakuti mbalame yapaderayi imakhala ndi mtundu wosavomerezeka - kuleza mtima. Nthawi zina sikuti munthu aliyense amatha kudzitama ndi izi, koma ndizofanana ndi akhwangwala. Nthawi zina, m'malo mopupuluma, khwangwala amakonda kudikirira komanso kudekha.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa khwangwala
Khwangwala amakhala m'malo akulu: Europe, Asia, North ndi Central America, North Africa. Malo okhala Raven osiyanasiyana, amapezeka nkhalango, mapiri ngakhale m'matauni.
Khwangwala amapezeka chaka chonse, koma m'malo ena okhala, komabe, kusamuka kwa mbalamezi kwadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, ku Caucasus ndi ku Turkmenistan kudera lamapiri, si mbalame zonse zomwe zimatsalira m'malo awo, zambiri zimangoyendayenda.
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, chifukwa pamakhala mwayi wambiri wopeza chakudya. Malo otayira zinyalala amawerengedwa kuti ndi malo ena osangalatsa akhwangwala; ndipamalo pomwe zinyalala zimasonkhanitsidwa pomwe mbalame zambiri zimadziwika.Anthu akhwangwala si ambiri, m'malo ena ndi mbalame yosowa.
Khwangwala ndiwanzeru kwambiri ndipo amatha kusungidwa kunyumba, ndizotheka kuphunzitsa ndi kuweta. Koma nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zingabuke. Khwangwala ndi mbalame zokwiya komanso zamwano, amakonda kubwezera komanso kuchita nsanje kwambiri. Khwangwala amadziphatika kwa munthu m'modzi, ndipo zimakhalitsa moyo wake wonse.
Kwa ana aang'ono, akhwangwala ndi ngozi yayikulu, chifukwa chake kuli bwino kupewa kulumikizana kwawo mwamseri. Khwangwala amakonda kuwononga chilichonse, mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wamphamvu ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa pamapazi awo, amawononga ndikuphwanya zinthu zambiri mnyumba. Mwachitsanzo, amawononga zida, nsalu zopukutira, kung'amba mapepala pamakoma. Khwangwala ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa, chifukwa chake, ukhondo wake ndi ukhondo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwambiri.
Koma palinso zabwino zosunga chiweto chotere, choyambirira ndichachilendo, chachiwiri, khwangwala ndi mbalame yanzeru kwambiri, chachitatu, atha kuphunzitsidwa kuyankhula, chachinayi, khwangwala adzakhala mnzake wokhulupirika ndipo, motsimikiza, sangapereke zovuta.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa akhwangwala kuthengo, akhwangwala, mwatsoka, alibe moyo wautali chonchi, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi zaka 15. Nthawi yomweyo, pamakhala milandu pomwe akhwangwala amakhala zaka 40, 50, komanso zaka zoposa 60.
Ngati mumapereka zabwino ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti mbalameyo imatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. M'nthano ndi zamatsenga, akhwangwala adadziwika kuti ndi zaka 300 za moyo, koma asayansi sanalembe milandu ngati imeneyi.
Akhwangwala ndi mbalame zokhulupirika kwambiri, amakhala ndi amuna okhaokha, ndiye kuti, posankha bwenzi, amakhala naye moyo wawo wonse osamusintha. Kutha msinkhu ndi kufunitsitsa kubereka khwangwala amapezeka zaka ziwiri.
Amuna ndi akazi onse amagwira ntchito yomanga zisa. Monga lamulo, chisa chimakhala pamwamba pamtunda panthambi zamtengo wamphamvu, wolimba. Nthambi, nthawi zina zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pomanga. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatengedwa pamodzi ndi matope kapena dongo.
Kukhalirana ndi mbalame kumachitika mu February, koma kuikira mazira kumagwa mu Marichi. Mkaziyo amaikira mazira 4 mpaka 6 ndi nthawi yochepa ya tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Mazirawo ali ndi mtundu wosazolowereka, ali ndi imvi-buluu ndimitundu yakuda. Osati yaikazi yokha, komanso yamphongo imafungatira mazira masiku 20.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimangopanga kamodzi kokha pachaka, koma ngati chisa chiwonongedwa atangoyikira mazirawo, ndiye kuti mwina wamkazi amayikiranso kachiwiri.
Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa anapiye, onse awiri amadyetsedwa, popeza ana awo ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo amafunika kuwasamalira. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5, anapiye amayamba kuchoka pachisa ndikukhala odziimira pawokha. Poyamba, mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo, koma pakapita nthawi zimasiyana. Pofika nyengo yozizira, amakhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Chakudya cha khwangwala
Khwangwala ndi mbalame yomwe samakonda kwenikweni chakudya, imakhala yopatsa chidwi. Nthawi zambiri khwangwala amachita zinthu mwadongosolo, chifukwa chakudya chake chimakhala chakufa. Chifukwa chake, si zachilendo kuwona akhwangwala awo ali m'malo otayira zinyalala, pafupi ndi malo ophera nyama, m'malo otayira zinyalala.
Koma khwangwala sangasamale kapena kusaka. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, anapiye ndi mazira ochokera ku zisa zowonongeka, nsomba, kafadala, molluscs ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri. Zakudya zamasamba zimapezekanso pazakudya, mbalame zimasangalala kudya zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso, mtedza.
Chithunzi cha khwangwala pachikhalidwe
Khwangwala - mbalame yapadera komanso yosabwereza, yodabwitsa komanso yanzeru kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake opanga ambiri okongola adapereka ntchito yawo kwa mbalameyi. Chithunzi cha khwangwala chikuwululidwa kwambiri mu nthano, zolemba, nyimbo, makanema komanso masewera. Ndikufuna ndikuwonetseni nthano za Ivan Andreevich Krylov, wotchedwa "Khwangwala".
"Khwangwala"
I.A. Krylov
Pamene simukufuna kukhala oseketsa
Gwiritsitsani mutu womwe mudabadwira.
Wodziwika bwino sagwirizana ndi olemekezeka:
Ndipo ngati Karla adalengedwa,
Ndiye musafikire zimphona
Ndipo kumbukirani kutalika kwanu pafupipafupi,
Kumata nthenga ya peacock kumchira,
Khwangwala ndi Pavami adapita kokayenda modzikuza -
Ndipo amaganiza kuti pa iye
Achibale ndi mabwenzi ake akale
Aliyense adzawoneka ngati chozizwitsa;
Kuti ndi mlongo wa onse Pavam
Ndipo nthawi yake yafika
Khalani okongoletsa bwalo la Juno.
Kodi chipatso cha kudzikuza kwake ndi chiyani?
Kuti adang'ambidwa ndi Pavami mozungulira,
Ndipo izo, zikuwathawa iwo, pafupifupi kuwombana,
Osanenapo mlendo
Pali nthenga zochepa zomwe zatsala pa iye ndi zake.
Iye anali kubwerera kwawo; koma onse
Sanazindikire akhwangwala omata,
Adazula khwangwala mokwanira,
Ndipo ntchito zake zidatha
Kuti adatsalira kumbuyo kwa akhwangwala,
Koma sanadziphatike pa Pavam.
Ndikufotokozera nthano iyi.
Matryona, mwana wamkazi wamalonda, amaganiza kuti wagwa,
Kuti alowe m'banja lolemekezeka.
Chopereka chake ndi theka la miliyoni.
Adapereka Matryona ku baron.
Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Achibale atsopano akumuseka maso ake
Mosiyana ndi mfundo yakuti iye anabadwa bourgeois.
Ndi wakale chifukwa adadzikokera yekha kwa wolemekezeka:
Ndipo Matryona wanga adakhala
Palibe Pava kapena Khwangwala.
