Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala wodula mitengo m'chilengedwe
Kuyambira kale, aliyense amadziwa phokoso la kuwombera m'nkhalango, komwe mumamvera mosangalala ndikusangalala ngati mwana: woponda nkhuni! M'nthano, amatchedwa dokotala wa nkhalango ndipo amapatsidwa mawonekedwe a wantchito wosatopa, wokoma mtima komanso wolimbikira kukhazikitsa zinthu mwadongosolo komanso kupereka chithandizo. Kodi iye ndi wotani kwenikweni?
Banja la Woodpecker
Banja la nkhalango ndi lalikulu kwambiri, lokhazikika pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica, Australia ndi zilumba zingapo. Ndizovuta kuwerengera mitundu yawo yonse: malinga ndi kuyerekezera kovuta, pali anthu opitilira 200 okhala ambiri, ndipo boma la ena silidziwika kwenikweni, ena adadziwika kale kuti atha. Pali mitundu 14 ya mbalame zamatabwa ku Russia.
Mverani kwa wodula nkhuni
Malo ogawa amadalira nkhalango: zochulukirapo, zomata zamitengo zimazika pamenepo. M'nkhalango iliyonse mumakhala zitsa ndi zithunthu zakale zowola, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti odula mitengo amakhala ndi ntchito. Mbalameyi imakhutira ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso zowuma.
Achibale apafupi kwambiri a Woodpeckers ndi ma toucans ndi maupangiri a uchi, mbalame zosowa ku Russia. Woodpeckers alibe chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chake Imfa ya nkhalango Nthawi zambiri amaukiridwa ndi akabawi, njoka, ma martens, amphaka ndi nyama zina zolusa. Munthu amathandizanso kwambiri pogwira mbalame pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Koma odulira mitengo siamasewera osaka.
Pachithunzicho, woponda matabwa wawung'ono
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame ya Woodpecker
Woodpeckers ndi mitundu yachilendo modabwitsa ndipo imasiyana mosiyanasiyana: kuyambira ang'ono, masentimita 8 kutalika, mpaka akulu, omwe thupi lawo limafikira 60 cm.
- Miyendo yaying'ono yazitali zinayi yopindika mkatikati.
- Mlomo wonyezimira ndiponso wolimba.
- Lilime loipa, loonda komanso lalitali kwambiri, longa ulusi.
- Malo ofiira pamutu.
- Mchira wololera komanso wolimba womwe uli ndi nthenga za mchira.
Kapangidwe ka nsombazi kamalumikizidwa modabwitsa ndi ntchito yake yayikulu - swotting. Mchira umakhala ngati mchirikizo, nthenga zimathandiza kugwirana, mlomo umapangidwa kuti ugwetse makungwa olimba, ndipo lilime limapangidwa kuti litenge nyama.
Ogwiritsira ntchito mitengo nthawi zonse amapeza mtengo wodwala kapena wovunda kuti ukhale wabowo.
Chokha chomwe mbalameyi imachita ndi chakuti mlomowo umagwira ntchito ngati wopanga jackhammer pafupipafupi 10 kumenya pamphindikati. Ndipo lilime lokakamira lomwe limadutsa mphuno yakumanja ya mulomoyo imatha kuchoka pa masentimita 5 mpaka 15 mumitundumitundu ya nkhalango kuti itulutse tizilomboti m'ming'alu. Pamphepete mwa lilime pamakhala zokopa zakuthwa zomwe nyama imakankhidwira. Pamutu pa mbalameyi, lilime limakulunga chigaza. Kupuma woponda nkhuni mphuno yamanzere yokha.
Moyo wa Woodpecker
Woodpeckers ndi mbalame zokhazikika zomwe zimangokakamizidwa kuyendayenda chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Koma, atasunthira, pobwerera, sadzasonkhananso. Ndege zazing'ono zimapangidwa chifukwa chosakhazikika, ludzu lowerenga thunthu lililonse. Kuuluka kwa nkhwangwa kumakhala kofanana ndi matalikidwe akulu okwera ndi kutsika.
Pafupifupi samatsikira pansi, samakhala omasuka, osazololedwa kukhala owongoka. Amakhala okha, osapanga zigawo. Woodpeckers samacheza ndi oimba ena am'nkhalango; nthawi zina amatha kuwoneka pakati pa abale awo chifukwa chamisonkhano m'malo odyera ambiri.
Woodpecker amaponyera nkhuni mpaka 10 kugunda pamphindikati
Mbalame zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri zikuwerenga mitengo. Kuuluka ndi thunthu lina woponda nkhuni amakhala pansi, kenako ndikukwera pamwambapa. Sikhala pamitengo ndi nthambi zopingasa, silitsika mozondoka, kuyenda kwa mbalameyo kumayang'ana m'mwamba kapena kumbali, izi zimathandizidwa ndi nthenga za mchira, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati kasupe.
Maonekedwe odziwika a woponda matabwa atakhala pamtengo amapitilizabe ngakhale usiku, akaimitsidwanso muboola pamtunda ndikugona. Mitengo yonse yamatabwa imapanga maenje, koma nthawi yolengedwa kwawo ndiyosiyana. Kwenikweni, zimatenga masabata awiri, ngakhale pali zitsanzo zakumanga kwa dzenje lopangira matabwa kwazaka zingapo.
Kusankha nkhuni kumagwirizana ndi mtundu wa nkhuni: sankhani fumbi lofewa, lofanana ndi mtima, ngati aspen. Anthu ambiri otema mitengo amasintha nyumba zawo mchaka chatsopano, ndipo zakale zimasiyidwa ndi akadzidzi, zigololo ndi anthu ena opanda pokhala.
Kujambula ndi katsamba wobiriwira
Woponda - mbalame mokweza komanso mokweza, sikuti imangopanga phokoso lokha potulutsa, komanso imanjenjemera nthambi ndi nthambi, zomwe zimamveka mpaka kilomita imodzi ndi theka. Mwini nyimbo yachitsulo imapereka trill yayifupi komanso pafupipafupi.
Mverani ma trill a Woodpecker
Chakudya cha Woodpecker
Chakudya chachikulu m'nyengo yotentha ndi mbozi zamatabwa: tizilombo, mphutsi zawo, chiswe, nyerere, nsabwe za m'masamba. Ndizosangalatsa kuti woponda mitengo amapeza chakudya chokha kuchokera kuzomera zodwala komanso zowola, osakhudza mitengo yathanzi.
Koma kusonkhanitsa kosavuta sikunali kwachilendo kwa iye, chifukwa chake, zipatso ndi mbewu za zomera zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pazakudya, wolimbana ndi nkhwangwa, nkhono, mbalame zazing'ono zopita, mazira awo ndi anapiye.
M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chachikulu chimakhala ndi mbewu ndi mtedza womwe umapezeka kuchokera kuma cones a conifers. Wogwiritsira ntchito nkhuni amakhazikitsa ma smithies athunthu poyika ma cones m'ming'alu ndikuthyola ndi milomo yake. M'nkhalango, mumatha kupeza mapiri a mankhusu pantchito yotere. Nthawi zina amapanga zovala. Mu chisanu, mbalame zimatha kuyandikira mizinda, kumadya chakudya chonyansa ndi zowola.
M'malo mozizira madzi m'nyengo yozizira, mbalame imameza chipale chofewa, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe imakonda kuyamwa birch kapena mapulo, ikumenya makungwa a mitengo. Masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono zamasamba zimakhalanso chakudya.
Kuswana kwa Woodpecker ndi moyo wautali
Nyengo yamatabwa yamitengo yamatabwa imayamba mchaka. Atasankha chisankho, mbalamezo zimamanga dzenje. Amagwiranso ntchito, pansi pake pamakhala tchipisi. Pofuna kuteteza anawo kwa adani, amapanga makomo awiri ang'onoang'ono ndi kuwaphimba ndi nthambi, ndipo nthawi zina amaika malo awo pansi pa bowa.
Mazira oyera 3-7 amatuluka nawonso, ndipo pakatha masiku 15 anapiye oyamba amayamba kuwonekera. Maonekedwe awo alibe chochita: amaliseche, akhungu, ogontha. Koma patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, cholowa chatsopanocho chimalira kuti alenje awapeze mosavuta. Popeza sanaphunzire kuuluka, akuthamanga kale pamtengo.
Pachithunzicho pali mwana wankhuku
Chaka chotsatira, kutha msinkhu kumayamba, koma kale m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba, makolo mwankhanza amathamangitsa achichepere, chifukwa ndizosavuta kuti nkhwangwa zizidyetsa. Mitengo yamitengo yamitundumitundu imakhala m'malo achilengedwe kwa zaka 5 mpaka 11.
Mitengo yamatabwa ku Russia
M'nkhalango za Russia, nthumwi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhwangwa zimakhala pakati pawo, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri
- wakuda kapena wachikasu
- motley chachikulu,
- motley yaying'ono,
- tsitsi laimvi zitatu,
- wobiriwira.
Mdima wakuda kwambiri woponda matabwa wamkulu, Kulemera mpaka magalamu 300, kuchokera kwa anthu okhala ndi mitengo yamatabwa m'dziko lathu. Zimasiyana ndi zina polowera chowulungika muboola lalikulu. Chinthu china chapadera ndi trill yayitali komanso yayikulu, yomwe imawonedwa ngati kuyitana kwa abale.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame yakuda yakuda
Zazikulu ndi zazing'ono woponda matabwa - mitundu iyi ndi ina mwa zokongola kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka m'mapaki ndi m'malire amizinda. Wamng'ono, kukula kwake kwa mpheta, amakhala ku Caucasus, ndi Primorye, ku Sakhalin. Amadziwika kuti ndi achangu kwambiri komanso achangu kwambiri.
Kujambulidwa ndi woponda matabwa wowoneka bwino
Wokonza matabwa wokhala ndi tsitsi laimvi - wokhala m'nkhalango zakumpoto za coniferous. Ndiwosusuka kwambiri: patsiku amatha kutulutsa spruce wamtali kuti apeze kafadala. Dzinali limalankhula zakuphazi lakumbuyo komwe kusowa. Wokolola wobiriwira, mosiyana ndi achibale ake, amayenda bwino pansi kufunafuna mbozi ndi mbozi. Amakonda mazira a nyerere, omwe amathyola m'mipiringidzo.
Pachithunzicho pali nkhwangwa yamutu imvi itatu
Kusunga nkhwangwa mu ukapolo
Utsi wowala ndi ntchito za mbalame zimawapangitsa kukhala zinthu zokopa kuti asungidwe mu ukapolo. Za woponda nkhuni kunyumba, amadziwika kuti ndikosavuta kuweta, ngakhale ntchentche mpaka dzinalo, koma kuti apange mlengalenga, pamafunika ndege zazikulu zokhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu.
Kuyankhulana ndi mbalame kumafuna kusamala, chifukwa zimatha kuvulaza ndikamenyedwa pakamwa pawo. Ngati mutha kupanga kona yakuthengo ya nkhalango, ndiye kuti adzakhala wokondedwa, kulumikizana komwe kumakupatsani mphindi zabwino zambiri.
