Loshak

Loshak Ndi nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zomwe zimawoneka ngati bulu. M'chilengedwe, sizichitika, chifukwa ndi zotsatira za ntchito zosankha anthu. Nyama ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi abulu ndi nyulu potengera mphamvu yogwira ntchito, chifukwa chake, sizodziwika kwenikweni. Kuswana kwa mahatchi otere kumachitika makamaka m'maiko aku Central Asia.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Loshak

Loshak ndi mtanda pakati pa stallion ndi bulu wamkazi. Kuswana kwa nyama izi, komanso nyulu, zidayamba kuchitidwa kwa nthawi yayitali - ku Middle Ages. Mitundu yoyamba yamadzimadzi ndi yamatope inapezeka ku Central Asia. Kenako anthu adaphunzira msanga kuswana ziweto ku Iran, Egypt.

Munthu adayesetsa kupanga ndikukula antchito. Ntchito yayikulu inali kupeza nyama zomwe zitha kugwira bwino ntchito komanso kupirira. Anthu aku Middle Ages adayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nyama ngati antchito m'nyumba kapena ngati njira zoyendera. Ntchito ina yofunikira ndikutha kutsagana ndi asirikali kumakampeni atali, kunyamula osati okwera pamahatchi okha, komanso zida zonse ndi mayunifolomu a asirikali.

Kanema: Loshak

Mitundu yoyamba ya ziweto idafunikira kwambiri pakati paanthu osamukasamuka komanso oyendayenda. Oimira akazi adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yonyamulira, ndipo amuna adalembedwa ntchito yolemetsa kapena yonyamula zinthu zolemetsa. Kuphatikizidwa pantchito yolimba nthawi zambiri kumachitika ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri.

Pambuyo pake, pamene obereketsa anayamba kubzala nyulu zambiri, adazindikira kuti nyamazi ndizosavuta kuswana, popeza ndizovuta pakudya, sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo ndizolimba kwambiri. Masiku ano, nyulu imapezeka kokha m'maiko aku Central Asia, Africa, zigawo zina za America. M'mayiko ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita nawo masewera othamanga mahatchi.

Chifukwa cha kusankha, anthu amakhala ndi mitundu itatu yophatikiza:

• paketi;
• mangani;
• kukwera.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Loshak m'chilengedwe

Kunja, nyuluyo ikufanana kwambiri ndi bulu. Kutalika kwa thupi pakufota kumayambira masentimita 105 mpaka 160. Kulemera kwa thupi kumadalira gulu la nyamayo: Nyama zolowetsa zolemera zolemera makilogalamu 300 mpaka 500, ndikunyamula nyama kuchokera pa 280 mpaka 400 kilogalamu. Mtundu wa chinyama umachokera kwathunthu kwa mayi. Pali mitundu ingapo yosankha nyama. Nyama zimatha kukhala zowala, zofiirira, zofiira, zofiirira, kapena zakuda. Makhalidwe akunja, kuphatikiza kutalika, zimadalira makamaka mawonekedwe a makolo omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwoloka.

Bulu nthawi zonse amakhala ndi makutu amfupi, omwe amalandira kuchokera ku stallion. Pakuwoneka kwa bulu, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimakumbukira kwambiri za mahatchi. Kapangidwe ka thunthu ndi miyendo ndizofanana ndi za akavalo. Bulu ali ndi khosi lalifupi kwambiri, lalifupi komanso lamutu wawung'ono. Thupi ndi lamphamvu komanso lokhazikika. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, monga akavalo, nyuluyo imakhala ndi mabang'i, mane ndi mchira wautali.

Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, posatengera mawonekedwe akunja a makolo, chiwonetsero chazakugonana ndimakhalidwe a hybridi. Zazikazi ndizokulirapo ndikukula kuposa amuna.

Bulu ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimadziwika ndi iye yekha:

• mzere wolunjika kumbuyo;
• maso owoneka ngati amondi;
• khosi lolunjika, lalifupi komanso lakuda;
• miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi minofu yotukuka ndi ziboda zazitali;
• otsika, afota pang'ono.

Kodi bulu amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Loshak ku Russia

Central Asia imawerengedwa ngati dziko lakwawo la nyulu. Masiku ano mayiko aku Central Asia amakhalabe malo omwe hybral-stallion hybrids amakhalabe ofunidwa.

Kodi nyulu zimakhala kuti kuphatikiza ku Central Asia:

1. Korea;
2. dera la Transcarpathia;
3. madera akumwera kwa Europe;
4. Maiko aku Africa;
5. Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
6. South America.

Loshakov ndizosavuta kusunga, popeza sizikakamira kuti zizisungidwa komanso kupezeka chakudya. Nyama zimasungidwa m'madera omwe anthu amagwira ntchito molimbika, kulima, kukolola mbewu zazikulu, ndikumenya nkhondo kwanthawi yayitali. Zimakhala zosasunthika m'mapiri, pomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu kuchokera kwina kupita kwina.

Chosangalatsa: Ubwino wa nyama ndizapadera za ziboda. Palibe chifukwa chovala nsapato nyamazo, koma ngakhale popanda nsapato za akavalo, zimadutsa mosavuta m'mapiri, m'matope, misewu yokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa.

M'kati mwa Africa, komanso ku South ndi North America, ma ungulates amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zida, zipolopolo ndi mayunifolomu ankhondo. M'mayiko ena, mothandizidwa ndi iwo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyala kuchokera kumigodi ndi malo omwe amapezako kumadera osiyanasiyana kwakhazikitsidwa.

Palibe zofunikira zakusunga nyamayo. Amangofunika zofunda zokhazikika komanso zowuma, komanso madzi ndi chakudya chokwanira. Komanso, obereketsa nyama osazindikira kuti ndibwino kuti nthawi zina azitsuka ziboda zawo ndikupesa tsitsi lawo ndi mane. Ngati nyuluyo ili ndi chakudya ndi madzi okwanira, imatha kupirira nyengo iliyonse komanso nyengo.

Kodi hinny amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: White hinny

Kumbali ya zakudya, bulu sapereka mavuto kwa eni ake. Okhazikitsa osakaniza amafunika kupereka mapuloteni okwanira kuti apange minofu yokwanira.

Zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya:

• udzu;
• nthambi;
• zipatso zatsopano - maapulo;
• amadyera;
• masamba - mbatata, chimanga, kaloti;
• dzinthu - phala, rye;
• nyemba.

Dziko lakumtunda ndi mtundu wa mphalapala ndi bulu, chifukwa chake chakudya cha hinny chimaphatikiza kudyetsa kwa bulu ndi kavalo. Maziko a chakudyacho ndi udzu, kapena wobiriwira, zomera zatsopano, udzu. Kuchuluka kwa udzu womwe nyama imafunikira tsiku ndi tsiku kumadalira kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi. Pafupifupi, hinnie m'modzi amafunika ma kilogalamu 6-8 a udzu kapena masamba obiriwira ndi ma 3-3.5 kilogalamu a chisakanizo choyenera. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumatha kugulidwa kapena kukonzekera nokha mwa kusakaniza masamba, zipatso, chimanga.

Kwa ana amphongo, osachepera makilogalamu 3-4 a udzu wosankhidwa kapena udzu wobiriwira amafunika tsiku lililonse. Ndikukula kwa chinyama, pang'onopang'ono pakufunika kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndikuwonjezera zakudya zake. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nyama ipeze madzi okwanira tsiku lililonse. M'nyengo yotentha, kufunika kwamadzi kumawonjezereka.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Loshak

Chikhalidwe cha bulu chili ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa zonse. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimalandira kuuma mtima ndi kusamvera kuchokera kwa amayi awo. Akatswiri a zinyama amanena kuti ndizosatheka kuneneratu pasadakhale kuti ndi mtundu wanji wosakanizidwa womwe ungalandire kuchokera kwa amayi ake, omwe kuchokera kwa abambo awo. Pamodzi ndi kuuma mtima, bata, kudziletsa, kusasinthasintha komanso kupirira kwakukulu zimakhazikika mwa iwo. Nyama zodzaza bwino zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali - mpaka makilomita 10-13 osayima. Makhalidwe amenewa amawerengedwa kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakati pa anthu okhala kumapiri komanso m'malo amisewu ndi madera omwe ali kutali ndi chitukuko ndi midzi.

Akavalo amapanga mawu omwe amafanana ndi mahatchi oyandikira komanso kulira kwa bulu. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi liwiro labwino komanso mtunda wautali. Otsatsa a Hinny amawona kuti kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi mwayi waukulu, womwe umasamalira chisamaliro chawo ndikuwonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nyama. Anthu ena amakhala zaka 60-70, pomwe amakhala atagwira ntchito zaka 30-35.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amasiyanitsa izi:

1. chipiriro;
2. chipiriro;
3. bata;
4. kufunafuna chakudya ndi chisamaliro;
5. kagawo.

Ngati mwiniwake amasamalira bwino nyamayo, amatengeka nayo pang'onopang'ono ndikuyankha moleza mtima ndikumvera. Akatswiri a zinyama amati ndi bwino kutenga nyama kuti zikaphunzitsidwe kuyambira ali aang'ono. Chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kwa iwo kuti azolowere ndikuzolowera zikhalidwe zatsopano, kukhala pafupi ndi munthu.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kukopa nyama kuti igwire ntchito yolemetsa kale kuposa zaka zitatu kapena zitatu ndi theka. Pakatha chaka ndi theka, azitha kusintha ndipo pang'onopang'ono mutha kukulitsa katunduyo.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Nyulu ziwiri

Chimodzi mwazovuta zowonekera kwambiri za bulu ndi kusabereka kwake. Nyama zimawetedwa powoloka mahatchi ndi abulu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, amuna onse obadwa mwanjira imeneyi sangathe kubereka ana. Pakati pa akazi, pakhoza kukhala anthu omwe angathe kubereka ana. Kuperewera uku kumafotokozedwa kuchokera pakuwona kwa sayansi ndi mtundu wina wa chromosome.

Chosangalatsa: Asayansi adakwanitsa kunena kuti azimayi omwe sangatengere ana atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati amayi oberekera, kutanthauza kuti, kubala ana atakhazikika mluza. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kuti abereke ana kuchokera ku mitundu yosawerengeka ya akavalo.

Chifukwa chakuti abambo amakhala osabereka, amatembereredwa akafika zaka ziwiri. Ana obadwa kumene samafuna kudziwa kapena luso lapadera. Muyenera kuwasamalira chimodzimodzi ndi ana ang'onoang'ono. Posankha malo osungira ana, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzizira komanso ma drafti. Ngati ana adabadwa m'nyengo yozizira, amafunika kuti azisungidwa mnyumba yonyamulira yanyumba. Achibwana atha kutulutsidwa panja, koma sayenera kupitilira maola 2.5-3 patsiku.

Poyamba chilimwe, nyama ziyenera kukhala panja nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa nyama ndi zaka 35-40. Mukasungidwa m'malo abwino ndikupatsidwa chisamaliro choyenera, kutalika kwa moyo kumawonjezeka mpaka zaka 50-60.

Adani achilengedwe a nyulu

Chithunzi: Loshak m'chilengedwe

Loshak ndi nyama yomwe imasungidwa kunyumba kokha. Chifukwa chake, alibe adani achilengedwe. Chifukwa cha chitetezo chokhazikika, samadwala kawirikawiri, chifukwa chake palibe matenda ena aliwonse munyama.

Komabe, akatswiri a nyama akufotokozabe mavuto angapo ndikuwopseza moyo ndi thanzi la nyama. Achondroplasia imabweretsa kusintha kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi ana obadwa kumene. Zizindikiro zosintha ndi kudwala kwa ana obadwa kumene ndi kofupikitsika, miyendo yayifupi yokhudzana ndi thupi, ndi thunthu lalifupi kwambiri.

Nyama izi sizodziwika ndi matenda am'mimba, ziboda, matenda am'magazi. M'mbiri yonse yakukhala ndi bulu, matendawa sanalembetsedwepo.

Pali zovuta zingapo zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika munyama izi:

• avitaminosis... Zimachitika ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi, zosayenera kapena zoperewera. Zimadziwikiratu ndi ulesi, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kutayika tsitsi.
• epizootic lymphangitis... Matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha cryptococcus.
• ZINTHU ZINA... Matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya enaake. Ngati hinny amapezeka kuti ali ndi matendawa, amapatsidwa mphamvu, chifukwa amawononga ziweto zina komanso anthu.
• matenda oswana... Wothandizira causative ndi trypanosome. Thupi la nyama limakutidwa ndi zotupa, ziwalo zoberekera zimawonjezeka ndikukhala zowirira, zikawuma kwambiri ziwalo zonse zakumbuyo kwa thupi zimawonedwa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Loshak

Posachedwa, kutchuka ndi kufunikira kwa hybrids zikugwa mofulumira. Izi ndichifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kutuluka kwa makina ambiri azaulimi. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa akatswiri a zoo, lero ziweto za bulu ndi pafupifupi 4,000,000 - 5,000,000. Masiku ano, nyama izi sizofunikira kwenikweni, chifukwa anthu ambiri amakonda kuzisinthanitsa ndi zida zapadera. Komabe, pali madera omwe amakhalabe othandiza kwambiri. Ku America, alimi wamba amalera nyama izi kuseli kwawo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati ntchito.

M'mayiko ena, amaperekedwa makamaka kuti akonzekerere masewera ampikisano, mipikisano. Ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa. Kupatula kumeneku kuli ndi zopinga, chifukwa sangathe kulumpha zopinga zazitali.

Akatswiri a zoologist akuwona kuti mayiko aku Central Asia, Africa, America amakhalabe patsogolo pakupanga ndi kuchuluka kwa osatulutsawa. Masiku ano, azungu samaswana nyama iyi. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimadalira munthuyo komanso kufunika kofalitsa buluyo.

Loshak, monga nyulu, ndi nyama yodekha, yoleza mtima komanso yolimbikira ntchito. Ngati ayamba kukhala wopanda tanthauzo, kapena wamakani, m'pofunika kusanthula mawonekedwe akusamalira nyamayo, mwina kuti adziwitsenso zakudyazo.

Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 04/19/2020

Tsiku losinthidwa: 18.02.2020 pa 19:06