Aravana Ndi nsomba yomwe ili m'gulu la nyama zakale kwambiri zam'madzi. Amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yamphamvu. Itha kusungidwa kunyumba ngati kukula kwa aquarium kumalola. M'mabuku ambiri olemba mabuku, Arawana amapezeka pansi pa dzina "chinjoka cham'nyanja" chifukwa cha mamba ake olimba. Masikelo otere amapanga chigoba chotchedwa wandiweyani choteteza thupi la zamoyo zam'madzi. Komabe, ngakhale ili yolemera, siyimanga nsomba pang'ono ndipo sichepetsa kuyenda kwake. Aravana ndi yamitundumitundu, yosiyana mitundu mitundu, mawonekedwe amthupi ndi kukula kwake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Aravana
Aravana ndi ya nyama zachilendo, amapatsidwa gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray, dongosolo la Aravana, banja la Aravana, mtundu ndi mitundu ya Aravana. Masiku ano akatswiri azachipatala amasiyanitsa pafupifupi nsomba mazana awiri. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti nthumwi za zomera ndi zinyama za m'nyanja zinalipo padziko lapansi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo.
Zinthu zakale zotsalira za Arawana zimatsimikizira izi. Malinga ndi zotsalira zakale kwambiri zomwe zidapezeka, nsomba zidalipo kale munthawi ya Jurassic. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti kuyambira pomwe adawonekera padziko lapansi, sanasinthe mawonekedwe.
Kanema: Aravana
Dziko lakale la nsomba ndi South America. Anthu akale okhala ku kontinentiyi ankatcha nsomba kuti chinjoka cha mwayi. Kuyambira kale anthu amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene amasamala za nsombazi adzakhala wosangalala ndipo mwayi umamwetulira.
M'mayiko aku Asia, kale, nsomba zimkagwidwa ngati chakudya. Kenako azungu adachita chidwi ndi chidwi komanso nsomba zokongola modabwitsa. Anayesetsa kupeza nsomba kuti azisunga m'madzi am'madzi. Anthu aku Europe atayamba kugula mwamphamvu nthumwi za zomera ndi zinyama zam'madzi, mdera lawo lachilengedwe, kulanda anthu ambiri kunayamba, ndipo mtengo wawo udakulirakulira. Mitundu ina yosowa kwambiri komanso yamtengo wapatali imatha kulipira pafupifupi 130 - 150,000 USD.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Aravana amawoneka bwanji
Aravana ili ndi mawonekedwe osowa komanso osangalatsa. Ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wazamoyo zam'madzi. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 120-155. Mukasungidwa m'malo am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, nthawi zambiri kutalika kwa thupi sikudutsa theka la mita. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa munthu wamkulu kumafikira makilogalamu 4-5, makamaka nsomba zazikulu zimatha kulemera pafupifupi 6-6.5 kilogalamu. Oimira awa a zamoyo zam'madzi amakonda kukula mwachangu ndikulemera thupi.
Thupi la nsombayo ndi lalitali, longa riboni, lokumbutsa njoka kapena zimbalangondo zomwe kulibe. Thunthu limapanikizika kuchokera mbali. Nsombayi ili ndi mutu wake wachindunji, wamutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi kamwa yakutsogolo. Tizilomboti tili pamlomo wapansi, womwe, poyenda, umawongoleredwa molunjika. Pansi pamutu pali mtundu wa thumba lomwe limatha kutupa pakufunika.
Nsombazo zili ndi maso akulu. Iwo ali otukuka, ali ndi mwana wowoneka, wamkulu, wakuda. Aravana alibe mano. Zipsepse zomwe zili m'chifuwa ndizochepa. Zipsepse zakumbuyo ndi kumatako zimayambira pakati pa thupi ndipo zimayenda bwino mpaka kumchira, ndikuphatikizana nazo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, nsombazi zimathamanga msanga posaka. Thupi limakhala ndi mamba yolimba, yomwe imaphatikizana ndikupanga chigoba choteteza.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti achinyamata amakhala ndi zipsepse zonyezimira, ena amakhala ndi mikwingwirima mthupi. Ndi ukalamba, mikwingwirima imatha, ndipo zipsepsezo zimakhala zakuda. Mtundu wa masikelo umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo. Komabe, mulimonsemo, mtunduwo ndi wolemera komanso wozama kwambiri.
Zosankha zamitundu ya nsomba:
- ngale;
- miyala yamtengo wapatali;
- buluu;
- Lalanje;
- chakuda;
- siliva;
- golide;
- wobiriwira.
Mitundu yambiri ya achinyamata, mosatengera mtundu waukulu, ili ndi mtundu wabuluu.
Kodi aravana amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Arawana
Dziko lakwawo la nsomba za chinjoka ndi South America. Kale, nsomba zinkapezeka ponseponse m’madera onse otentha. Masiku ano, limakhala pafupifupi m'madzi onse opanda mchere.
Malo okhala ku Arawana:
- madzi ena amchere ku North America;
- Mtsinje wa Amazon;
- Oyapok;
- Essequibo;
- madera akumwera a China;
- Burma;
- Vietnam;
- chigwa cha Guyana;
- Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.
Nsomba zimatha kusangalala m'madzi otsika a oxygen. M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, nsomba m'malo opangira ziweto zimawukitsidwa m'mitsinje yambiri. M'madera okhalamo achilengedwe, nsomba zimasankha malo omwe kulibe mphamvu, bata komanso malo obisika.
Pofuna kusunga nsomba m'malo am'madzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe aquarium yokhala ndi malita osachepera 750, makamaka ngakhale malita 1000. Kuchokera pamwamba, iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro chowoneka bwino. Ndikofunika kuti muziyikapo ndi kuyatsa kwamtunduwu komwe sikungayatse mwadzidzidzi, koma pang'onopang'ono kumayaka pang'onopang'ono. Ndibwino ngati aquarium imapangidwa ndi plexiglass, popeza nsomba ndizolimba komanso zazikulu.
Madzi a m'nyanjayi ayenera kukhala ndi zosefera zamadzi zomwe zimatha kusefa pansi ndikusintha kotala lamadzi sabata iliyonse. Zomera za oimira izi zam'madzi ndi nyama ndizosankha. Amakhala omasuka popanda iwo. Kuuma ndi 8-12, acidity 6.5-7. Nsombazo sizivomereza mwamphamvu zamchere.
Kodi Aravana amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Predatory Arawana
Aravans ndi nyama zolusa mwachilengedwe. Ndiosaka bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kupeza chakudya ngakhale m'madzi osaya m'nkhalango kapena m'nkhalango zodzaza madzi. Akapolo ndi osusuka, komanso osadzichepetsa pakudya. Amatha kudya chilichonse chomwe angagwire.
Chosangalatsa: Pakakhala kuchepa kwa chakudya, milandu yazindikirika nsomba zimadya ndowe za anyani.
Ndi nsomba ziti zomwe zimadya:
- nsomba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- tizilombo ta m'madzi;
- nyongolotsi;
- tizilombo (crickets, May beetles, centipedes);
- achule;
- mbewa;
- nkhanu;
- shirimpi.
Nthawi zambiri, zikakhala mwachilengedwe, zolusa zimasaka mbalame zomwe zimauluka pamwamba pamadzi. Kapangidwe kapadera ka fin kamakupatsani mwayi wothamanga kwambiri mukamasaka
Chosangalatsa: Pisces amatha kuchita virtuoso kudumpha, mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka pamwamba pamadzi.
Mukakhala panyumba m'malo am'madzi am'madzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nyama zodyerazo ndi timatumba ta nsomba, mutha kupatsa ana aang'ono chiwindi cha ng'ombe. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya chouma. Shrimp wowiritsa amatha kudyetsedwa kwa achinyamata. Asanadyetse Arawana, amafunika kuti ayeretse.
Kapangidwe kazipangizo zam'kamwa kapangidwa m'njira yoti nsomba zitha kumeza nyama yayikulu ngati kukula kwa thupi lake. Akatswiri amanena kuti chilombo nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala ndi njala pang'ono. Izi zimafunikira kamodzi kapena kawiri pamlungu kukonzekera masiku osala kudya osadyetsa nsomba. Mukasungidwa m'malo am'madzi am'madzi, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muwonjezere mavitamini pazakudya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Light Aravana
Aravans amaonedwa kuti ndi odyetsa anzeru kwambiri. Amatha kuzindikira mbuye wawo, kudya chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwake, komanso kulola kukhudzidwa. Mwambiri, mwachilengedwe, zilombo zolusa ndizokakamira komanso amakangana kwambiri. Mukasungidwa m'malo am'madzi am'madzi, sangathe kukhala mwamtendere ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba.
Sakonda kugawana malo awo ndi wina aliyense. Anthu ochepa komanso ofooka amakhala pachiwopsezo chodyedwa. Nsomba zokhazokha zofananira zimatha kuonedwa ngati oyandikana nawo, makamaka nawonso nyama zolusa. Ma stingray amakhala bwino ndi Aravans. Amakhala ndi matupi ofanana, zokonda zomwe amakonda komanso amakhala ndimadzi osiyanasiyana, omwe samaphatikizapo mpikisano pakati pawo.
Nyama zolusa zimadziwa bwino malowa, zimakonda kukhala m'malo amchere opanda phokoso komanso ozama kwambiri. M'malo otere amakhala omasuka kwambiri, kumeneko amamverera ngati eni ake kwathunthu. Amasirira kwambiri malo awo okhala.
Ngati nsombazo zimasungidwa m'malo am'madzi a aquarium ndipo pali anthu ena kuwonjezera pa nyamayo, malamulo awa ayenera kutsatira:
- kudyetsa nsombayo munthawi yake komanso yokwanira;
- kutsatira malamulo onse okhudza kusunga nsomba;
- perekani kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi matabwa.
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba zimatha kukhala limodzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi, fractocephalus, mipeni yaku India, ma astronotus.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Madzi Arawana Atsopano
Palibe njira yowetera nsomba kunyumba. Pobereka, nyama zolusa zimafunikira mikhalidwe yapadera, kutentha kwamadzi komanso kusakhala ndi kusiyana kulikonse pazisonyezo.
Mitunduyi imafika pakukula msinkhu wazaka 3-3.5. Kutalika kwa thupi la m'nyanja kukafika masentimita 40-60, kumakhala kokonzeka kubala. Akazi ali ndi ovary imodzi, yomwe imapanga mazira 60-80, omwe ali pamsinkhu wakukhwima. Amuna ali ndi mayeso amodzi osasunthika. Pafupifupi, kukula kwa dzira limodzi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 1.5-2.
Pakutha msinkhu, champhongo chimakonzekera kubereka ndipo chimayamba kusamalira chachikazi. Nthawi yocheza imeneyi imatenga masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo ndipo imathera pomwe mkazi wayamba kuponya mazira. Nthawi zambiri, mdima utayamba, yamphongo imathamangitsa amuna kapena akazi anzawo, ndikuitsatira mozungulira patali.
Ngati mkazi avomereza chidwi chachimuna, ndiye kuti onse pamodzi amayang'ana malo oyenera kuponyera mazira. Mwamuna weniweni samachoka kwa mkazi mpaka nthawi yomwe amayamba kubala. Kuponyera ng'ombe kumachitika magawo angapo. Yaimuna imazisonkhanitsa ndi kuziika pakamwa pake kuti ziziphatikizira. Nthawi yakucha imatha masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Chosangalatsa: Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mwachangu ali mkamwa mwa amuna mpaka atayamba kudya okha. Nthawi imeneyi imakhala mpaka masabata 6-8.
Fry ikafika kukula kwa mamilimita 40-50 ndipo imatha kudyetsa yokha, yamphongo imawatulutsa m'madzi.
Adani achilengedwe a Arawan
Chithunzi: Aravana amawoneka bwanji
Wodya nyama uyu alibe mdani m'malo ake achilengedwe. Amakhala achiwawa kuyambira ali aang'ono. Amakonda kusaka nthumwi zokulirapo komanso zolimba za zomera zam'madzi ndi zinyama. Amasaka mbalame, nyama zazing'ono komanso madzi amchere mosavuta.
Ali pachiwopsezo pachangu. Pazaka izi zokha, amatha kukhala nyama zina zam'madzi. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zolusa zimapatsidwa chitetezo champhamvu, champhamvu. Ngati pali bowa kapena nkhungu m'nyanja yamadzi, nsomba zitha kutenga kachilomboka. Ngati nsombayo ili ndi zolengeza, zipsera, kapena mamba akakhala mitambo, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti muyeretsedwe ka aquariumyo.
Ngati mulibe zosefera mu aquarium, kapena sigwirizana ndi ntchito yoyeretsa madzi. Mitsempha imadziphatika mu nsombazo. Ngati madzi ali okwera kwambiri Ph, nsomba zimasiya kuwona, mtundu wa maso umasintha ndipo maso amakhala mitambo.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, mavuto azaumoyo komanso kufa, ndikofunikira kuwunika zakudya komanso malo osungira madzi oyera. Kuti mukhale omasuka kukhalamo, muyenera kusunga ndikusunga zofunikira zonse.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Aravana
Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi sikuyambitsa vuto lililonse. Zonsezi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 220 ya aravana m'chilengedwe. Onse ali ndi mawonekedwe akunja komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'madzi atsopano a ku South America, mayiko aku South Asia. Ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu, champhamvu, chakudya chochepetsetsa. Chilombocho chimasinthasintha mwanjira iliyonse. Amatha kupezeka m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa wokwanira.
Nthawi zambiri amakonda kukhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja, m'malo am'mbali opanda phokoso komanso kutentha kwa madigiri osachepera 25. Munthawi yamadzi osefukira, nsomba zimatha kuyenda mosavutikira m'nkhalango zamadzi ndipo zimakhala m'madzi osaya. Kuya mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa moyo omasuka ndi chimodzi - theka mita.
M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi aravana yosungidwa m'malo am'madzi. Musanayambe chilombo chachikulu komanso champhamvu chotere, muyenera kudziwa bwino momwe zinthu zilili m'ndende, malamulo a chisamaliro ndi zakudya. Kusasamala bwino komanso kusadya bwino kumayambitsa matenda komanso kufa kwa nsomba.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 23.01.2020
Idasinthidwa: 06.10.2019 pa 1:48
