Lesula - nyani yemwe adapezeka posachedwa. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe ndi ochita kafukufuku amayang'anitsitsa nyamazi, ngakhale kuti akhala akudziwika kale pakati pa aborigines a ku Africa. Anyaniwa ndi achangu ndipo amachita chidwi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Lesula
Dzina lonse la mitunduyi ndi Cercopithecus lomamiensis. Lesulu adapezeka kunyumba kwa aphunzitsi aku Africa mu 2007 ndipo anali mtundu woyamba wa anyani kupezeka kuyambira 2003. Lesula ankadziwika ndi anthu am'deralo kwanthawi yayitali, koma mafotokozedwe asayansi anyaniwo adachitika kokha mu 2007.
Kanema: Lesula
Lesula ndi wa banja la anyani. Nthawi yomaliza yomwe anyani ofiyira ofiira adayikidwa mgulu la anyani anali mu 1984 ku Gabon, chifukwa chake lesula ndiyonso nyani woyamba kudzaikidwa m'banja la nyani mzaka za 21st. Banja la anyani ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa anyani. Zimaphatikizapo anyani amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Banja ligawika m'magulu awiri akulu:
- nyani m'njira yopapatiza. Izi zikuphatikiza anyani, mandrill, gelad, ndi anyani ena omwe ali ndi thupi lolimba. Monga lamulo, michira ya anyani oterewa yafupikitsidwa, amatsogolera makamaka moyo wapadziko lapansi, ndi omnivorous, adatchulira zovuta;
- owonda thupi. Nyani zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala mumitengo. Amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka kubisa. Mchira nthawi zambiri amakhala wautali, koma umakhala wopanda ntchito. Anyaniwa amaphatikizapo ma lesuls, komanso kazis, langurs, nosy ndi anyani ena ambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe lezula amawonekera
Zachidziwikire ndi oimira ochepa pabanja la anyani. Pali mawonekedwe azakugonana pang'ono. Amuna amatha kutalika masentimita 65, kupatula mchira, mpaka 7 kg. Akazi amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40 ndikulemera mpaka 4 kg.
Lesuls ndi bulauni-bulauni muutoto. Tsitsi lamunthu pachikuto chapamwamba ndi lolimba kwambiri, chifukwa chake limapanga timatumba ting'onoting'ono tofanana ndi nthenga. Mtunduwo ndi wowoneka bwino: kumbuyo kwakumtunda kumakhala kofiirira pang'ono, mutu, mimba, khosi ndipo mkati mwa miyendo ndi imvi kapena yoyera. Nyani amakhala ndi ziphuphu zazing'ono zachikaso zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kufalikira ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Zosangalatsa: Lesul amatchedwa anyani omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi anthu.
Miyendo yakumbuyo ya lesul ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo, koma zala zakumiyendo zonse ziwiri zimapangidwanso bwino. Ndi anyaniwo, amatenga nthambi za mitengo. Mchirawo unali wautali kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa thupi la nyani. Kuchokera kutalika kwake kumatha kuweruzidwa kuti ma lesuls nthawi zambiri amalumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, pomwe mchira umakhala ngati "chiwongolero".
Mbali yakutsogolo ya lesul ndi pinki ndipo ilibe tsitsi. Ali ndi mphuno yayitali, yopyapyala yokhala ndi khungu lolimba, nsagwada zochepa bwino, ndi maso akulu ofiira kapena obiriwira. Tizitsulo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timapachikika m'maso, ndikupanga makutu.
Kodi lesula amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Lesula ku Africa
Lesula adapezeka posachedwa, chifukwa chake kafukufuku wokhudza malo amtunduwu akupitilizabe.
Zinatsimikizika kuti lesul amakhala m'malo awa:
- Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Central Africa;
- pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Lomami;
- Mtsinje wa Chuala.
Anyani amapezeka kudera la equator ku Africa, amakonda nyengo zam'malo otentha. Pali kutsutsana pazomwe amachita pamoyo wawo, koma zina mwazotheka zitha kutengera mawonekedwe anyani.
Mwachitsanzo, titha kunena molondola kuti oimira anyaniwa amakhala m'mitengo mofananira ndi abale awo apafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma lesuls amatha kugwiritsabe nthambi zowonda chifukwa chochepa thupi. Kapangidwe ka miyendo ya lezul, momwe miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo, sikuwalola kuti azitha kuthamanga bwino, koma amawalola kuti adumphire patali.
Mchira wa lesul umawonetsanso momwe amakhalira moyo wosakhazikika. Zimasinthidwa kuti zizilamulira kulumpha - pakuthawa, nyani amatha kusintha njira, kusintha malo ofikira ndikusunthira bwino pamalo osakhazikika. Zala zakutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo zimagwira ntchito ndipo ndizolimba mokwanira kuti agwire nyani. Lesul simawoneka padziko lapansi - makamaka anyani amapita kumeneko kukatola zipatso zakupsa kwambiri zomwe zagwa mumitengo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe lezula imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nyaniyu amadya.
Kodi lesula amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Monkey Lezula
Zachidziwikire, nyama zolimbitsa thupi kwathunthu. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi zipatso, zipatso ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi mitengo yambiri. Ngakhale anyani ena amakhala omnivorous, lesul amatchulidwabe ngati anyani odyetsa, chifukwa palibe milandu yomwe idawonedwa kale.
Chakudya cha lesul chimaphatikizapo:
- mbewu;
- mizu;
- utomoni wa mitengo yaying'ono;
- zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso.
Chosangalatsa: Nzika zakomweko nthawi zambiri zimawona lesul akuba zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'minda yamasamba pafupi ndi midzi.
A Lesuls amawona zipatso zomwe zagwa pansi kuchokera pamitengo ngati chakudya chapadera. Monga lamulo, izi ndi zipatso zotsekemera kwambiri, zomwe anyani ali okonzeka kutsika ngakhale kutalika kwambiri. Makamaka chifukwa cha khalidweli, lesul idazindikiridwa ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe.
Anyaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo kudya chakudya. Lesul ili ndi zala zazitali, zomwe sizingangokhala nthambi pomwe nyani amadya masamba ndi zipatso zazing'ono kuchokera kwa iwo. Mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe am'manja, ma lesuls amatha kukhala ndi zipatso zazikulu mumtengo ndikuzidya.
Palinso lingaliro loti ma lesuls amatha kudya khungwa la mitengo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka nsagwada. Macaque achidule achi Japan ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti lesul nthawi zambiri amadziwika m'mitengo yaying'ono, ndipo m'malo omwe anyaniwa amagawidwa, khungwa lofewa limachotsedwa. Titha kunena kuti ma lesuls safuna kudya kapena osadya chifukwa chokwanira, koma mwachitsanzo, kutsuka mano kapena kuchotsa tiziromboti.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: African Lesula
A Lesuls amakonda kukhala moyo wachinsinsi. Amakhazikika pagulu la anthu 5-10 pamwamba pamitengo, samachoka komwe amakhala, ndipo amakhala omangika kudera lina. M'gulu la nkhosa muli ma lesuls, omwe ali pachibwenzi chamabanja, chifukwa chake, pagulu loterolo, pali mibadwo ingapo.
Lesul ali ndi chidwi. Nthawi zambiri amalowa m'nyumba za anthu ngati akuwopsezedwa. Nthawi zambiri amaba zinthu zazing'ono zapakhomo monga zodulira, koma amakonda kwambiri mbewu zaulimi. Chifukwa cha izi ndi zifukwa zina, pali kusakidwa kwa lesul.
Gulu la lesul limakhala ndi dongosolo, koma osati lamphamvu ngati la anyani kapena ma gelad. Pali mtsogoleri wachimuna wamkulu yemwe amayang'anira gulu, komanso akazi angapo omwe ali pachibwenzi chofanana. Komanso, banjali limatha kukhala ndi anyamata ena angapo, koma amuna ena onse amakonda kukhala kutali ndi banja.
Lesul samakonda kuchitirana nkhanza. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe amati anyani ndi mawu okweza kwambiri, ndipo kulira kwawo kumakhala kosangalatsa. Ndi makina amawu omwe amatumizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalingaliro, kuphatikiza kufotokozera. Amakonda kukonda kupanga ma duels "omveka" kuposa kuti mumenyane.
Monga anyani ena, lesul ili ndi njira yosamalirana. Amapesa tsitsi lawo, amadya tiziromboti komanso amasamalira abale awo munjira iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za maudindo a anthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Lesuly Cub
Akatswiri a zachilengedwe sanakhazikitse bwino nyengo yoswana ya lesul, koma nyengo yokhwima imagwera pafupifupi nthawi yachilimwe-chilimwe nyengo yamvula isanachitike. Pakadali pano, amuna, omwe amakhala kutali ndi mabanja achikazi, amayamba kuwafikira pang'onopang'ono. Ma lesuls amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri usiku, amuna akamayamba kuyimba akazi ndi kuyimba kosangalatsa, kofanana ndi kuimba kwa mbalame.
Amuna samakonza ndewu zotseguka, monga mitundu ina yamtundu wanyani. Akazi amasankha yaimuna yokongola kwambiri poyimba. Nthawi yomweyo, mtsogoleri wa gululi samalamulira kukwatira ndi akazi - iwonso amasankha bambo wamtsogolo wamwanayo.
Chibwenzi cha lesul sichitha nthawi yayitali. Amuna amayimba "serenade" kwa akazi, kupesa tsitsi lawo, pambuyo pake kumachitika. Itakwatirana, yamphongo satenga nawo mbali pakulera ana, koma imayambanso kuyimba, kukopa akazi atsopano. Khalidwe ili silofala kwa anyani, chifukwa chake kafukufuku ndi kufotokozera za izi zikuchitikabe pakati pa asayansi.
Palibenso chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudzana ndi bere la mkazi. Pakutha pathupi pake, amabereka ana awiri, osatengera mwana mmodzi kapena atatu. Poyamba, anawo agwira mwamphamvu pamimba pa amayi ndikumwa mkaka. Amayi amasuntha mosavuta pakati pa mitengo ndipo sataya mapangidwe, ngakhale atakhala ndi katundu wambiri. Anawo akangolowa msinkhu, amapita pamsana pa mayiyo.
Ana aamuna amaleredwa pamodzi ndi matabwa. Makamaka omwe akulera ana achinyamata ndi anyani akale osakhala obereka, pomwe amapangira nazale. Lesuls amafika zaka zakubadwa zazikulu pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe a lesul
Chithunzi: Momwe lezula amaonekera
Monga anyani ena apakatikati, lezula ndi nyama yomwe nyama zambiri zolusa zimasaka.
Zowononga izi ndi nyama zotsatirazi:
- jaguar, akambuku, amphaka ndi amphaka akulu omwe amakonda nyama zazikulu kuposa anyani, koma saphonya mwayi wosaka lesul. Amakhalanso oopsa kwa anyaniwa chifukwa amakwera mitengo mwaluso. Amphaka akuluwa amabisa mwachinsinsi, chifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito chidwi pamene akuukira;
- Zakudya zamatsenga ndizowopsa kwa lesul, makamaka kwa achinyamata. Siziwoneka pakati pa masamba ndipo amatha kukwera pamwamba pamitengo;
- Ng'ona ndizoopsa kwa anyani akamapita kumalo othirira;
- Komanso mbalame zazikuluzikulu zitha kuwononga lesul zikakwera kwambiri. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yosowa kwambiri, chifukwa mbalame zazikuluzikulu sizikufuna kutsikira pakati ndi nkhalango zochepa, ndipo zotupa sizikwera, pomwe mbalamezi zimasaka kwambiri.
Lesul sadziteteza kwa adani, choncho zonse zomwe angathe kuchita ndikuchenjeza abale awo za zoopsa. Chifukwa cha kulira kwakukulu, ma lesuls amazindikira msanga kuti mdani ali pafupi, chifukwa chake amabisala m'nkhalango zowirira pamwamba pamitengo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Lesula
Sizingatheke kuyesa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukhala ndi leesul, komanso kuti adziwe mtundu wa mitundu iyi. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe akupeza magulu ochulukirapo a lesul m'nkhalango zowirira ku Africa, koma ziwerengero zawo ndizochepa.
Aaborijini akufunafuna lesul pazifukwa zingapo:
- choyamba, lesuli imavulaza mbewu zaulimi, chifukwa zimakonda kuba mbewu ngakhale kukwera mnyumba za anthu;
- chachiwiri, nyama ya lezul, monga nyama ya anyani ena, ndi yoyenera kudya anthu ndipo mmadera ena a ku Africa amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma;
- Komanso ubweya wa lezul ndi wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani, chifukwa chake umatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala, zinthu zapakhomo kapena zina.
Chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika, asayansi ali ndi malingaliro otsutsana. Ena amati anthu ambiri a lesul amakhala m'nkhalango zosalala, pomwe akatswiri azachilengedwe sanafikebe. Ena amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kusaka kwa anthu akumaloko, lesul amatha kuonedwa ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Komabe, anyaniwa alibe udindo wovomerezeka.
Zachidziwikire ndi anyani achilendo komanso osaphunzira kwenikweni omwe asayansi sanadziwebe. Kafukufuku wogwira ntchito, yemwe akuchitika pagulu la anyani, pang'onopang'ono akupereka zotsatira. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kuyembekeza kuti posachedwa lezula idzakhala mitundu yowerengeka kwambiri yamabanja anyani.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.01.
Tsiku losinthidwa: 12.09.2019 pa 13:23
