Gagant Achatina - woimira wamkulu wa banja la Akhatin. Nkhonozi zimatha kutalika mpaka 25 cm. M'mayiko ambiri, amadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo kulowetsa nkhonozi ku United States, China ndi mayiko ena ambiri ndizoletsedwa. M'dziko lathu, nkhonozi sizingakhale m'malo awo achilengedwe chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimaloledwa kusungidwa ngati ziweto. Nkhonozi amalimanso kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika ndi cosmetology.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Giant Achatina
Achatina fulica kapena Achatina chimphona amadziwikanso kuti Giant African nkhono gastropod mollusk ya dongosolo la nkhono zam'mapapo, maso a phesi, banja la Achatina, mtundu wa chimphona cha Achatina. Nkhono ndi zolengedwa zakale kwambiri, asayansi atsimikizira kuti ma gastropods amakhala padziko lathu lapansi zaka 99 miliyoni zapitazo.
Kanema: Gagant Achatina
Makolo a nkhono zamakono anali ammonite akale, imodzi mwazinyama zakale zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi kuyambira ku Devonia mpaka nthawi ya Cretaceous ya nthawi ya Mesozoic. Molluscs wakale anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhono zamakono m'mawonekedwe komanso zizolowezi. Mitundu ya nkhono zazikulu zaku Africa idayamba kuphunziridwa ndikufotokozedwa mu 1821 ndi katswiri wazinyama waku France André Etienne.
Achatina fulica imaphatikizapo izi:
- achatina fulica mitunduyi imaphatikizapo pafupifupi nkhono zonse zomwe sizikukhala ku Africa, ndipo zimakhala ndi utoto. M'magulu amtunduwu, chipolopolocho chimachepa pang'ono ndipo pakamwa pake pamakhala chachifupi poyerekeza ndi nkhono zomwe zimakhala ku Africa;
- achatina fulica castanea, subspecies izi zidafotokozedwa mu 1822 ndi Lemark. Subpecies amasiyana ndi ena amitundu yazipolopolo. Chigoba chomaliza cha nkhono zamtunduwu chimapangidwa kuchokera kumtunda mumtundu wa mabokosi, kuchokera pansi pamitunduyo ndi bulauni yofiirira;
- achatina fulica coloba Pilsbry adafotokozedwa mu 1904 ndi JC Bequaert, ma subspecies awa amasiyana kokha kukula kwa akulu ndipo adafotokozedwa kuchokera ku nkhono zingapo, zomwe mwina zimasiyanitsidwa ndikulakwitsa ndipo wasayansi adafotokoza chimphona wamba Achatina, chomwe sichinakule mpaka kukula kwake chifukwa chazovuta zikhalidwe;
- achatina fulica hamillei Petit adafotokozedwa mu 1859. Iyi ndi mitundu ina yaku Africa, mitundu ya nkhonozi ndi yofanana ndi nkhono;
- achatina fulica rodatzi adafotokozedwa mu 1852 ngati magulu ena osiyana siyana kuzilumba za Zanzibar. Mbali yapadera ya nkhonozi ndi mtundu wa chipolopolocho. Chipolopolocho ndi choyera, chophimbidwa ndi chopyapyala, chachikasu. Ambiri mwina, subspecies izi anazindikiranso molakwitsa, chifukwa Achatin ambiri amakhala ofunda, nyengo youma ali ndi mtundu wofanana;
- achatina fulica sinistrosa si subspecies, koma zosowa zosinthika. Mu nkhonozi, zipolopolozo zimapotoza mbali inayo. Zigoba za nkhonozi ndizofunika kwambiri kwa osonkhanitsa. Komabe, nkhono zotere sizingathe kubereka ana, popeza ziwalo zoberekera zamtunduwu zimakhala mbali yolakwika, yomwe imalepheretsa kuswana.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe chimphona Achatina chikuwonekera
Nkhono zazikulu za ku Africa ndi imodzi mwa nkhono zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chigoba cha nkhono wamkulu chimafika kutalika kwa 25 cm. Thupi la nkhono ndi lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 17. Nkhono yayikulu ku Africa imatha kulemera mpaka theka la kilogalamu.
Thupi lonse la nkhonoyi limakutidwa ndi makwinya abwino, omwe amathandiza nkhonoyi kusunga chinyezi ndikutambasula mwamphamvu. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli mutu wokulirapo wokhala ndi nyanga ziwiri zazing'ono pomwe maso a nkhono ili. Maso a nkhonozi ndi osaoneka bwino. Amatha kusiyanitsa kuwala komwe amabisala, poganiza kuti ndi dzuwa lotentha, ndipo amatha kuwona zithunzi za zinthu pamtunda wa pafupifupi sentimita imodzi kuchokera m'maso mwawo. Nkhono ili ndi lilime pakamwa pake lomwe lili ndi minga. Nkhonoyo imagwira chakudya mosavuta ndi lilime lake loyipa. Mano a nkhonoyi amapangidwa ndi chitin, alipo ambiri pafupifupi 25,000. Ndi mano amenewa, nkhonoyi imagaya chakudya chotafuna ngati ma grater. Komabe, mano ake si akuthwa, ndipo nkhono sizingaluma munthu.
Mwendo wa nkhonoyo ndi wolimba kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi mwendo wake, nkhonoyi imayenda mosavuta pamalo owongoka komanso owongoka, ndipo imatha kugona mozondoka. Poyenda mopanda kupweteka kumtunda, tiziwalo timene timatuluka mkati mwa nkhonoyi timatulutsa ntchofu yapadera, yomwe imatulutsidwa poyenda, ndipo nkhonoyo imadumphira pamwamba pa ntchofuyo. Chifukwa cha ntchofu, nkhonoyi imatha kumamatira kwambiri kumtunda. Kapangidwe ka nkhonoyo ndikosavuta ndipo kali ndi mtima, mapapo, ndi impso imodzi. Kupuma kumachitika kudzera m'mapapu ndi khungu.
Mtima wa nkhonoyu umapopa magazi osalala, omwe nthawi zonse amapuma mpweya. Ziwalo zamkati mwa nkhonoyi zili m'thumba lamkati ndipo zimatsekedwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Mtundu wa chimphona Achatina umatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono kutengera momwe umboni uliri komanso momwe amadya. Kumtchire, nkhono zazikulu zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 10, komabe, kunyumba, nkhonozi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhono zamtunduwu zimatha kupanganso. Pansi pa nyengo yabwino komanso chakudya chochuluka choyenera, nkhono imatha kupanga chigoba chobowola, nyanga zosweka kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.
Kodi chimphona Achatina?
Chithunzi: Chimphona cha ku Africa Achatina
Nkhono zazikuluzikulu zaku Africa poyamba zinkakhala kum'mawa kwa Africa, komwe adazipatsa dzina. Komabe, mtundu wa Achatina fulica umadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wowopsa ndipo umafalikira mwachangu ndikukhala m'malo atsopano. Pakadali pano, madera a nkhonozi ndi ochulukirapo. Amapezeka ku Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Tahiti, Caribbean komanso California.
Nkhonoyi imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ya zamoyo mosavuta ndipo imazolowera bwino kukhala zachilengedwe zatsopano. Amakhala makamaka m'maiko otentha, kotentha. M'mayiko angapo, monga USA, China, ndi mayiko ena ambiri, kulowetsa nkhonozi kunja kwake ndikuletsedwa chifukwa nkhonozi ndi tizirombo tangozi taulimi ndipo zimakhala ndi matenda owopsa.
Mwachilengedwe, nkhono zimakhala m'mitengo yaudzu, pansi pa tchire, pafupi ndi mizu ya mitengo. Masana, mbewa zimabisala padzuwa pansi pa masamba, pakati paudzu ndi miyala. Amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri pakagwa mvula komanso madzulo, pomwe mame amawoneka paudzu; panthawiyi, nkhono zimatuluka m'nyumba zawo ndikukwawa mwakachetechete kufunafuna chakudya. Kutentha, atha kugwera makanema ojambula. Yogwira kutentha kwa madigiri 7 mpaka 25. Kutentha kukatsika pansi pamadigiri 5-7, nkhonozi zimaboola pansi ndikubisalira.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa kumene chimphona Achatina. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nkhonoyi idya.
Kodi kudya chimphona Achatina?
Chithunzi: Nkhono yayikulu Achatina
Zakudya za nkhono zaku Africa zimaphatikizapo:
- zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zowola kwambiri;
- makungwa a mitengo;
- mbali zowola za zomera;
- nzimbe;
- zitsamba zosiyanasiyana;
- masamba a letesi;
- masamba a kabichi;
- zipatso ndi masamba a mphesa;
- zipatso zatsopano (mango, chinanazi, vwende, chitumbuwa, sitiroberi, chivwende, mapichesi, nthochi, apurikoti);
- masamba (broccoli, zukini, dzungu, radishes, nkhaka).
Kutchire, nkhono ndizosankha pazakudya ndipo zimadya chilichonse panjira yawo. Nkhono zimawononga mwapadera kubzala nzimbe, kuwononga minda ndi minda yamasamba. Ngati nkhono sizingapeze chakudya, kapena sizimakonda chilengedwe, zimangobisala kuti zizikhalabe ndi moyo. Nthawi zina, zikafunika kwambiri, nkhono imatha kulowetsedwa mu hibernation posintha kutentha kwa terrarium poitsitsa mpaka madigiri 5-7, kapena pongosiya kudyetsa chiweto.
Zowona, panthawi yogona, nkhono imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndipo mwina singadzuke ku tulo tambiri tating'onoting'ono, motero ndibwino kuti tisalole chiweto kugona nthawi yopitilira milungu iwiri. Akapolo, nkhono zaku Africa zimadyetsedwa masamba ndi zipatso za nyengo yake. Nthawi zina Achatina amapatsidwa oatmeal, mtedza wapansi, choko, chipolopolo chamwala ndi zipolopolo za dzira, mtedza.
Komanso mbale yakumwa ndi madzi imayikidwa m khomelo. Nkhono zomwe zangochoka kumene m'mazirawo zimadya zigoba za mazira awo kwa masiku awiri oyamba, komanso mazira omwe sanaswedwe. Pakatha masiku angapo, amatha kupatsidwa chakudya chofanana ndi nkhono zazikulu zokha mwa mawonekedwe odulidwa (ndibwino kuthira masamba ndi zipatso). Masamba a letesi ndi kabichi sayenera kung'ambidwa, ana ndiosavuta kuthana okha. Nkhono zazing'ono zimafunika kudyetsedwa kashiamu nthawi zonse kuti chipolopolocho chikule bwino.
Chosangalatsa: Giant Achatina amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zokonda ndikukhala ndi zokonda zina. Ngati ataswedwa, nkhonoyo imatha kuyamba kukana chakudya china, kufuna kuti imupatse zomwe amakonda.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Giant Achatina
Nkhono zaku Africa zimangokhala, ndipo pansi pazabwino amatha kukhala moyo wawo wonse m'malo amodzi. Nkhonozi zimakhazikika kwambiri paokha, zimamva chisoni pakati pa achibale ambiri, amakumana ndi zovuta pagulu. Ngati nkhono zilibe malo okwanira kukhazikika, mollusks amatha kusamukira kwina.
Kusamuka koteroko kumapezeka makamaka munthawi yomwe anthu akuchulukirachulukira. Nkhonozi zimagwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo, kukadali kozizira komanso pamakhala udzu. Komanso nkhono zimagwira ntchito pakagwa mvula. Pakatentha masana, nkhono zimapuma pang'ono padzuwa kuseri kwa miyala ndi masamba amitengo. Nkhono za anthu akuluakulu nthawi zina zimatha kupanga malo apadera oti azipumulira, ndikuyesera kuti zisakwawe kutali ndi malowa. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri samangiriridwa kumalo opumira ndipo amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Nkhono ndizinyama zocheperako, zimakwawa mwachangu 1-2 m / min.
Nthawi yozizira, nkhono nthawi zambiri zimabisala. Pozindikira kutentha, nkhonoyo imayamba kudzikumbira pansi. Burrow imatha kukhala pafupifupi 30-50 cm. Nkhonoyo imakwera mu dzenje lake lotha kubisala, ndikubisa pakhomo lolowera. Amatseka pakhomo la chipolopolocho ndi filimu yomata, yomwe imakhala ndi ntchofu, ndipo amagona. Achatina amachokera ku nyengo yozizira. Mu ukapolo, Achatina amathanso kubisala chifukwa cha zovuta, matenda, kapena kupsinjika. Mutha kudzutsa nkhono pongoiyika pansi pamadzi otentha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhono zimadziwa bwino malowa ndipo zimatha kupeza molondola malo awo opumira kapena kabowo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nkhono zazikulu za Achatina
Achatina ali otsimikiza osungulumwa. Nkhono zimakhala moyo wawo wonse, nthawi zina nkhono zimatha kukhala awiriawiri. Mabanja samangidwa; mollusks alibe chikhalidwe chilichonse. Nthawi zina nkhono zimatha kukhala awiriawiri. Pakalibe mnzake, Achatina monga hermaphrodites amatha kudzipangira umuna. Popeza Achatina onse ndi a hermaphrodites, akulu akulu amakhala ngati akazi, ndichifukwa choti kuyikira mazira ndikupanga timatumba kumafunika mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ofooka sangakwanitse kuthana ndi ntchitoyi. Ngati anthu akuluakulu akwatirana, ndiye kuti feteleza kawiri ndi kotheka. Nkhono zimakula msinkhu wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka miyezi 14.
Kukhalirana mu nkhono zazikulu zaku Africa ndi izi: nkhono yomwe ili yokonzeka kuswana zokwawa mozungulira pang'ono kukweza mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi patsogolo. Nkhonoyi imakwawa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina imapuma, ikakumana ndi nkhono yomweyo, imayamba kukwawa mozungulira, kumamvana komanso kulumikizana. Izi zimatenga maola angapo. Pambuyo nkhono mwamphamvu Ufumuyo mzake. Kuphatikizika kumodzi kumakwanira nkhono m'makola angapo. Kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri, nkhonoyi imagwiritsa ntchito umuna wolandiridwa kuti umere mazira atsopano.
Nkhono zazikulu za ku Africa zimakhala ndi chonde kwambiri panthawi imodzi, nkhonoyi imayikira mazira 200 mpaka 300. Nkhonozi zimapanga zomanga pansi. Amakumba dzenje lakuya pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo chipolopolo chake chimapanga makoma a dzenjelo, ndikuwapapasa kuti nthaka isagwe. Nkhonoyo imayikira mazira. Kapangidwe kazomangamanga kamatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo pamafunika khama. Nkhono zina, zikaikira mazira, zimatha kuonda kotero kuti zimafa popanda kusiya mabowo.
Ndikutsekemera kwabwino, mkaziyo amachoka pamtindapo, ndikutseka pakhomo pake. Nkhono sizibwereranso ku ana ake, popeza nkhono zazing'ono, zomwe zimaswa kuchokera mu dzira, zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Mazira a chimphona Achatina ali ofanana ndi mazira a nkhuku, ali ofanana mawonekedwe ndi utoto, ochepa kwambiri pafupifupi 6 mm m'litali, okutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba.
Dzira limakhala ndi mluza, mapuloteni, ndi chipolopolo. Nthawi yosakaniza ndi masabata awiri kapena atatu. Nkhono ikatuluka m'dzira, imadya dzira lake, ndikuyikoka m'nthaka ndikutuluka. M'zaka zoyambirira, nkhono zimakula msanga kwambiri. Pakutha chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, kukula kwa nkhono kumachedwetsa kwambiri, komabe, ndipo akulu amapitilizabe kukula.
Chosangalatsa: Nkhono zazing'ono zikasokonezedwa kapena kuchita mantha ndi zinazake, zimayamba kulira mokweza ndikukwawa mozungulira. Akuluakulu amakhala odekha ndipo samachita izi.
Natural adani a chimphona Achatina
Chithunzi: Momwe chimphona Achatina chikuwonekera
Giant Achatinas ndi zolengedwa zokongola zopanda chitetezo chomwe chili ndi adani angapo.
Adani achilengedwe a chimphona Achatina ndi awa:
- zolusa mbalame;
- abuluzi ndi zokwawa zina;
- zolusa nyama;
- Nkhono zazikulu zolusa.
Zolusa zambiri zimakonda kudya nkhonozi m'malo awo achilengedwe, komabe, m'maiko ena komwe nkhonozi zidatumizidwa, adani achilengedwe sanapezeke ndipo nkhonozi, zikuchulukirachulukira, zidakhala tsoka lenileni kuulimi.
Matenda akulu omwe amawopseza zolengedwa izi ndi mafangasi ndi tiziromboti. Nkhono za ku Africa zimatetezedwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mphutsi. Tiziromboti tofala kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi za trematode ndi nematode. Nyongolotsi zimakhala mu chipolopolo komanso pa thupi la nkhono. "Malo oyandikana "wa amawononga nkhono kwambiri, imasiya kudya ndikukhala olefuka. Komanso nkhonoyi imatha kupatsira anthu ndi nyama ma helminths.
Nthawi zambiri nkhungu imakula pachikopa cha nkhonoyi, imakhala yoopsa kwambiri kwa chiweto, koma ndichachidziwikire kuchiza, ndikwanira kuyeretsa terrarium posamba nthaka mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate ndikusamba nkhono mu kulowetsedwa kwa chamomile. Giant Achatina amanyamula matenda monga meninjaitisi, owopsa kwa anthu, ndi ena.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Giant Achatina
Nkhono zazikuluzikulu zaku Africa ndi zamoyo zochuluka kwambiri. Udindo wa Achatina fulica mitundu ndiye mitundu yomwe sichidetsa nkhawa. Anthu amtunduwu sawopsezedwa ndi chilichonse. Kumtchire, nkhono zam'madzi zimamva bwino, zimachulukana msanga, ndipo zimazolowera zovuta zachilengedwe.
Mitunduyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri, mitundu iyi imafalikira chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, imafulumira kuyambitsa mitundu yatsopano yazachilengedwe komanso ndi tizilombo toopsa paulimi. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhono ndizonyamula matenda ambiri owopsa monga meninjaitisi ndi ena. Chifukwa chake, m'maiko ambiri okhala ndi nyengo zotentha, kuika kwaokha ndikofunikira ndipo kuitanitsa nkhono sikuloledwa. Ndizoletsedwa kulowetsa nkhono kumayiko amenewa ngakhale ziweto, ndipo akatumizidwa kumalire ndi mayiko awa, ntchito zamalire zimawononga nkhono, ndipo olakwira adzalangidwa - chindapusa kapena kumangidwa mpaka zaka 5, kutengera dzikolo.
Ku Russia, nkhono zazikulu kwambiri zaku Africa sizingakhale kuthengo, chifukwa chake ndikololedwa kukhala ndi Achatina ngati ziweto. Komabe, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti nkhonozi zimachulukana mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nkhonozi. Nkhonozi ndi ziweto zabwino kwambiri.Ngakhale mwana angawasamalire, ma mollusk amazindikira mwini wawo ndipo amamusamalira bwino. Chifukwa cha kubereka kwawo, nkhono zimagawidwa pakati pa oweta makamaka kwaulere, kapena pamtengo wophiphiritsa.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kutero chimphona Achatina Kuphatikiza pa kuvulaza zaulimi, zimapindulitsanso zabwino zambiri, kukhala mtundu wa madongosolo otentha. Nkhono zimadya zipatso zowola, zomera ndi udzu, chilichonse chomwe tizilombo tingayambitse matenda tingathe kuchulukana. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhono zimapanga chinthu chapadera chotchedwa collagen, chomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera. M'mayiko ena, nkhonozi zimadyedwa ndipo zimawoneka ngati zokoma.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.12.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 07.09.2019 pa 19:57
