Arabiya Oryx ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri m'chipululu m'chigawo cha Arabia ndipo yakhala yofunika kwambiri pacholowa chawo m'mbiri yonse. Atatha kuthengo, amakhalanso pa chilumba cha Arabia. Mtundu uwu ndi mphalapala ya m'chipululu yomwe imasinthasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha malo ake ovuta achipululu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Arabia Oryx
Pafupifupi zaka 40 zapitazo, oryx womaliza waku Arabia, mphalapala wamkulu wokhala ndi nyanga zakuda zowoneka bwino, adathera kuzipululu za Oman - wowomberedwa ndi msaki. Kusaka kosaloleka ndi kupha nyama mosavomerezeka kunapangitsa kuti nyama ziwonongeke koyamba. Pambuyo pake, anthu adapulumutsidwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso.
Kusanthula kwa chibadwidwe cha anthu omwe adayambitsidwa kumene a Omani ku Arabia oryx mu 1995 adatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwatsopano kumeneku sikunakhale ndi mitundu yonse yazomwe zimachitika. Komabe, palibe mgwirizano womwe unapezedwa pakati pa ma coefficients of inbreeding ndi zinthu zina zolimbitsa thupi, ngakhale mabungwe adapezeka pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yaying'ono ya DNA yama microsatellite ndi kupulumuka kwa achinyamata, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhumudwa koswana ndi kuswana. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwamkati mwa anthu ku Oman kukuwonetsa kuti kuswana nthawi imodzi sikuwopseza kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Kanema: Arabia Oryx
Zambiri za chibadwa zimawonetsa kuti kusiyanasiyana kwakuchepa koma kwakukulu pakati pamagulu a Arabia oryx, kuwonetsa kuti kuwongolera kwa Arabia oryx kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakanikirana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu.
M'mbuyomu, anthu amaganiza kuti nyama yayikuluyi ili ndi zamatsenga: mnofu wa nyamayo umayenera kupereka mphamvu zapadera ndikupangitsa kuti munthu asamve ludzu. Amakhulupiliranso kuti magazi amathandizira kulumidwa ndi njoka. Chifukwa chake, anthu nthawi zambiri amasaka antelope iyi. Mwa mayina ambiri akumaloko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za Arabiya oryx ndi Al-Maha. Oryx yaikazi imalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 80 ndipo amuna amalemera pafupifupi 90 kg. Nthawi zina, amuna amatha kufikira 100 kg.
Zosangalatsa: Arabiya Oryx amakhala zaka 20 ali mu ukapolo komanso kuthengo ngati zachilengedwe zili bwino. Ndi chilala, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepa kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe Arabia Oryx imawonekera
Arabia Oryx ndi imodzi mwazinthu zinayi zamatope padziko lapansi. Uyu ndiye membala wocheperako pamtundu wa Oryx. Ali ndi mzere wotsatira wofiirira ndipo mchira woyera umatha ndi malo akuda. Nkhope zawo, masaya, ndi mmero ali ndi bulauni yakuda, pafupifupi lawi lakuda lomwe limapitilizabe pachifuwa pawo. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi nyanga zazitali, zowonda, pafupifupi zowongoka, zakuda. Amafika 50 mpaka 60 cm kutalika. Polemera makilogalamu 90, amuna amalemera makilogalamu 10-20 kuposa akazi. Achinyamata amabadwa ndi malaya abulauni omwe amasintha akamakula. Gulu la Arabia Oryx ndi laling'ono, ndi anthu 8 mpaka 10 okha.
Arabiya Oryx ali ndi chovala choyera chokhala ndi zipsera zakuda pankhope pake ndipo mawondo ake ndi abulauni yakuda mpaka utoto wakuda. Chovala chake choyera kwambiri chimanyezimira ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa nthawi yotentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira, tsitsi lakumbuyo kwake limakokedwa kuti likope ndikutentha kutentha kwa dzuŵa. Amakhala ndi ziboda zazikulu zakutali zazitali pamiyala ndi mchenga. Nyanga ngati nthungo ndi zida zankhondo zodzitetezera komanso kumenya nkhondo.
Arabian Oryx imasinthidwa mwapadera kuti ikhale pachilumba chowuma kwambiri. Amakhala m'zigwa zamiyala ndi milu yamchenga. Ziboda zawo zazikulu zimawalola kuyenda mosavuta pamchenga.
Zosangalatsa: Popeza khungu la Arabia oryx lilibe kunyezimira kapena kunyezimira, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwawona ngakhale patali mita 100. Amawoneka ngati pafupifupi osawoneka.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe oryx yoyera imawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone komwe amakhala m'malo ake achilengedwe.
Kodi Araby oryx amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Arabia Oryx mchipululu
Nyama imeneyi imapezeka kudera la Arabia. Mu 1972, Arabia Oryx idazimiririka kuthengo, koma idapulumutsidwa ndi malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungira anthu, ndipo yabwezeretsedwanso kuthengo kuyambira 1980, ndipo chifukwa chake, anthu amtchire tsopano akukhala ku Israel, Saudi Arabia ndi Oman, pomwe pali mapulogalamu ena obwezeretsanso ena. ... Zikuwoneka kuti mitunduyi ifikira kumayiko ena ku Arabia Peninsula.
Ambiri Oryx aku Arabia amakhala ku:
- Saudi Arabia;
- Iraq;
- United Arab Emirates;
- Omani;
- Yemen;
- Yordani;
- Kuwait.
Mayikowa amapanga Arabia. Araby oryx amathanso kupezeka ku Egypt, yomwe ili kumadzulo kwa Arabia Peninsula, ndi Syria, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Arabia Peninsula.
Zosangalatsa: Arabia Oryx imapezeka m'chipululu komanso m'chipululu cha Arabia, pomwe kutentha kumatha kufika 50 ° C ngakhale mumthunzi nthawi yotentha. Mitunduyi ndi yomwe imasinthidwa bwino kuti izikhala m'chipululu. Mtundu wawo woyera umawonetsera kutentha kwa m'chipululu komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'mawa kozizira kozizira, kutentha kwa thupi kumakodwa mu malaya amkati kuti nyama izizizira. M'nyengo yozizira, zikhasu zawo zimada kwambiri kuti athe kutentha kwambiri kuchokera padzuwa.
M'mbuyomu, Arabiya oryx inali paliponse, yomwe imapezeka kudera lonse la Arabia ndi Sinai, ku Mesopotamiya ndi m'zipululu za Syria. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, wakhala akusakidwa kokha m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa osaka amatha masiku ambiri opanda madzi. Pambuyo pake adayamba kuwathamangitsa mgalimoto ndipo adasankha ndege ndi ma helikopita kuti apeze nyama zomwe amabisala. Izi zidawononga Arabia Oryx, kupatula magulu ang'onoang'ono m'chipululu cha Nafoud ndi chipululu cha Rubal Khali. Mu 1962, Society for the Conservation of Fauna ku London idakhazikitsa Operation Oryx ndipo idakhazikitsa njira zowatetezera.
Kodi Arabia oryx imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Arabia Oryx
Arabia oryx imadyetsa makamaka zitsamba, komanso mizu, ma tubers, mababu ndi mavwende. Amamwa madzi akawapeza, koma amatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali osamwa chifukwa amatha kupeza chinyezi chilichonse chomwe amafunikira kuchokera kuzakudya monga anyezi wokoma ndi mavwende. Amakhalanso ndi chinyezi kuchokera kumadzi otsetsereka pamiyala ndi zomera pambuyo pa chifunga chachikulu.
Kukhala m'chipululu nkovuta chifukwa nkovuta kupeza chakudya ndi madzi. Arabian Oryx amayenda kwambiri kuti akapeze magwero atsopano azakudya ndi madzi. Asayansi akuti nyamayo ikuwoneka kuti ikudziwa komwe kumagwa mvula, ngakhale itakhala kutali. Arabia Oryx yasintha kuti izikhala osamwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zosangalatsa: Arabiya oryx amadya nthawi zambiri usiku, pomwe mbewuzo zimakhala zokoma kwambiri zikamamwa chinyezi usiku. M'nthawi youma, oryx imakumba mizu ndi ma tubers kuti apeze chinyezi chomwe chimafunikira.
Arabian Oryx ili ndi zosintha zingapo zomwe zimawalola kuti izikhala yopanda magwero amadzi nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe imakwaniritsa zosowa zamadzi kuchokera pachakudya chake. Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lotentha masana, osagwiranso ntchito pansi pamitengo yamithunzi, kutaya kutentha kwa thupi pansi kuti muchepetse kutaya kwamadzi kuchokera nthunzi, ndikudya chakudya usiku posankha zakudya zokhala ndi madzi ambiri.
Kusanthula kwama metabolic kunawonetsa kuti wamkulu Oryx Arabian amadya 1.35 kg / tsiku louma (494 kg / chaka). Nyamazi zimatha kusokoneza anthu ngati malo awo amakhala, monga Arabia oryx imatha kudya mbewu zaulimi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Antelope ya Arabia Oryx
Arabian Oryx ndi mtundu wamtundu, umapanga gulu la anthu 5 mpaka 30 komanso ena ngati zinthu zili bwino. Ngati zinthu sizili bwino, magulu amakhala ndi amuna okhaokha omwe ali ndi akazi ndi ana awo. Amuna ena amakhala osungulumwa kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi magawo akulu. Mkati mwa ziweto, olamulira olamulira amapangidwa ndi ziwonetsero za oimitsa omwe amapewa kuvulala koopsa ndi nyanga zazitali, zakuthwa.
Ziwetozi zimatha kukhala limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Oryx imagwirizana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake - kuchuluka kwakanthawi kothandizana mwamphamvu kumalola nyamazo kugawana mitengo yamithunzi, yomwe amatha kukhala ndi maola 8 masana kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Nyamazi zikuwoneka kuti zimatha kuzindikira mvula kuchokera patali ndipo pafupifupi zimangoyendayenda, zikuyenda m'malo akulu kufunafuna mbewu zatsopano zamtengo wapatali pambuyo pa mvula yamkuntho. Amagwira ntchito makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo, kupumula m'magulu mumthunzi pakakhala kutentha kwamasana.
Zosangalatsa: Arabiya Oryx amatha kununkhira mvula patali. Fungo la mphepo likamafalikira ndi chimphepo, chachikazi chimatsogolera gulu lake kufunafuna udzu watsopano chifukwa cha mvula.
Masiku otentha, Arabia oryx imapanga zitsime zosaya pansi pa tchire kuti zizipuma komanso kuziziritsa. Khungu lawo loyera limathandizanso kuwonetsa kutentha. Malo awo okhwima sangakhale okhululuka, ndipo Arabia Oryx imakonda kukhala ndi chilala, matenda, kulumidwa ndi njoka, komanso kumira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cubs of Arabia Oryx
Arabia Oryx ndi woweta wazaka zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwamuna wamwamuna wokwatirana ndi akazi ambiri nthawi imodzi yokwatirana. Nthawi yakubadwa kwa ana imasiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati zinthu zili bwino, mkaziyo amatha kutulutsa ng'ombe imodzi pachaka. Mkaziyu amasiya ziwetozo kuti akabereke mwana wa ng'ombe. Arabia Oryxes alibe nyengo yokhazikika, choncho amaswana chaka chonse.
Amuna amamenyera akazi pogwiritsa ntchito nyanga zawo, zomwe zimatha kuvulaza kapena kufa kumene. Ana ambiri amabadwa ku Jordan ndipo Oman amachitika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Meyi. Nthawi yoberekera yamtunduwu imatha pafupifupi masiku 240. Achinyamata amasiyidwa atakwanitsa miyezi 3.5-4.5, ndipo akazi omwe ali mu ukapolo amabereka koyamba ali ndi zaka 2.5-3.5.
Pakatha miyezi 18 ya chilala, akazi sakhala ndi pakati ndipo sangathenso kudyetsa ana awo. Chiwerengero cha kugonana pobadwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala 50:50 (amuna: akazi). Ng'ombeyo imabadwa ndi nyanga zazing'ono zokutidwa ndi tsitsi. Monga onse osatulutsidwa, amatha kudzuka ndikutsatira amayi ake ali ndi maola ochepa chabe.
Mayi nthawi zambiri amabisa ana ake kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu yoyambirira pomwe amadyetsa asanabwerere m'gulu. Ng'ombe imatha kudzidyetsa yokha patatha miyezi inayi, ndikukhalabe pagulu la kholo, koma osakhala ndi amayi ake. Arabiya oryx amakula msinkhu wazaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe a Arabia oryx
Chithunzi: Mwamuna waku Arabia Oryx
Chifukwa chachikulu chakusowa kwa Arabia oryx kuthengo kunali kusaka kopitilira muyeso, onse akusaka ma Bedouin kuti apeze nyama ndi zikopa, ndikusaka masewera pama squads. Kupha nyama zakutchire za Arabia mwatsopano kwayambitsanso vuto lina. Osachepera 200 oryx adatengedwa kapena kuphedwa ndi achiwembu ochokera pagulu lachilengedwe la Omani lomwe lidangotulutsidwa kumene patatha zaka zitatu chiyambireni kuwononga ziweto mu February 1996.
Nyama yayikulu ya Arabia oryx, kuwonjezera pa anthu, ndi nkhandwe ya Arabia, yomwe kale idapezeka ku Arabia, koma tsopano ikukhala m'malo ochepa ku Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Iraq ndi kumwera kwa Israel, Jordan ndi Sinai Peninsula ku Igupto. Pamene akusaka ziweto, eni ziweto amapha poizoni, kuwombera, kapena kutchera mimbulu kuti iteteze katundu wawo. Ankhandwe ndi omwe amadyetsa kwambiri phazi la Arabia, lomwe limadyera ana ake.
Nyanga zazitali za Arabia oryx ndizoyenera kutetezedwa ku adani (mikango, akambuku, agalu amtchire ndi afisi). Pomwe pali chiwopsezo, chinyamacho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera: chimakhala chammbali kuti chiwoneke chokulirapo. Malingana ngati saopseza mdani, Arabiya oryx imagwiritsa ntchito nyanga zake kuteteza kapena kuukira. Monga antelope ena, Arabian Oryx imagwiritsa ntchito liwiro lake popewa zolusa. Ikhoza kufika mofulumira mpaka 60 km / h.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe Arabia Oryx imawonekera
Arabiya Oryx adatayika kuthengo chifukwa chokusaka nyama, chikopa ndi nyanga yake. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse inabweretsa mfuti zodziwikiratu komanso magalimoto othamanga kwambiri ku Arabia Peninsula, ndipo izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusaka kosasaka kwa oryx. Pofika 1965, ma oryxes ochepera 500 aku Arabia adatsalira kuthengo.
Ng'ombe zogwidwa zinakhazikitsidwa mu 1950s ndipo zingapo zinatumizidwa ku United States komwe kunkachitika pulogalamu yoswana. Oposa 1,000 oryx a Arabia atulutsidwa kuthengo lero, ndipo pafupifupi nyama zonsezi zimapezeka m'malo otetezedwa.
Nambalayi ikuphatikizapo:
- pafupifupi 50 oryx ku Oman;
- pafupifupi 600 oryx ku Saudi Arabia;
- pafupifupi 200 oryx ku United Arab Emirates;
- oposa 100 oryx ku Israel;
- pafupifupi 50 oryx ku Jordan.
Anthu pafupifupi 6,000-7,000 agwidwa ukapolo padziko lonse lapansi, ambiri a iwo mderali. Ena amapezeka m'makola akuluakulu, okhala ndi mipanda, kuphatikiza aku Qatar, Syria (Al Talilah Nature Reserve), Saudi Arabia, ndi UAE.
Arabia Oryx adasankhidwa kuti "adatha" mu Red Book kenako "ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu". Anthu atachuluka, adasamukira mgulu la "omwe ali pangozi", kenako adasunthira komwe angatchedwe "osatetezeka". Ndi nkhani yosamalira bwino. Mwambiri, Oryx Arabian pano amadziwika kuti ndiomwe Ali Pangozi, koma manambala amakhalabe osasunthika masiku ano. Arabry Oryx ikupitilizabe kukumana ndi ziwopsezo zambiri monga chilala, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi kupha nyama.
Kuteteza kwa Arabia Oryx
Chithunzi: Arabia Oryx wochokera ku Red Book
Arabiya oryx imatetezedwa ndi lamulo m'maiko onse komwe yabwezeretsedwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri ku Arabia oryx amapangidwa bwino ali mu ukapolo ndipo adalembedwa pa CITES Zakumapeto I, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizosaloledwa kugulitsa nyamazi kapena gawo lililonse. Komabe, mtundu uwu umawopsezedwabe ndi kusaka kosaloledwa, kudyetsa mopitirira muyeso ndi chilala.
Kubwerera kwa oryx kumachokera ku mgwirizano waukulu wamagulu osamalira, maboma ndi malo osungira nyama omwe agwira ntchito yopulumutsa mitunduyo pokweza "gulu ladziko lonse" la nyama zakutchire zomaliza zomwe zidagwidwa mzaka za 1970, komanso mamembala achifumu ochokera ku UAE, Qatar ndi Saudi Arabia. Arabiya.
Mu 1982, oteteza zachilengedwe adayambiranso kuyambitsa magulu ang'onoang'ono a Arabia oryx kuchokera pagulu ili lomwe lili mndende m'malo otetezedwa omwe kusaka ndikosaloledwa. Ngakhale njira yotulutsirayo idali yoyeserera - mwachitsanzo, ziweto zonse zidamwalira pambuyo poyesa kamodzi ku Jordan - asayansi aphunzira zambiri zakubwezeretsanso bwino.
Chifukwa cha pulogalamuyi, pofika 1986, Arabia Oryx idakwezedwa kukhala pachiwopsezo, ndipo mitundu iyi yasungidwa mpaka pomwe idasinthidwa komaliza. Ponseponse, kubwerera kwa oryx kunachitika ndi mgwirizano wogwirira ntchito yoteteza. Ngakhale kuyesayesa kamodzi kapena kawiri kuti asunge chilengedwe chake, kupulumuka kwa Arabia oryx zimadalira kukhazikitsa gulu kwina. Gawo lofunikira pazochitika zopambana pakusamalira Arabia oryx ndi thandizo la boma, ndalama ndi kudzipereka kwakanthawi kochokera ku Saudi Arabia ndi UAE.
Arabiya Oryx Ndi mtundu wa mphalapala omwe amakhala ku Arabia Peninsula. Arabian Oryx ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala m'chipululu zomwe zimatha kukhala m'malo opanda madzi momwe mitundu ina yochepa ingakhale ndi moyo. Amatha kukhalapo milungu ingapo opanda madzi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 01.10.2019
Idasinthidwa: 03.10.2019 pa 14:48
