Barbus Nambala ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Mbali yawo yapadera ndi kudzichepetsa - zotchinga zomwe zimapulumuka m'malo ovuta m'madzi otentha omwe ali ndi adani omwe akufuna kudya nsomba zazing'ono, ngakhale m'nyanja yamchere, ma barb adzamva bwino. Mitunduyi imakhalanso yodabwitsa chifukwa oimira ake ali ndi mtundu wosangalala, wowala komanso wosiyanasiyana, wokangalika modabwitsa, wokondwa komanso woyenda. Ndi mikhalidwe imeneyi, amakopa chidwi cha achichepere am'madzi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Barbus
Mwachilengedwe, mtundu wa zitsamba umakhala m'mabesi amadzi ku China, Africa komanso (makamaka) kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Kumtchire, mosasankha, oimira mitundu yonse ya barbus amakhala m'magulu, komanso zazikulu modabwitsa. Asayansi-ichthyologists amakhulupirira kuti ndikosavuta kwa iwo kupeza chakudya chawo ndi kudziteteza kwa adani achilengedwe. Ndizovuta kunena ngati izi ndi zoona kapena ayi, koma njira zamtunduwu zimalola kuti ometa azigwirabe dzanja mgulu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Kusunga ma barbs m'malo opangira kumabweretsa zovuta - ndichifukwa chake achichepere am'madzi amayamba ntchito zawo ndi "achifwamba amizeremizere". Zizindikiro zamankhwala zamadzi, zomwe zimaganiziridwa posankha mtundu wa nsomba (kutanthauza kuuma ndi acidity), sizitenga nawo gawo pazochitikazo.
Kanema: Barbus
Ponena za madzi, omwenso amakonda akale, omwe amasinthidwa m'malo mwa mtundu wakale wa 1/3. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kayendedwe ka kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala mkati mwa 20 - 26C. Momwemo, khalani okhazikika magalamu 23-26. Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma barb, omwe amasiyana mosiyanasiyana m'magawo awo (mtundu, kukula, mawonekedwe azipsepse) komanso mawonekedwe.
Eya, ngakhale ali ndi malo osiyana! Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri kwa akatswiri am'madzi ndi achthyologists (nsombazi ndizabwino pamayeso amitundu yonse).
Tiyenera kuthana ndi nthumwi zotsatirazi za mtundu wa barbs:
- barbus sumatran;
- nkhonya yamoto;
- barbus yamatcheri;
- kusintha kwa barbus;
- barbus denisoni;
- barbus wakuda;
- bulu wofiira;
- shaki wometa;
- barbus wobiriwira;
- barbus wokhazikika;
- barbus oseketsa
M'munsimu tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane oimira akuluakulu a barb, omwe ndi ofala kwambiri komanso otchuka. Poyang'ana zamtsogolo, ndikofunikira kunena mawu ochepa za mitundu ya ma barb.
Barbus wa Denisoni athandiziratu kuwononga malingaliro onse okhudzana ndi nsombazi - iyi si "yozungulira" yaying'ono, yomwe aliyense amaganiza za barb, koma nsomba yapakatikati yokhala ndi thupi lopingasa, lopindika lokutidwa ndi masikelo a silvery. Inde, mawonekedwe apamwamba a barbus - mikwingwirima, amasungidwa, koma mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, samanyozedwa, koma mthupi, molunjika kuchokera kumapeto kwa mphuno mpaka kumapeto kwa caudal.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi barbus imawoneka bwanji
Potchula mawu oti "barbus" m'malingaliro a anthu (ngati, zowonadi, si asayansi-ichthyologists) chithunzi cha nsomba yamizeremizere yachikasu imatuluka. Awa ndi malo omenyera a Sumatran, wokhala m'madzi okhala m'mizere yonse. Thupi la nsombayi ndi lalifupi, lokwera komanso lopanikizika pang'ono m'mbali.
Mukayatsa malingaliro anu, mutha kuzindikira kuti mawonekedwe a barbus ya Sumatran ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a carp crucian. Koma kukula kwake kumakhala kosiyana - mwachilengedwe, "achifwamba okhala ndi mizere" samakula kupitirira masentimita 15, ndipo mu ukapolo kukula kwawo sikupitilira ngakhale masentimita 8. Ndipo utoto wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri - ngakhale chikho chofananira chachikasu chofananira sichimakhala ndi mikwingwirima.
"Khadi loyimbira" la barbus ya Sumatran ndikusayina kwake mikwingwirima 4 yakuda, kuwoloka thupi la nsombayo molowera. Mikwingwirima yowopsa imawonekera pamchira womwewo - mbali imodzi, mbali inayo, mikwingwirayo imadutsa m'maso. Pali mzere wofiira wakumalire kumapeto kwa dorsal fin.
Moto wowotchera moto wodziwika bwino uli ndi thupi lowulungika, lotalikirana pang'ono m'litali, koma nthawi yomweyo limaphatikizanso mbali. Mtundu wa nsombayi, Amayi Achilengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yowala, yokongola komanso yokongola. Chosiyanitsa cha mitunduyi ndi kupezeka kwa mdima wowonekera womwe umadulidwa ndi bwalo lagolide.
Chidutswachi chili kutsogolo kwa mchira. Masikelo kumbuyo kwa barbus wamoto ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa azitona, koma mbali ndi mimba zili ndi zofiira zowala, zotchedwa ebb (ndiye amene adakhala chifukwa cha dzinali). Mosiyana ndi Sumatran barbus, "womenya nkhondo ndi fidget", nsombayi ikuwonetsa bata mwamtendere ndipo imagwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zonse, ngakhale m'madzi ang'onoang'ono. Koposa zonse, amapita kukakumana ndi abale awo - gulu la barb limakhala moyo wosakhazikika.
Pokhapokha ngati mikangano ingabuke ndi michira yotchinga ndi zotupa - kuwona "mawonekedwe" ake odabwitsa, ngakhale munthu wodekha uyu adzakumbukira komwe adachokera. Zotsatira zake, michira yapamwamba ndi zipsepse zidzawonongeka mopanda chiyembekezo. Chokhacho ndi nsomba zagolide. Zomenyera zawo sizikhudza, ngakhale ali mgulu - amachita mantha. Kapena kulemekezedwa - palibe amene adaphunzira kumvetsetsa chilankhulo cha nsomba.
Kodi barbus amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Barbus ya nsomba
Ponena za barbus ya Sumatran, funsoli siloyenera - kuchokera pa dzina ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti "kulembetsa" kwakukulu kwa nsomba iyi ndi chilumba cha Sumatra komanso madera oyandikana ndi Southeast Asia. Malo achilengedwe okhalamo moto ndi maiwe amadzi akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India.
Chofunikira chachikulu chomwe nsomba zowala komanso zachimwemwe zimapanga m'nyanjayi ndikusowa kwamphamvu kwambiri - malo osadzichepetsa adzaza nyanja kapena dziwe lomwe lili ndi madzi osayenda. Mitsinje yokhala ndi mafunde ofooka ndiyonso yoyenera.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Zomwe zidapezeka, kupatula ma aquarists, nsomba iyi imalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri azachipyologists. Ali ndi zikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri zoyeserera ndi omwe akuyimira gulu la nsomba zamathambo.
Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kumawerengedwa kuti ndi komwe kubadwira cherry barbus (makamaka chilumba cha Sri Lanka). Nsombayi imakhala (makamaka, pafupifupi abale ake onse) m'madzi othamanga komanso aulesi. Muyeso wina woyenera wosungira ndi wakuda, wamiyala pansi.
Ku Europe, barb cherry idafika koyamba mu 1936, ku USSR - mu 1959. Zofanana ndi Sumatran, chotchinga chofiira nthawi zambiri chimakhala m'malo azisangalalo. Palinso mtundu wa albino wa barb wa chitumbuwa, koma anthu awa amawerengedwa kuti asintha ndipo sakufunika pakati pamadzi am'madzi. Otsatsa ena amawagulitsa kwa oyamba kumene pamitengo yokwera - potengera "nsomba zopezeka m'malo otentha." Ndipo apa ndi pomwe kutsatsa kumagwira ntchito!
Barbus yotchulidwa pamwambapa Denisoni idapezeka koyamba ndi wofufuzayo, yemwe dzina lake adalisintha, m'madzi a Mtsinje wa Manimala (pafupi ndi mzinda wa Mundakayam, boma la Kerala, kumwera kwa India). Mitunduyi imadziwika chifukwa chofala kumadera aku India a Kerala ndi Karnataka. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka m'mabeseni a mitsinje ya Valapatanam, Chalia ndi Kupam.
Komabe, malo okhala pafupifupi onse oimira genbus ndi aquarium! Aquarium yabwino ya barbus iliyonse iyenera kukhala yopingasa, yopingasa (osatinso yozungulira) - izi ndizofunikira kuti nsomba zowotchera zizikhala ndi mwayi "wofulumira." Kukhalapo kwa zomera zoyandama, kuyatsa kowala, kusefera kwamphamvu ndi aeration ndizofunikira kuti pakhale kuswana bwino ndikusunga ma barb.
Kodi barbus amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Barbus yachikazi
Mwachilengedwe, nsombazi zimadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kafadala, nyongolotsi, mbozi, ndipo samanyoza chakudya chomera. Ma barb okhala ku aquarium amathandizidwa ndi chakudya wamba cha nsomba zonse zam'madzi - ma virus a magazi ndi daphnia.
Nsombazo zimapopera pa magazi a nyongolotsi omwe amaponyedwa mu aquarium ndi umbombo wodabwitsa (mosasamala kanthu kuti barb ndi njala kapena ayi). Nthawi yomweyo, atameza mbozi zingapo zamagazi, amasambira kuchoka pachakudya chotumizidwa ku aquarium osayandikiranso.
Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuti nsomba izi ndizodzichepetsa, zimadya mosangalala chakudya chamoyo komanso chowuma. Miphika yayikulu ya Sumatran imafunikira zowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya, ngakhale kuti iwowo amalimbana ndi kusaka kwawo podula zomera zam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi.
Amadya chakudya m'mbali yamadzi, koma, ngati kungafunike, amatha kupeza chakudya kuchokera kumtunda komanso pansi. Ngakhale amayenda kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ma barb amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Kutsiliza - kwa akulu ndikofunikira kukonza tsiku limodzi losala kudya. Kamodzi pamlungu, osati pafupipafupi.
Ndipo mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa posankha oyandikana nawo a barbus mu aquarium. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, barb ndiye amene amawononga kwambiri mazira komanso mwachangu nsomba zina ndi achule. Kuphatikiza apo, wakuba wamizeremizere samanyoza ana amunthu aliyense, kupatula, mtundu wake.
A barbs amapezanso zophatikizira zobisika ndipo amasangalala ndi caviar, yomwe imakhala ndi michere yambiri yothandiza. Kuphatikiza apo, omangidwa akusunga chizolowezi chonyansachi - adzawononga mazira a nsomba zina zilizonse, ndipo amatha kupita nazo pachiwopsezo cha miyoyo yawo.
Barbus sangasiyidwe pambali bola ngati dzira limodzi likhala bwino kapena mwachangu limodzi! Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kubzala nsomba mumtsinje wa aquarium, musawakhazikitse limodzi ndi ma barbs mulimonsemo - adzadya anawo, chitsimikizo ndi 100%. Ndipo musawonjezerepo nyama zazing'ono - nawonso adzavutika.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Red barbus
Kutalika kwa moyo wa ma barb ndi pafupifupi zaka 5-6 m'chilengedwe, ndi zaka 3-4 mu ukapolo (bola ngati nsomba zonse zofunika kuti azikhala mosangalala m'madzi akuwonetsedwa). Kutalika kwa moyo kwa ma barb onse ndikofanana. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chosangalatsa chomwe chimakonda kwambiri ndi kuzemba kuseri kwa zigamba zophimbidwa ndikuluma zidutswa za zipsepse zawo. Amachita izi chifukwa zipsepse zobiriwira zokha zimakwiyitsa, zimatenga malo ochulukirapo m'madzi ochepa. Ndizotheka kuti ma barb, okongoletsedwa moyenera ndi Amayi Achilengedwe, amasilira mdima wakuda abale awo opitirira muyeso.
Osadandaula, omvera modzichepetsa adzapulumuka ngakhale pakati pa akatswiri osaphunzira - pangakhale fyuluta yamadzi ndi malo othamangitsira ndege. Ndizomwezo, palibe china chilichonse chomwe chimafunikira - ndipo pankhani ya chakudya, nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimakonda kudya, zimadya chilichonse chomwe chingapatse. Ndipo musadyetse - omwera adzadzidyetsa okha mosangalala ndi masamba a zomera za m'madzi. Zinthu zikafika poipa, nsomba zina zimakhala chakudya - ngakhale cichlid sadzatha kulimbana ndi gulu la zitsamba.
Ma barbs amawonetsa chidwi chosagwirizana ndi ma guppies - nsomba zosakhazikika zokhala ndi michira yokongola, yokhotakhota, imayambitsa ziwawa zosakhudzidwa ndi ma barb (makamaka Sumatran). Pafupifupi sagwirizana ndi nsombazi mdera limodzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Barbus wamwamuna
M'malo opangira, ma barb amatha kubala nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Kulola kuti nsomba zizindikire bwino, zimafunika kusankha omwe akupanga ndikuwunika kukonzekera kwawo. Kutha kuberekana kumachitika mu nsomba zomwe zafika zaka pafupifupi 7-8, koma njira yokonzera omwe akupanga iyenera kuchitidwa kale kwambiri.
Ali ndi zaka 3.5-4 miyezi, nsomba zamitundu yowala kwambiri zimasankhidwa kuchokera kwa achichepere, kutengera msinkhu wa nsomba zomwe zikukula ndikupita ku aquarium yapadera. Kutentha kwamadzi komweko sikuyenera kupitirira 23-25 C. Izi ndichifukwa choti ngati kutentha kumakhala kokwera, ndiye kuti ma barbs adzafika msinkhu wogonana msanga. Koma monga zikuwonetsera, kusala sikutanthauza zabwino. Chowonadi ndichakuti zipsera zomwe zidafika msinkhu wokhudzana ndi kugonana sizidziwonetsa bwino pakubala masika.
Ma barbusses obereketsa, monga lamulo, amachitika awiriawiri osiyana. Komabe, njira yabwino ingakhale kukhazikitsanso gulu laling'ono (chosankha chachikazi ndi amuna awiri kapena awiri). Izi ziziwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mazira akuberekana. Pomwe nsomba zimakonzedwa bwino moyenera, nthawi yopuma imakhala maola angapo (nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'mawa).
Adani achilengedwe a zitsamba
Chithunzi: Kodi barbus imawoneka bwanji
Pali lamulo limodzi losangalatsa (komanso lomveka bwino) lomwe ma aquarists nthawi zambiri amaiwala za izo. Makamaka oyamba kumene. Mwina samangoganizira, kapena amakhulupirira mopanda nzeru kuti chifukwa cha zochitika zina sizigwira ntchito. Koma tsoka, izi sizili choncho.
Mitundu ya nsomba zomwe ndi adani (opikisana nawo) a barbus m'chilengedwe zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi kwa iye mu aquarium. Ndiye kuti, ngati omvera molimba mtima "sagwirizana" ndi tambala ndi ana agalu m'madamu otentha, ndiye kuti amenyananso nawo ku aquarium. Kukumbukira chibadwa, palibe chomwe mungachite. Nsombazi ndi adani awo pazachuma, chifukwa chake sangathe kukhala mwamtendere limodzi.
Mdani wina wolumbira wa barbs ndi gourami. Ngati nthawi zina amakhalabe ogwirizana ndi tambala (m'madzi am'madzi akuluakulu komanso kudyetsa modzipereka), ndiye akawona gourami, barbs nthawi yomweyo amapitiliza kukonza zinthu.
Mwinanso, pakadali pano, mpikisano wapaderadera udachita nawo - zakudya za gourami ndizofanana ndi zakudya za barbus, kotero kupikisana pa chakudya kumatha kuloledwa. Ndi mafotokozedwe omveka bwino bwanji! Kupatula apo, nsomba iliyonse imafuna kudya daphnia ndi ma virus a magazi, osakhutira ndi chakudya chomera ngati mphukira zazing'ono za algae.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Barbus ya nsomba
Chinachake, koma kutha kwa barbs sikuli pachiwopsezo. Osati pamalo achilengedwe, osati m'malo opangira. Nsombazi zimasunga chilengedwe chawo, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa oimira mitundu yopikisana kwambiri. Ndipo pakati pa ma aquarists, mafashoni a barbs sadzatha konse - nsombazi zimalumikizidwa mwamphamvu m'malingaliro a anthu monga gawo la aquarium iliyonse. Makamaka wamng'ono. Chifukwa chodzichepetsa komanso kutha kuzolowera ngakhale kupulumuka koteroko, komwe nsomba zina zilizonse zitha kufa, zimapangitsa barbus yaying'ono kukhala "mfumu" yamadziwe am'malo otentha komanso zam'madzi.
Chifukwa china chopulumukira ndikowononga kwakukulu kwa mazira a nsomba za mitundu yomwe ikulimbana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (chakudya ndi malo okhala). Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zomwe, zomwe "tsogolo lawo" limawonongedwa ndi achifwamba amizeremizere, sizimawononga zowalamulira. Ayi, osati chifukwa cha kutchuka kosafunikira. Ndipo chifukwa chomwe barbus imawabisa bwino kwambiri! Kuphatikiza apo, ndi nsomba zochepa zomwe zimatha kufunafuna caviar mwaluso ngati kansalu kakang'ono koma kochenjera kwambiri komanso kochenjera.
Ngakhale kutaya mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'minda sikunachititse kuti anthu azikhala ochepa - adazolowera kukhala ndi moyo chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi anthropogenic.
Barbus nyama yosazolowereka yomwe ili ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyana wina ndi mzake osati kunja kokha, komanso mwamakhalidwe, moyo, ndi zina zambiri. Chodziwika kwambiri chinali chotchinga chotchedwa Sumatran - nsomba zazing'ono zachikasu zimawonetsa zozizwitsa zakupulumuka, kuzolowera mosavuta chilichonse, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri. Zomwe zili mu vivo, zomwe zili mu aquarium.Izi zidalola kuti ma barb kukhala amodzi mwa nsomba zodziwika bwino pakati pamadzi am'madzi, makamaka oyamba kumene.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 25.08.2019 chaka
Tsiku losintha: 21.08.2019 ku 23:53
