Gelada - nyani, wosiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Ngakhale kuti ali ofanana ndi anyani monga anyani, amakhala ndi bata komanso osadya mwazi. Ma Gelads adapezeka osati kalekale, kotero kafukufuku wa anyani apaderawa akupitilizabe.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gelada
Gelada ndi wachibale wapamtima wa anyani. Chifukwa chokhala ndi malo ochepera, nyaniyu sapezeka kwambiri, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kolimba. Gelada ndi wa banja la anyani, lomwe limaphatikizapo anyani, ma drill, mandrill, hamadryas ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya anyani.
Oimira banja la anyani amatchedwanso nyani "wamutu wagalu", chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a chigaza cha nyama izi. Pomwe anyani ena chigaza chake chimakhala chosalala, pafupi ndi munthu wamunthu, anyani amakhala ndi chigaza chachitali, chachitali. Mphuno ya mphuno ndi yaing'ono kwambiri ndipo kutsegula kwa diso kumakhala kwakukulu.
Kanema: Gelada
M'mbuyomu, gelad adakhala m'gulu la anyani, koma pambuyo pake zidapezeka zomwe zidaloleza anyaniwa kukhala mitundu ina.
Anyani amagawika m'magulu awiri akulu:
- Anyani omnivorous omwe amadya nyama ndi zakudya zamasamba. Anthuwa amathanso kusaka mwakhama kapena sanyoza zakufa. Monga ulamuliro, anyani omnivorous ndi aukali kwambiri ndi zosayembekezereka. Nthawi zambiri anyani otere amakhala pansi, samakonda kukwera pamwamba pamitengo, ndipo amakhala akulu kukula;
- anyani odyetsa, omwe amakhala ndi moyo wokonda kudya kwambiri, kudya zipatso ndi masamba obiriwira.
Anyani am'banja la nyani amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe angapo. Mwachitsanzo, michira yawo imakhala yosagwira ntchito ndipo siyigwira ntchito yofunikira, kapena siyenda kwathunthu ndipo siyiyang'aniridwa ndi anyani. Nyani nthawi zambiri amatchula ma sciatic calluses, omwe amakwaniritsa gawo lawo pamasewera olimbirana. Komanso, oimira banjali amayenda miyendo inayi, ngakhale miyendo yakutsogolo ikugwira, yakula bwino kuposa yakumbuyo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi gelada amawoneka bwanji
Ma Gelads ndi anyani akulu okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ogonana. Akazi amalemera mpaka makilogalamu 12, ndipo amuna amatha kupitirira makilogalamu 20, ngakhale kutalika kwa thupi ndi kutalika kwawo kufota kuli kofanana. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 50-70 cm, wopanda mchira. Mchira womwewo ndi wautali, wolingana ndi anyani ena - pafupifupi masentimita 30-50. Mofanana ndi anyani, mchira wa gelad umakwiririka ku fupa la m'chiuno pafupifupi masentimita 10, kenako umapachika.
Ma geladi amakhala ndi malaya amdima - nthawi zambiri amakhala abulauni kapena auburn. Chifuwa, mkatikati mwa zikono, mimba ndi nsagwada m'munsi zimakhala zopepuka pang'ono (mwa akazi mtundu uwu umatha kufika poyera). Amuna ali ndi mane wonenepa kumbuyo kwa khosi womwe umafikira pachifuwa. Chovala cha Gelad ndi cholimba komanso cholimba; ali ndi malaya amkati otentha.
Mphuno ya gelad siitali komanso kutalika kwa anyani ena. Imakhala ndi kusintha kosavuta. Mphuno zili pafupi, septum imakhalanso yopapatiza. Ma Gelads amayenda ndi miyendo inayi, ndipo zala zakuphazi zakutsogolo zimapangidwa bwino pogwira ntchito. Maso a Gelad ali pafupi ndipo ali ndi mwana wakuda wakuda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Atakalamba, anyani ali ndi matenda omwe diso lawo limakhala lopanikizika ndikupanikizika ndipo mwana amatambasulidwa mozungulira.
Mbali yapadera ya gelad ndi malo ofiira pachifuwa. Mulibe tsitsi lonse ndipo mumakhalanso mtundu wonenepa kwambiri nthawi yakunyamula kwa anyani. Dera lofiirali lazunguliridwa ndi ubweya woyera, ndikutsindika kukhalapo kwake. Malowa ndi chifukwa cha mahomoni amtundu wa gelad, omwe palibe anyani ena ali nawo.
Kodi Gelada amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Monkey Gelada
Kupezeka kwa mitundu iyi kumachitika chifukwa cha malo apadera a gelad. Zowona ndizakuti zimakhazikika kumapiri akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia. Pali malo osungira a Simmen, momwe ma Gelads adakhala nthawi yayitali ngakhale asadapezeke ndi asayansi achilengedwe.
Malowa ali ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira. Awa ndi miyala, mapiri ndi malo otsetsereka, m'malo ena okhala ndiudzu, komanso m'malo - opanda kanthu. Pali mitengo yochepa kwambiri m'derali, motero anyani amathera nthawi yawo yonse pansi, osuntha mosavuta pakati pa miyala ndi miyala kapena kubisala muudzu.
Kutalika kwa mapiriwa kumatha kufikira 2-5 ma mita zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. Zinyama zambiri sizimagwirizana pamwambapa, ndipo ndizolemba pakati pa anyani (kupatula mitundu ya anyani omwe amakhala m'mitengo). Ma Gelads amakonda nyengo yowuma ndipo amatha kupirira chisanu. Ubweya wawo umawapatsa kutentha koyenera, chifukwa chake samakumana ndi zovuta m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi yotentha samavutika ndi kutentha.
Nthawi yomweyo, anyani amtunduwu amatha kukwera mitengo, ngakhale samachita izi kawirikawiri. Nthawi zina amatha kukwera kumbuyo kwa zipatso zosawerengeka kapena masamba okoma, koma samakwera kwambiri - kukula kwakukulu kwa ma gelads sikuwalola kuti azikhala olimba komanso osunthika mumitengo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyani wa Gelada amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi gelada amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gelada ku Ethiopia
Ngakhale ma gelads ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a anyani, amakhala odziwika bwino kwambiri. Dera lomwe akukhalamo mulibe zipatso zambiri, zipatso ndi zipatso zina, chifukwa chake anyani amakakamizidwa kudya chilichonse chomwe chili pansi pa phazi lawo.
Zakudya zamagulu zimaphatikizapo:
- udzu wobiriwira;
- mbewu;
- mizu;
- udzu wouma m'nyengo yozizira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ndizosowa kwambiri kuti ma Gelads amatha kupindula ndi nyama - nthawi zambiri awa ndi makoswe, anapiye, mbalame zakugwa kapena mazira a mbalame. Koma khalidweli ndilosowa kwambiri pakati pa ma gelad.
Kwa nthawi yayitali asayansi aphunzira za thanzi la gelad, osamvetsetsa momwe anyani amapulumukira pakudya kochepa kwambiri. Palibe magwero ena azakudya omwe apezeka, chifukwa chake akatswiri azachilengedwe azindikira kuti ma gelad ndi anyani odya kwambiri, zomwe ndizosowa pakati pa anyani.
Zala za gelisi zimasinthidwa kuti zizula udzu ndikukumba mizu. Anyani ndi osankhika pakusankha chakudya ndipo amadya kwenikweni zomera zonse zomwe zimabwera pansi pa phazi lawo. Komanso, ngati awona zipatso kapena zipatso zikukula pamwamba panthaka, amatha kukwera mokwera mokwanira kuti apindule ndi zokomazi.
M'chilimwe, pakakhala zomera zambiri mozungulira, ma gelads amatha kusankha masamba okoma kwambiri a udzu. Zala zawo ndizoyenda kwambiri, motero amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali ndikusanja nawo udzu, posankha zimayambira bwino kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: African Gelada
Ma Gelads amapanga magulu mpaka amuna asanu ndi akazi angapo. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali mgululi, monga lamulo, sichiposa anyani 15. Palinso magulu omwe amakhala ndi amuna achichepere - ndiye kuti pakhoza kukhala anthu opitilira 15 pagulu, koma ziweto zotere sizikhala zazifupi ndipo zimasweka msanga pomwe amuna amadzipezera okha akazi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ma Gelad ali ndi matriarchy. Udindo wazimayi ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa wamwamuna. Amayi ali ndi ufulu wosankha amuna oti azikwatirana nawo, komanso amasankha amuna omwe akukhala pagulu lawo ndi omwe akuyenera kuchoka. Ngati akazi olamulira samakonda champhongo pachinthu china, amamutulutsa ndi gulu limodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Utsogoleri pakati pa akazi sunafotokozedwe momveka bwino. Pali azimayi angapo a alpha, koma samapondereza akazi ena kapena kuwathamangitsa.
Magulu ena am'magulu amatha kupanga gulu la anthu pafupifupi 60. Mabungwe amenewa amapezeka, nthawi zambiri, m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti azitha kutentha ndikufunafuna chakudya limodzi kuti adyetse, choyambirira, achinyamata.
Gelads amasintha. Madzulo amaphatikizidwa pamiyala ndi miyala yayitali, pomwe amagona m'magulu, ndipo masana amabalalika kuderalo kufunafuna chakudya. Mwambiri, awa ndi anyani amtendere omwe amalola kuti akatswiri azachilengedwe ayandikire mokwanira, pafupifupi osawakonda.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Gelada Cub
Ma Geladi amakhala achisoni kwambiri nthawi yopanga. Amuna amatulutsa kulira kwachisomo, kukopa chidwi cha akazi. Nthawi zina amatha kukonza ndewu zowonetsera zomwe sizikhala motalika ndipo sizimabweretsa zotsatira zamagazi - mkazi amasankha bwenzi lamphamvu kwa iye yekha, pambuyo pake kukwatirana kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Mimba yokhala ndi pakati imachitika kwa miyezi isanu ndi theka. Monga lamulo, ana amodzi (osachepera kawiri - awiri) osalemera magalamu 460 amabadwa. Poyamba, kamwana kameneka kamakhala pamimba pa mayiyo, kakuyigwira ndi mawoko ake, kenako nkuyenda kumbuyo kwake. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu, ma gelads ang'onoang'ono amatha kuyenda mosadalira.
Ma geladi amadya mkaka kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Ziphuphu za gelisi zili pafupi kwambiri, choncho ngati pali mwana mmodzi yekha, zimadyetsa mawere awiri nthawi imodzi. Kuleredwa kwa ana kumachitika mgulu, koma amuna samatenga nawo gawo. Akazi amasamalira ana onse, makamaka kuthandiza azimayi omwe adabereka awiri nthawi imodzi.
Zosangalatsa: Ma geladas achikazi amabala usiku. Zifukwa za izi sizikudziwika.
Ma Gelads amafika pofika zaka zinayi, ngakhale akazi amatha kubereka atangotsala zaka zitatu. Koma amuna amabala ana awo oyamba asanakwanitse zaka zisanu ndi zitatu - izi zimachitika chifukwa chokhala pamaso pa akazi. Amuna achichepere samakonda kuwonetsa mphamvu zawo komanso luntha lawo pamaso pa akazi. Pafupifupi, ma gelads amakhala zaka 19. Anyaniwa samasungidwa kundende chifukwa chosowa kuthengo.
Adani achilengedwe a gelad
Chithunzi: Momwe Gelada amawonekera
Chifukwa chakuti ma Gelads amapezeka mdera lina lokha, alibe adani achilengedwe. Chifukwa cha ichi, ma gelad ali ndi chibadwa chocheperako chodziteteza - amalola kuti akatswiri azachilengedwe ayandikire, samachita ziwawa komanso samachita mantha. Ngati a Geladi azindikira kuopsa, amakangana. Pokhala imodzi mwa anyani omveka kwambiri padziko lapansi, ma geladeli amatha kuopseza adani ndi kufuula kwawo. Amasinthanso kamvekedwe ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu, komwe kumakhala kulumikizana kwaumunthu.
Mdani wamkulu wa Gelad ndi kambuku. Sikovuta kuti mphaka ameneyu azisaka anyani apamtunda, omwe, nthawi zambiri, alibe njira zothawira. Pakusaka, anyalugwe amasankha ana ndi akazi, kawirikawiri - amuna amodzi. Akambuku samayesa kulimba amuna anyani akuluakulu.
Komabe, ma geladas achimuna amatha kuteteza nkhosa ku ziweto. Amuna angapo molimba mtima amathamangira kwa chilombocho, akuchiwopseza ndi kusuntha kwaphazi ndi kulira kwakukulu. Anyani angapo a anyani akuluakuluwa amatha kupundula kapena kupha mphaka wamkulu, choncho akambuku amakonda kusaka nyama ina.
Ana a Gelad amathanso kuukiridwa ndi ziwombankhanga ndi mphamba, koma izi ndizochepa kwambiri. Ana aang'ono nthawi zonse amakhala atazunguliridwa ndi zazikazi kapena kumbuyo kwa amayi, ndipo anyani akuluakulu ali kale okhoza kuthamangitsa mbalame.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Gelada
Pa nthawi ya 2009, kuchuluka kwa ma gelad anali anthu zikwi 450. Ngakhale kuyambira 1970, chiwerengero chawo chatsala pang'ono kutha.
Panali zifukwa zingapo izi:
- Kukhazikitsa malo atsopano ngati nthaka yaulimi. Izi zidachepetsa chakudya cha gelad, chomwe chidawakakamiza kufunafuna malo okhala atsopano;
- kugwidwa kwa anyani kuti akafufuze za labotale;
- kusaka anyani kuti apeze nyama, yomwe yakhala ikudziwika kuti ndi mitundu yonse ya mankhwala;
- kuwombera amuna chifukwa cha khungu ndi manya osalala, omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika wakuda ndi ozembetsa nyama.
Pakadali pano, anyaniwo akhazikika m'nkhalangoyi, pomwe palibe chowopseza. Chiwerengero cha ma geladas ndi ochepa, koma osakhazikika - anthu ambiri okhala m'malo awo sangathe kudyetsa. Chifukwa chake, nyani zochepa zotere zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofala pamtundu uwu.
M'zaka zikubwerazi, asayansi akukonzekera kukhazikitsanso magulu ang'onoang'ono a ma gelad ku malo osungira ndi malo osungirako. Pafupifupi anyani chikwi chimodzi ndi theka okha omwe amasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama pakadali pano. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo komanso kupanda mantha, a Gelads amakhala bwino ndi anthu ndipo amaberekana bwino ali mu ukapolo.
Gelada - nthumwi yachilendo ya banja nyani. Ngakhale ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndi nyama zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimatha kupeza mphamvu zokwanira kuchokera ku zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri. Amakhalanso odekha pa anthu, kulola akatswiri azachilengedwe kuti aziyandikira okha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.09.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 23.08.2019 pa 17:11
