Mandrill - anyani omwe amadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe awo achilendo. Amawoneka kuti asonkhanitsa mitundu yonse ya utawaleza, kuchokera kufiyira mpaka kubuluu ndi kubiriwira. Anyaniwa ndi apadera chifukwa, monga lamulo, ndi nsomba kapena mbalame zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yotere.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mandrill
Mandrill (kapena "sphinx") ndi am'banja la anyani komanso mtundu wa mandrill. M'mbuyomu, mtunduwu udkaganiziridwa mgulu la anyani, koma, chifukwa cha kafukufuku waposachedwa, tsopano amadziwika mosiyana. Oimira banja la anyani amatchedwanso "anyani amutu" kapena anyani amphuno yopapatiza. Mayina onse amalankhula okha. Kapangidwe ka chigaza cha anyani otere kamafanana ndi mutu wa galu, ndipo mafinya amphuno ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Kanema: Mandrill
Banja la anyani ndilolemera kwambiri, logawika m'magulu awiri:
- yoyamba ndi anyani omnivorous, omwe amaphatikizapo mandrill. Anyaniwa amatha kugaya chakudya chilichonse, amakhalanso osakira ndipo ndiopsa mtima kwambiri;
- yachiwiri - awa ndi anyani, makamaka odyetsa, ngakhale atha kupanga zosowa zochepa pokomera chakudya cha nyama. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma langurs, nosy, matupi amafuta.
Anyani ndi banja lofala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha malo awo okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amoyo, ali ndi makulidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amasiyana pang'ono mofanana morphologically. Banja limawoneka limodzi: maziko a chigaza ndi mafupa oyenera. Chigoba nthawi zonse chimakhala chotalikirana, ndi ma canine ataliatali. Nyani amayenda pamiyendo inayi yokha, pomwe miyendo yakutsogolo imakula kwambiri kuposa yakumbuyo. Mchira sugwira ntchito iliyonse - anyani sangathe kuyisuntha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi mandrill amawoneka bwanji
Mandrill ndi anyani akulu akulu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ogonana. Amuna ndi owala komanso okulirapo kuposa akazi, amakhala ndi malaya odera ndipo asonkhanitsa mitundu mitundu yambiri yachilendo yosiyana ndi zinyama. Kutalika kwaimuna kumafota ndi pafupifupi masentimita 80, kulemera kwake kumatha kupitilira 50 kg. Akazi samaposa 60 cm kutalika, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumakhala pafupifupi 15 kg. Ma mandrill onse amakhala ndi mchira wawufupi - 3-6 cm yokha - uwu ndiye mchira wawufupi kwambiri pabanja lonse la anyani.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ma mandrill ena achikazi alibe mchira konse.
Mphuno ya mandrill ili ndi mtundu wofiyira wowala. Ma cartilaginous embossed grooves, omwe ndi amtambo kapena buluu, amadutsa pamenepo. Chovala chakumaso ndi chalanje, chofiira kapena choyera, kutengera malo omwe mandrill amakhala. Male mandrill, monga anyani, amatchedwa ischial callus - imamwalira osachepera masentimita 10. Chodziwika ndichakuti imapangidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira - kuchokera kufiira mpaka kubuluu ndi utoto. Kumbuyo kulibe ubweya, kotero mitundu iyi imawonekera bwino.
Mandrill ali ndi malaya akuda, koma alibe malaya amkati. Awa ndi tsitsi locheperako la bulauni kapena bulauni wakuda. Khosi ndi mimba ya anyani ndi zoyera, kapena mopepuka.
Mandrill amayenda pamiyendo inayi yokha, yomwe imapangidwa mokwanira kuti nyani azitha kukwera mitengo ndikuthamanga mwachangu. Malerill achimuna akuwonetsa mane wokulirapo womwe umapanga mutu.
Amuna ndi akazi onse amakhala ndi mutu wopotoloka wokhala ndi chifupa chachikulu cha mphuno. Pofotokoza kukwiya kapena kuyasamula, titha kuwona mano akulu akulu oyera omwe ali nsagwada zonse ziwiri. Maso a anyaniwo ndi ochepa, pansi pamiyala yayikulu kwambiri - chifukwa cha izi, ma mandrill amawoneka owopsa kwambiri.
Kodi mandrill amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Monkey Mandrill
Mandrill kwa nthawi yayitali amawerengedwa ngati achibale apamtima kwambiri a anyani, koma umboni wokhudzana kukhathamira kwapadera kwawonetsa kuti sizili choncho. Mandrill ndi anyani amapezeka kawirikawiri kuthengo chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana.
Mandrill amakhala m'malo otsatirawa ku West Africa:
- Gabon;
- kumwera kwa Cameroon;
- khalani pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Congo.
Mosiyana ndi anyani, mandrill amasankha nkhalango zowirira. Anyaniwa amatha kuzolowera mitengo. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa pokhala panthambi zazitali pamwamba panthaka. Ngakhale ma mandrill ambiri amakhala apadziko lapansi. Ndi kawirikawiri kuwona magulu ang'onoang'ono a mandrill kapena osakwatira ku savannah. Awa ndi amuna, othamangitsidwa m'gulu lawo komanso ogwirizana m'magulu achichepere. Ngati ma mandrill apita ku savannah, zikutanthauza kuti sakanatenganso madera atsopano m'nkhalango zamvula. Ma mandrill awa samakhalabe ndi moyo.
Ngakhale amawoneka owoneka bwino komanso okwiya, amakumana ndi kukana kwa anyani, komanso amakhala ozunzidwa ndikusaka nyama zazikulu. Komabe, ndichifukwa chake kutulutsa ma mandril kupita ku savannah komwe kumawoloka mozama ndi ma hamadryas ndi anyani kumachitika. Amabereka ana omwe amathanso kubereka. Mchitidwewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kumalo osungira nyama.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe anyani a mandrill amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi mandrill amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Baboon Mandrill
Mandrill ndi omnivorous komanso osusuka.
Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha nyama chiyenera kuphatikizapo:
- tizilombo ta mapuloteni - nyerere, chiswe, mphutsi, ziwala;
- nkhono ngakhale zinkhanira zakupha zitha kudyedwa ndi mandrill;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono, achule, mbalame;
- mazira mbalame ndi anapiye aswa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mandrill amakhala odekha pakudya zakudya zotsalira pambuyo pa nyama zina. Mwachitsanzo, anyani okhazikika amatha kukwera pamwamba pomwe mbira sizingafikire ndikutsitsa mwangozi zipatso kapena zidutswa za zipatso, zomwe zimadya mandrill.
Mandrill amatha kusaka mwachangu. Ngati nyama iliyonse yokhala ndi ziboda zotere imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi gulu lawo, ndiye kuti nyamayi imathamangira ndikuipha mothandizidwa ndi zibambo zazikulu. Kenako chakudya chimenechi chidzakwanira gulu lonse. Komabe, anyaniwa amafinya chifukwa cha zovunda. Sadzadya nyama ya nyama zosiyanasiyana, koma amakonda kudya zomera.
Mwachitsanzo, mandrill yokhazikika pazakudya imatha kuphatikiza:
- zipatso zosiyanasiyana;
- masamba obiriwira;
- mbewu ndi mizu;
- mtedza;
- khungwa lofewa, nthambi zowonda, zimayambira chomera.
Zakudya zodyera zimapanga zoposa 90 peresenti ya mandrill. Amalimbana mosavuta ndi chipolopolo cholimba cha mtedza, amafunitsitsa kuti azivala zipatsozo - osati zowawa zokha, komanso zala zawo zimawathandiza kutero. Mu ukapolo, zipatso zouma, kanyumba tchizi, chimanga chosiyanasiyana, nyama yophika, mazira ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimawonjezeredwa pachakudya cha anyaniwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Primate Mandrill
Monga anyani, ma mandrill amakhala m'mabanja akulu mpaka 30, osachepera - 50 anthu. Aliyense amene ali phukusili ndi wachibale. Nthawi zonse mumakhala akazi ambiri kuposa amuna, ndipo gawo lalikulu la akazi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi ana aang'ono. Phukusili limatsogozedwa ndi alpha wamwamuna yemwe amayang'anira kutsatiridwa kwa maudindo omveka bwino. Anyaniwa ndi nyama zakutchire ndipo savomereza kusuntha. Amasamukira kumalo ena pokhapokha ngati akusowa chakudya, madzi kapena zoopsa pamoyo wawo.
Chowonadi ndichakuti kuthengo, gulu lililonse limakhala ndi malo pafupifupi 50 kilomita lalikulu, ndipo kuphwanya malire kumatha kuyambitsa mikangano yamagazi ndi ziweto zina. Komano, ngati pali chakudya chochuluka, ndiye kuti mabanja amatha kulumikizana, ndikupanga gulu la mitu mpaka mazana awiri. Chakudyacho chikauma, gululo limagaŵananso m'mabanja ndikubalalika kumadera awo.
Nyemba zimasinthasintha. M'mawa, akuluakulu amapita kukafunafuna chakudya: amayang'anitsitsa masambawo, amatembenuza miyala, kukwera nthambi zazitali. Atatha kudya kadzutsa, amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti azikonzekeretsa - mwambo wofunikira kwa anyani omwe amawonetsa maubale omwe ali mgululi.
Ma mandrill aana amakhala nthawi yayitali akusewera, pomwe amaphunzira maukadaulo opulumuka. Amuna otsika amatha kutsutsana nthawi ndi nthawi, koma palibe amene angawononge ufulu wa mtsogoleriyo. Mtsogoleriyo ayenera kusankha malo oti azidyetsera ndikuwongolera mikangano yabanja. Mandrill ali ndi mawu omveka bwino otengera kusuntha kwa thupi ndi mawu, koma mtsogoleriyo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nkhanza. Anyamata ena achichepere amatha kutsutsana ndi mtsogoleriyo pofuna kulanda mphamvu. Izi ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati wamwamuna ali wokalamba kale ndipo sangathe kubweza kwathunthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mandrill wochokera ku Red Book
Mandrill amakhala ndi nyengo yokhwima yomwe ndi Julayi-Okutobala. Ino ndi nthawi yachilala, pomwe mandrill sangathe kudyetsa ndi kuswana. Amuna okwatirana opambana ndi akazi onse omwe alibe ana ndipo ali a msinkhu wobereka. Amayi amalephera kuthana ndi amuna ena. Amuna amakhala ndi akazi angapo a alpha, omwe amawaphimba koyamba. Zazikazi zimawongolera ubale wapakati pa zazikazi zina pagulu ndikuthandizira aliyense kusamalira ana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mutha kudziwa kufunitsitsa kwazimayi kuti akwatirane ndi mphamvu ya mtundu wa ischial callus - momwe imakhalira, ndi pomwe mkazi amakhala wokonzekera kubadwa kwa mwana.
Nthawi ya bere imatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu, pomwe mkazi amachita bizinesi yake popanda vuto. Kubereka kumachitika msanga, koma akazi achikulire amathandiza achinyamata powalimbikitsa. Mkazi amabala mwana m'modzi, nthawi zambiri samabereka ana awiri. Mkazi nthawi yomweyo amayika mwana wakhanda pachifuwa, ndikumadyetsa mkaka wamafuta. Kwa milungu itatu yoyambirira, mwana wamphongo amayenda atakakamira m'mimba mwa mayi. Akangophunzira kudya zakudya zamasamba, mwana wamwamuna amasamukira kumbuyo kwa amayi ake.
Ana akuleredwa ndi gulu lonse. Amayi amatha kutenga ana a anthu ena kuti adyetse - izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati wamkazi wokhala ndi mwana wamng'ono amamwalira. Anyani amakhala odziyimira pawokha pokha pofika chaka chachitatu cha moyo, komabe ngakhale kulumikizana ndi mayi kumatsalira. Akuluakulu amakonda kuchezera amayi awo usiku ndikukagona pafupi nawo. Amayi achikulire amakhala "akazi" a mtsogoleri wawo wa abambo, ndipo amuna akulu amasiya banja, ndikupanga magulu awo. Nthawi zina akazi ena amatha kutsatira. Zikatero, alpha wamwamuna amayesa kuthamangitsa mkaziyo pomukakamiza kumbuyo. Koma nthawi zambiri akazi amatha kuwonetsa zofananira, chifukwa chake mtsogoleri amawalola modekha kutsatira mwana wamwamuna.
Adani achilengedwe a mandrill
Chithunzi: Mandrill
Mandrill amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, momwe mwina ndizomwe zimadya nyama zambiri. Maonekedwe awo osangalatsa, kupsa mtima, phokoso ndi milomo yayitali zimawapangitsa kukhala adani oopsa.
Palibe zolusa zambiri zomwe zimakumana nazo:
- akambuku. Ndi chiweto choopsa kwambiri cha mandrill. Amatha kubisalira anyani pamtengo pomwepo. Nyalugwe amapha msangamsanga msanga, ndikuluma khosi lake ndikulepheretsa kuti asatsutse. Pambuyo pa kupha, amakokera nyaniyo pamtengo, komwe amadya. Nyalugwe akawonedwa atabisala, anyaniwo amapanga phokoso ndikubalalika pakati pamitengo. Mtsogoleriyo, nayenso, ayenera kumenyana ndi kambuku kuti ateteze banja lake. Nthawi zambiri izi zimathera pakufa kwa mtsogoleri, koma nyalugwe samamwalira ndi mandrill, pakagwa ngozi yayikulu amathawa;
- mimbulu. Njoka zazikulu zimadya modzipereka pakukula kwa mandrill. Zimakhala zovuta kuziwona zobisalira pakati pa masamba Makamaka njoka zazikulu zimatha kupinimbiritsa ngakhale wamkazi wamkulu, kumumeza kwathunthu. Anyani amaletsa mwachangu nsato: Njoka ikagwira mwana, mayi amaimenya ndikung'amba ndi manja ake kuti apulumutse mwana wake;
- mbalame zina zazikulu. Amamenya ma mandril pafupipafupi kuposa ena onse, chifukwa mandrill nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wapadziko lapansi, ndipo mbalame zodya nyama zimakonda kusaka pogwira anyani kuchokera kuma nthambi amitengo. Komabe, ma mandrill achichepere amawopsezedwa ndikukwera pamwamba kwambiri chifukwa chofuna kudziwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi mandrill amawoneka bwanji
Mandrill akuphatikizidwa mu Red Book atawopsezedwa kuti atha. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anyani ndi kwakukulu, kwatsika ndi makumi anayi peresenti pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi. Mandrill, monga anyani, ndi tizirombo. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi midzi, komwe amayamba kuba ng'ombe zazing'ono. Komanso, pofufuza zinyalala, mandrill amakhala onyamula matenda owopsa. Chifukwa chaukali komanso kukula kwake, kuwombana pakati pa anthu ndi ma mandrill nthawi zina kumatha kuvulala kwambiri kwa anthu kapena kufa kumene. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti anthu awononge ma mandrill.
Chosangalatsa: Gulu lalikulu kwambiri limakhala ku Gabon National Park - lili ndi mandrill pafupifupi chikwi ndi theka. Adalumikizana kwathunthu ndipo sanasiyane kwazaka zingapo.
Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kukuwononga malo achilengedwe a nyani. Chifukwa cha ichi, achinyamata ndi achinyamata amamwalira. Mabanja amakakamizika kusintha moyo wosamukasamuka, kufunafuna chakudya chatsopano, chifukwa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi nyama zomwe mandrill amadyetsa. Nyama ya mandrill imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino pakati pa anthu aku Gabon. Izi sizinakhudze kwambiri anthu, koma zidathandizira kutha kwa ma mandrill.
Kuteteza mandrill
Chithunzi: Monkey Mandrill
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti mitunduyi idzakhalabe yotetezeka ndi chitetezo choyenera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti anyaniwa amakhala bwino mu ukapolo - choyambirira, kumalo osungira nyama. Zimaswana mosavuta ndipo zimazolowera anthu msanga.
Ngakhale nyama zobadwira kumalo osungira nyama zikamacheza kwambiri ndi anthu, zimasinthasintha moyo wawo. Mabanja a Mandrill omwe adalembedwa m'malo osungira nyama amatulutsidwa kuthengo ndipo adasinthidwa kukhala kuthengo. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhazikika pamalingaliro kwa anthu, osawachitira nkhanza nzika zakomweko.
African National Parks ili ndi gawo lofunikira posunga anthu. Kusaka ndikoletsedwa mdera lawo, ndipo nyama zimakhala padera kwa anthu, koma nthawi yomweyo kuyang'aniridwa ndi asayansi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikuzindikira mawonekedwe a nyama, zomwe zingathandizenso kuteteza mitunduyo.
Mandrill - nyani wamkulu komanso wachilendo. Ndiukali wawo wachilengedwe, ali mu ukapolo, amazolowera anthu mwachangu. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwawo kuli pachiwopsezo, asayansi akuyesetsa kwambiri kuti nyama zapaderazi zisathe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/06/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/28/2019 ku 22:11
