Chigoba cha Sumatran - nsomba zamadzi oyera zomwe zimakhala pakati pa aquarium. Ili ndi mawonekedwe okongola omwe amakopa ma aquarists ambiri ndipo ndiotchuka kwambiri. Komabe, siyabwino ma aquariums onse. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi mtima wolimba, chifukwa chake chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa mukamazisunga mumtsinje womwe mumagawana nawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sumatran Barbus
Chigoba cha Sumatran chimachokera kubanja la carp ndipo dzina lake lasayansi ndi Puntius tetrazona. Nsombazi zimapezeka ku Indonesia ku Southeast Asia. Pali mtundu wa albino ndi mtundu wobiriwira, onsewo amasambira mwachangu ndipo amakonda kuseka nsomba zina. Ndiwothamanga kwambiri, osambira bwino kwambiri, nthawi zonse amayenda m'madzi otseguka, ndipo amakonda kuthamangitsa ndikunyamula zipsepse za mitundu ina yodekha. Chiwombankhanga cha Sumatran chimakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kanema: Sumatran Barbus
Barb ya Sumatran ndi nsomba yomwe imakonda kupezeka m'madzi a m'nyanja. Ndi woipitsa wamkulu komanso wogula wamkulu wa oxygen yemwe amafunikira kusefera kwabwino komanso kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi. Ndiwosambira bwino kwambiri, kutalika kwa aquarium kwa iye yekha kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1m masentimita 20. Pofuna kupewa ziwombankhanga ndi nsomba zina mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kuwasunga 10 minima. Kukongola kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake ziziwoneka bwino m'nyanja yayikulu yokhala ndi kampani yabwino kuposa kukhala nokha m'nyanja yam'madzi, ngakhale kukhathamira kwake komanso nkhanza zake zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo ikhale yovuta.
Zosangalatsa: Nsomba zathanzi zidzakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino, ndi utoto wofiirira kumapeto kwa mchira, zipsepse, ndi mphuno.
Sumatran Barbus ndiyosavuta kuyisamalira ndipo idzafika mpaka mainchesi 7-20 masentimita ikakhwima, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kusungidwa mumtambo wa aquarium.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi barbus ya Sumatran imawoneka bwanji
Thupi la Sumatran barbus limakhala lokhazikika, pakamwa pake nlozungulira, popanda magawo. Mzere wotsatira sutha. Mtundu wonse ndi wonyezimira, kumbuyo kwake ndi bulauni-bulauni, mbali zake ndi kuwala kofiira.
Thupi liri ndi mikwingwirima inayi yakuda yopingasa ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira azitsulo:
- woyamba mitanda diso ndipo pafupifupi kuwoloka m'mphepete m'munsi mwa fupa branchial;
- yachiwiri, yomwe ili patsogolo pang'ono kumbuyo, makamaka imafikira pamzere wamkati, koma imasinthasintha, ndipo nthawi zina imakhalapo;
- lachitatu lili moyandikana ndi malo akuda akulu, omwe amakhala pansi ponse kumbuyo ndipo amatambasulidwa kumunsi kwa anus;
- mzere wachinayi umathetsa chikoka cha caudal.
Zipsepse zam'chiuno ndi zam'mbali zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, zipsepse za anal ndi caudal ndizofiyira pang'ono, ndizosiyanasiyana kutengera msinkhu wa nsombazo. Mphunoyi imakhala yofiira pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala kusintha kosasintha kapena pang'ono: dera lakuda lakumaso ndi maso amitundu yakuda kapena albino, kapena dera lamimba lakuda lobiriwira.
Chomwera cha Sumatran ndi nsomba yokongola yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wazaka 5, barb ya Sumatran imatha kukula mpaka 7 cm mutakula.
Kodi barbus ya Sumatran imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Red Sumatran Barbus
Mitundu imeneyi yakhala ikuyimiriridwa ndikukula m'mayiko ambiri ngati nsomba zokongoletsera, koma zina zidathawira m'mitsinje yakomweko kuchokera kuzilumba za Sumatra ndi Borneo. Barb ya Sumatran ndi ya gulu lazingwe zazingwe zazingwe zochokera m'chigawo cha Indo-Malay. Nyama ndi yovuta kukonza. Pafupi pomwepo pali mphonje yamizere inayi ya Malay Peninsula, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tosiyanasiyana ndi zina zosiyana.
Mafomu onsewa adatumizidwa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo (1933 - 1935 ku Germany); komabe, pomwe bala ya Sumatran yakhala imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri pakati pa ochita zosangalatsa, kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba kameneka kakuwonongeka, kakhala kovuta pamsika. Gulu lalikulu la Barbus lochokera kubanja laling'ono la Barbinae limakhala m'madzi oyera ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa. Mwa magawo ambiri, omwe, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, amawerengedwa kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Otsatirawa ndi ofunika kudziwa:
- Barbus;
- Puntius;
- Systomus;
- Capoeta;
- Barbodes.
Olemba ena adayika zamoyo zazing'ono zonse mu mtundu wa Puntius, ndipo mtundu wa Barbus umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yayikulu yaku Europe. Olemba enawagawa pakati pa Puntius, Capoeta ndi Barbode. Pomaliza, mtundu wa Systomus udapambana mu 2013, koma katswiri wazachipatala waku Switzerland a Maurice Kottelat adaika zamoyozi mu Genus Puntigrus yatsopano mu Novembala 2013 pakufalitsa dzina.
Mwachilengedwe, bala la Sumatran limakhala m'madzi amchere. Kuchulukitsa kwa madzi kumachokera pakuwonongeka kwa zomera. Chodabwitsa ichi chimasintha mtundu wamadzi, womwe umasanduka bulauni. M'madera ena omwe ali olemera kwambiri pazinthu zachilengedwe, madzi amasintha kotero kuti amadziwika kuti ndi wakuda. Mitunduyi imayamba kuzama m'malo osakhala ndi zomera zambiri (zomera zam'madzi ndi zouma, zowola, nthambi, ndi zina zambiri). Nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala ya mchenga ndi humus. Sumatran barb ndi nsomba yomwe imakhala mwachilengedwe mpaka kutentha pakati pa 26 ° C mpaka 29 ° C. PH yamadzi imakhala pakati pa 5.0 mpaka 6.5.
Kodi barbus ya Sumatran imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Sumatran barb mu aquarium
Khola la Sumatran ndilopambana ndipo limavomereza chakudya chonse chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa nsomba zam'madzi, koma limakonda nyama zamoyo. Kumtchire, chometera chimadyetsa nyongolotsi, tizinyama tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zobzala. Simuyenera kuwagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, chifukwa sakudziwa momwe angachepetsere zosowa zawo.
Adzadya chilichonse chomwe mungawapatse, kuphatikiza nsomba zam'madera otentha. Zakudya zonse ziyenera kulowetsedwa pasanathe mphindi zitatu. Mukamadyetsa zitsamba za Sumatran, mutha kusinthana ndi chakudya chouma komanso chowuma, koma musaiwale zamasamba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Amuna a zigoba za Sumatran amakhala ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi matupi okhazikika.
Zakudya zowuma ndizoyenera kuwadyetsa, koma nsomba izi zimakonda kudya nyama kapena, ngati palibe, zimatha kudya mazira: brine shrimp, tubifex, grindala, mphutsi za udzudzu, daphnia, ndi zina. Zina mwa zakudya zawo ziyenera kukhala zamasamba monga ndere (mwachitsanzo, spirulina). Nsomba zamasamba zimalimbikitsidwanso posankha chakudya tsiku lililonse.
Miphika ya Sumatran ndi nsomba zokongola, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwapatsa chakudya chomwe chithandizira mtundu wawo komanso thanzi lawo lonse. Kuti awonjezere kudya kwa mapuloteni, nsombazi zizisangalala kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso zamoyo, kuphatikiza nkhaka, daphnia ndi zina.
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za zomwe zili mu Sumatran barbus. Tiyeni tiwone momwe nsomba zimakhalira kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Sumatran Barbus Wachikazi
Barb ya Sumatran ili ndi mawonekedwe ambiri. Zitha kukhala zankhanza kwambiri, makamaka ngati zasungidwa mu thanki yaying'ono. Monga ma barb ambiri, amakhala wokangalika komanso wamphamvu, amakhala ndi chibwenzi ndipo amayenera kukhala ndi wina pafupi (ndikofunikira kupanga gulu la 1 wamwamuna mpaka wamkazi). Kukula kwa aquarium, m'pamenenso nsomba izi zidzakhala zanzeru ndi mitundu ina.
Zowonadi, m'malo mwake amuna amayamba kukangana ndikupitilizabe kumenya nkhondo kuti azisamalira akazi. Zotsatira zake, nkhanza sizingakhale zopanda tanthauzo. Mudzaonanso mitundu yokongola kwambiri mukamasunga ma barat a Sumatran ambiri: awa ndi amuna opikisana omwe amadzionetsera pamaso pa akazi.
Mitunduyi imakonda kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi miyala yambiri, mitengo, ndi zokongoletsera kuti musambire ndikubisalamo. Malo okhala m'nyanja zazitali sizofunikira, koma amathandizira kuti nsomba zanu zizisangalala ndikuwapatsa malo okwanira kuti aberekane bwino.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Sumatran barbs amakonda kupanga malamulo mu aquarium ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali kuthamangitsa anthu ena. Amakhalanso ndi chizolowezi choluma china chilichonse kupatula chakudya: dzanja, ndodo za nsomba, kapena zipsepse. Ngati isungidwa pagulu laling'ono kwambiri kapena ili yokha, nsomba iyi imatha kuchita nkhanza ndi anthu ena okhala m'nyanjayi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nsomba ya Sumatran Barbus
Kuberekanso kwa Sumatran barbus mu aquarium kumakhalabe kotheka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha aquarium yapadera kuti mupatse malo nsomba mukadzakula. Ikani gridi loteteza pansi pa aquarium iyi (15 L) ndikukongoletsa ndi masamba omwe ali ndi masamba ochepa ngati moss. Dzazeni ndi madzi ndikulinga kutentha kwa 26 ° C ndi pH ya 6.5 / 7. Onjezerani peat ngati zingatheke. Konzekerani makolo anu powapatsa nyama zambiri.
Akazi akawoneka kuti alibe kulemera, sankhani awiri ndikuwayika mu thanki yoberekera. Amuna amakhala aukali kwambiri ndipo amatha kupha amayi osakhala ndi pakati. Chifukwa chake, ngati kubala sikukuchitika m'maola 24, ndibwino kugawaniza awiriwo ndikuyesanso nthawi ina. Ma barb onse ndi oviparous. Mazira amaikidwa m'mazira 8-12 mukalasi, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi akazi.
Nsomba zimakumanirana m'magulu azomera ndipo, ndikunjenjemera kwamphamvu, zimatulutsa nyundo ndi mazira (mpaka 500 - 600). Dzira lotalikilapo mwina la 60 cm. Limadzazidwa ndi madzi abwino, makamaka pH 6.5-7 komanso yatsopano (yodzaza ndi mpweya wabwino), ndipo imapatsidwa timitengo tingapo ta zomera kapena zopangira zoberekera (ulusi wa mtundu wa nayiloni). Kutentha kwamadzi ndikotsika pang'ono (2 ° C) kuposa kwa oweta.
Amayikira mazira madzulo ndipo, monga lamulo, omalizira adzagona mpaka m'mawa mwake. Dzuwa lotuluka limathandizira pantchitoyi. Makolo akuchotsedwa kumapeto kwa kukhazikitsa. Kuswa kumachitika mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 48. Nsomba akhanda ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi ciliates kwa masiku 4 kapena 5 woyamba. Amakula mofulumira ndipo, ngati aquarium ndi yayikulu mokwanira, achinyamata amaikira mazira ali ndi miyezi ya 10-12.
Adani achilengedwe a zigwa za Sumatran
Chithunzi: Kodi bus ya Sumatran imawoneka bwanji
Zomenyera ku Sumatran zili ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Sumatra ili ndi dzuwa lambiri ndipo ndikosavuta kuwona nsombazi m'madzi oyera. Koma mtundu wawo wachikaso wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda umathandiza kubisalira adani. Amatsikira kumchenga mpaka pansi ndipo amachitikira pakati pa mapesi a namsongole, ndipo simudzawawona komweko. Mdima wakuda pamchenga wachikaso uli ngati mikwingwirima pamatumba a Sumatran.
Mtundu uwu ukuopsezedwa ndi matenda. Matenda onse a nsomba amagawika m'matenda opatsirana (omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ma virus, mabakiteriya, bowa ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana) komanso osapatsirana (mwachitsanzo, matenda obadwa nawo kapena poyizoni chifukwa chachilengedwe). Mwambiri, zigoba za Sumatran zimadziwika ndi thanzi labwino ndipo samadwala kawirikawiri. Matenda omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi "chikhalidwe": nthawi zambiri amadzipweteka okha. Kuchiza milandu yotere ndikosavuta - njala ndi njala yokhayo. Komabe, iwo, monga nzika zilizonse zam'madzi am'madzi, nthawi zina amadwala matenda opatsirana, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kwa amateur wopanda katswiri kuti adziwe matenda ake.
Mawanga oyera aliwonse athupi la nsomba amatanthauza kuti tiziromboti tosavuta takhazikika mmenemo. Dzina lofala la matendawa ndi ichthyophthyriosis. Kuyenda kwa protozoan mu aquarium ndikosavuta, ndipo kuchotsa tiziromboti sikophweka. Ngati mawanga oyera amapangidwa pamutu, pafupi ndi mphuno, ndikusandulika zilonda, ndiye kuti mwina nsomba zikudwala hexamitosis, matenda ena opatsirana. Nthawi zina, kusintha kosasintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi kumatha kuthandizira kuthandizira zonsezi, koma othandizira apadera monga miconazole kapena trypaflavin ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Sumatran barbs
Anthu amtunduwu sawopsezedwa ndi zoopsa zakunja. Mitundu ya barb ya Sumatran imafala kwambiri pamalonda a aquarium. Kuti mukhale nayo, ndibwino kuti muziika anthu osachepera 8 mumtsinje wa aquarium wokhala ndi malita osachepera 160. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yamagulu ndiyofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Nyama imatha kupsa mtima ngati pali nsomba zina zochepa mozungulira. Kusakaniza mitundu ingapo yomwe imakhala mdera lomwelo sikuvomerezeka pokhapokha voliyumuyo isagwirizane.
Popeza bala la Sumatran mwachilengedwe limakhala m'madzi amchere, kukhazikitsidwa kwa peat fyuluta ndikofunikira kuti muyese bwino. Kuphatikiza kwa masamba a zipatso za alder ndi zipatso kumatha kusintha kwambiri momwe zimasungidwira ndikuwonjezera mwachilengedwe acidity yamadzi. Mitunduyi imakhala m'dera lomwe limakhala ndi zomera zambiri. Kuwonjezera pa zomera kumamupatsa malo osiyanasiyana obisalako omwe angachepetse nkhawa zake. Pofuna kusamalira mitundu iyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nitrate ikhale pansi pa 50 mg / l, ndikupanganso madzi 20% mpaka 30% pamwezi, ndipo madziwo ayenera kukhala otentha. Pogwiritsa ntchito moyo wothandiza, bala labwino la Sumatran limakhala zaka 5 mpaka 10.
Chigoba cha Sumatran Ndi nsomba yabwino kwambiri yosungidwa mumchere, koma kupezeka pamodzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono ziyenera kupewedwa. Iyi ndi nsomba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira m'magulu ndipo siyingathe kukula popanda oyandikana nawo. Kwa oyandikana nawo, mwachitsanzo, nsomba za tetra, zebrafish, nthenda yamathanga ndizoyenera iye.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.08.2019 chaka
Tsiku losinthidwa: 28.09.2019 pa 11:45
