Farao nyerere - imodzi mwa mitundu 10-15 zikwi zomwe zikukhala padziko lapansi. Anamvetsetsa zaubwino wamakhalidwe abwino pamaso pa munthu. Mwana wotalika nthawi yayitali wopanda gulu lobadwa nalo adzawonongedwa. Yekhayekha, amakhala wotopa, waulesi komanso wodekha kwambiri, koma pagulu ndiwamphamvu komanso wolimba. Ndi thermophilic ndipo imakhazikika pomwe kutentha kumakhala kosachepera 20 ° C kotentha. Ndipo adapeza izi m'nyumba za anthu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nyerere ant
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zinyenyeswazi zofiira izi zidapezeka m'manda a mahara. Anakhala pamatumba, pomwe adakwera kufunafuna chakudya. Atagwidwa, adaperekedwa kwa Msweden Carl Linnaeus kuti afotokozere kwa wasayansi wazachilengedwe, yemwe adalongosola kachilombo ka 1758, ndikumutcha nyerere wa pharao. Adanenanso kuti Egypt ndi madera oyandikana nawo kumpoto kwa Africa ndi kwawo. Nyama iyi ili ndi mitundu 128 ya abale apamtima, mwa omwe 75 ndi ochokera ku East Africa.
Kanema: Farao nyerere
Ku Europe, nyerere za pharao zidapezeka ku 1828 ku London, komwe munthu wosamuka wosavomerezeka adakhazikika m'nyumba zokhala pansi pa mbaula zamoto. Pofika mu 1862, nyerere zinafika ku Russia, zinapezeka ku Kazan. Mu 1863, adagwidwa ku Austria. Pena pake nthawi imeneyi, tizilombo timapezeka m'madoko aku America. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, nyerere za ku pharao zochokera m'mizinda yakunyanja zidalowa mozama ndikulowera kumayiko. Chilengedwe chinathera ku Moscow mu 1889.
Ku Australia, mitundu iyi yakhala ikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Izi ndi zochititsa chidwi makamaka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa banja laukali kwambiri, Iridomyrmex. Nyererezi zimatha kupeza msanga magwero azakudya ndikuletsa mitundu ina ya nyerere kuti isazipeze. Komabe, mitundu ya Monomorium, ngakhale ndiyokhazikika komanso yaying'ono, imatha kutukuka ngakhale m'malo olamulidwa ndi Iridomyrmex.
Kuchita bwino kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha njira zawo zogwirira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ma alkaloid owopsa. Ndi machitidwe awiriwa, mitundu ya Monomorium imatha kuyang'anira mwapadera ndikutchinjiriza chakudya.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi nyerere za pharao zimawoneka bwanji
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyerere zazing'ono kwambiri, kukula kwa munthu wogwira ntchito ndi 1.5-2 mm yokha. Thupi limakhala lofiirira kapena lofufutidwa pang'ono ndi mimba yakuda. Diso lirilonse limakhala ndi mbali 20, ndipo nsagwada iliyonse yakumunsi ili ndi mano anayi. Mawonekedwe apakatikati ndi ma methanotal grooves amadziwika bwino. Palibe "tsitsi loyimirira" pamtsempha wam'mbali. Nyerere zantchito za Farao zimakhala ndi mbola yosagwira ntchito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma pheromones.
Amuna ali pafupifupi 3 mm kutalika, akuda, mapiko (koma samauluka). Queens ndi ofiira amdima komanso 3.6-55 mm kutalika. Poyamba amakhala ndi mapiko omwe amatayika atangokwatirana. Nyerere za Farao (monga tizilombo tonse) zili ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu za thupi: nthiti, mutu ndi mimba, ndi miyendo itatu yolumikizidwa yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi nthitiyo.
Chosangalatsa: Nyerere za Farao zimagwiritsa ntchito tinyanga tawo kuti tidziwe kugwedezeka ndikusintha masomphenya m'malo omwe mulibe. Tsitsi laling'ono lomwe limatha kupezeka pamimba limawathandiza kumva bwino nyengo.
Pomaliza, monga ma arthropods onse, amakhala ndi zotumphukira zolimba ndipo amatenganso gawo lopaka phula kuti lisaume. Mafupa a arthropod amapangidwa ndi chitin, chopangidwa ndi wowuma wa polymeric wofanana ndi misomali yathu. Magawo a Antennal amatha mu kalabu yapadera yokhala ndi zigawo zitatu zolumikizidwa pang'onopang'ono. Mwa akazi ndi ogwira ntchito, tinyanga timagawika magawo 12, tili ndi kalabu yosiyana magawo atatu, pomwe amuna ali ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi magawo 13.
Kodi nyerere za farao zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyerere ya Farao mwachilengedwe
Nyerere za Farao ndi mitundu yotentha yomwe imakula pafupifupi kulikonse tsopano, ngakhale kumadera otentha, malinga ngati nyumba zili ndi kutentha kwapakati. Malo okhala tizilombo sikuti amangokhala kumadera ozizira. Nyerereyi imachokera ku Egypt, koma yasamukira kumadera ambiri padziko lapansi. M'zaka za zana la XX, adasunthira zinthu ndi zinthu m'maiko onse asanu mgalimoto, zombo, ndege.
Malo osiyanasiyana omwe nyerere za Farao zimakhalamo ndizodabwitsa! Mumakhala malo achinyezi, ofunda komanso amdima. Kumadera akumpoto, zisa zawo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mabanja, zokhala ndi mipanda pakati pamakomo ndi zotchingira zomwe zimapereka malo ofunda obisika omwe sanabisike ndi diso la munthu. Nyerere ya Pharoah ndizovuta kwambiri kwa eni nyumba, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kovuta kutengera.
Nyerere za Farao zimakhala ndi mipata yokonzeka:
- ming'alu ya maziko ndi pansi;
- makoma a nyumba;
- danga pansi pazithunzi;
- Miphika;
- mabokosi;
- zovala m'makwinya;
- zida, etc.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi zisa zosiyanasiyana, kutanthauza kuti, nyerere imodzi imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu (m'nyumba imodzi) ngati zisa zingapo zolumikizidwa. Chisa chilichonse chimakhala ndi akazi angapo omwe amayikira mazira. Nthawi zambiri nyerere zimasamukira ku zisa zoyandikana nazo kapena zimapanga zina zatsopano pakafika poipa.
Chosangalatsa: Nyerere za Farao zidabweretsedwa ku Greenland, komwe tizilombo timapezekapo kale. Mu 2013, wamwamuna wokhoza bwino wamtunduwu adapezeka 2 km kuchokera ku eyapoti.
Zimakhala zovuta kulimbana ndi nyerere za pharao, chifukwa kuzungulira kwa tizilombo toononga kuyenera kuphimba nyerere yonse. Ndikosavuta kupewa kulowa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mnyumba ndikusindikiza ming'alu ndikulepheretsa kuti azigwirizana ndi chakudya. M'mbuyomu, palafini yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kuli dziko lakale la nyerere za pharao. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingadyetse tizilomboti.
Kodi nyerere pharao amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Farao
Tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito njira yolankhulirana. Mamawa aliwonse amafunafuna chakudya. Munthu akaipeza, imabwerera kuchisa nthawi yomweyo. Kenako nyerere zingapo zimatsata njira ya kazitape wopambana popita kuchakudya. Posakhalitsa, gulu lalikulu lili pafupi ndi chakudyacho. Amakhulupirira kuti ma scout amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamankhwala komanso zowonekera kuti adziwe njira ndikubwerera.
Nyerere ya farao ndi yamphongo, ndipo chakudya chake chambiri chimasonyeza kulolerana kwa malo osiyanasiyana. Amadyetsa maswiti: odzola, shuga, uchi, makeke ndi buledi. Amakondanso zakudya zamafuta monga tarts, batala, chiwindi, ndi nyama yankhumba. Khulupirirani kapena ayi, mavalidwe atsopano azachipatala amakopa tizilombo timeneti kuzipatala. Nyerere za Farao zimathanso kukwawa mu polish ya nsapato. Nyerere zimapezeka zikudya mnofu wa tizilombo tomwe tangomwalira kumene, monga mphemvu kapena kricket. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira za antchito kuti apeze chakudya.
Chakudya choyambirira cha omnivore chimakhala ndi:
- mazira;
- madzi amthupi;
- nyama zakufa;
- nyamakazi zapadziko lapansi;
- mbewu;
- mbewu;
- mtedza;
- zipatso;
- timadzi tokoma;
- zakumwa zamasamba;
- bowa;
- kusokoneza
Ngati chakudya chachulukirapo, nyerere za pharaoh zimasunga chakudya chochuluka m'mimba mwa gulu lapadera la ogwira ntchito. Mamembala a gululi ali ndi mimba yayikulu ndipo amatha kuyambiranso chakudya chomwe asunga akafunika. Chifukwa chake, njuchi zimakhala ndi chakudya pakagwa vuto la chakudya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyerere Zofiira za Farao
Monga ma Hymenoptera ena, nyerere za Farao zili ndi majini a haplo-diploid. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akazi okwatirana, amasunga umuna. Mazirawo akamayenda m'njira zake zoberekera, amatha kuthamangira, kukhala wamkazi wa diploid, kapena osapanga manyowa, ndikusintha kukhala wamwamuna wa haploid. Chifukwa cha dongosolo lodabwitsali, akazi amakhala pachibale ndi alongo awo kuposa ana awo. Izi zikhoza kufotokoza kupezeka kwa nyerere za antchito. Nyerere za ogwira ntchito zimaphatikizapo osonkhanitsa chakudya, osamalira olera kupanga mazira, ndi alonda / oyang'anira zisa.
Chisa chimakhala ndi antchito, mfumukazi kapena mfumukazi zingapo, ndi nyerere zamapiko zazimuna / zazikazi. Ogwira ntchito ndi akazi osabala, pomwe amuna amakonda kukhala ndi mapiko okha, ndi ntchito yayikulu yobereka. Nyerere zazikazi ndi zazimuna zimatetezeranso chisa chonse. Mfumukazi imakhala yopanga dzira lokhala ndi moyo wautali. Atataya mapiko ake patatha masiku asanu atakwatirana, mfumukazi imangokhala pansi kuti igone.
Pali mafumukazi ambiri m'magulu a nyerere a farao. Kuchuluka kwa mfumukazi kwa ogwira ntchito kumasiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa dera. Gulu limodzi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi antchito 1000-2500, koma nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa zisa kumapereka chithunzi cha zigawo zazikulu. Gulu laling'ono lidzakhala ndi mfumukazi zambiri kuposa antchito. Chiwerengerochi chimayang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito kumudzi. Mphutsi zomwe zimatulutsa ogwira ntchito zimakhala ndi tsitsi lodziwika ponseponse, pomwe mphutsi zomwe zimatulutsa amuna kapena akazi ogonana alibe tsitsi.
Amakhulupirira kuti ogwira ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapaderazi kuti adziwe mphutsi. Amayiwo amatha kudya mphutsi kuti zitsimikizire kuchuluka kwa mitundu yabwino. Lingaliro lakudya umunthu makamaka limakhazikitsidwa ndi ubale womwe ulipo kale. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mfumukazi zambiri zachonde zilipo, ogwira ntchito amatha kudya mphutsi. Maubwenzi amtundu amayang'aniridwa poyesera kukulitsa dera lomwe likukhalalo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyerere za Farao
Nyerere a Farao ali ndi ziwalo zolimbana ndi umuna. Mfumukazi yatsopano itakwatirana ndi mwamuna m'modzi (nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo), imasunga umuna m'mimba mwake ndikuugwiritsa ntchito kupangira mazira kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Chosangalatsa: Kutengera nyerere za pharaoh ndizopweteka kwa mkazi. Valavu ya penile imakhala ndi mano akuthwa omwe amangirira pazitsulo zazing'ono, zofewa zachikazi. Njira yofananirayi ilinso ndi maziko osinthika. Zomenyazo zimaonetsetsa kuti kugonana kumatenga nthawi yokwanira kuti umuna udutse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwawa komwe kumachitika kwa mkazi, mwanjira ina, kumachepetsa chikhumbo chake chokwatiranso.
Monga nyerere zambiri, magulu ogonana (omwe amatha kuberekana) amatha kuthawa. Apa ndipamene nyengo zachilengedwe zimalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa okwatirana, ndipo mfumukazi zachimuna ndi zaikazi zimauluka mlengalenga nthawi yomweyo kuti zipeze wokwatirana naye. Pakapita kanthawi, anyani amphongo amamwalira ndipo mfumukazi zimasowa mapiko ndikupeza malo oyambira kupanga njuchi zawo. Mfumukazi imatha kutulutsa mazira m'magulu a 10 mpaka 12 nthawi imodzi. Mazirawo amatha masiku 42.
Mfumukazi imasamalira ana oyamba okha. Mbadwo woyamba ukakhwima, amasamalira mfumukazi ndi mibadwo yonse yamtsogolo pamene njuchi zikukula. Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa koloni yatsopano ndi mfumukazi yomwe yangopangidwa kumene, madera amathanso kudzipangira okha. Zomwe zili choncho, gawo lina lomwe lakhalapo limasamutsidwira kumalo ena "atsopano" pamodzi ndi mfumukazi yatsopano - nthawi zambiri mwana wamkazi wa mfumukazi ya makolo.
Adani achilengedwe a nyerere za pharao
Chithunzi: Kodi nyerere za pharao zimawoneka bwanji
Mphutsi za nyerere zimakula ndikukula mkati mwa masiku 22 mpaka 24, kudutsa magawo angapo - magawo okula, omwe amatha ndi kusungunuka. Pamene mphutsi zakonzeka, zimalowa mu zidole kuti zisinthe, zomwe zimatha masiku 9 mpaka 12. Gawo la pupa ndilomwe limakhala pachiwopsezo chachilengedwe komanso nyama zodya zinyama.Pakati pa chisinthiko, nyerere zimaphunzira kuluma komanso kuluma mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Ndi adani amtundu wanji omwe ali pachiwopsezo pa zinyenyeswazi:
- Zimbalangondo. Amanyamula nyerere ndi makoko awo ndikudya mphutsi, akuluakulu.
- mpanda. Zokwanira omnivorous nyama, choncho adzakhala akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi pafupi ndi nyerere.
- achule. Awa amphibiya nawonso samadana ndikudya nyerere za pharao.
- mbalame. Nyerere zogwira ntchito ndi mfumukazi zomwe zasiya chiswechi zimatha kulowa m'milomo yolimba ya mbalame.
- timadontho, timagazi. Nyamayo imapezeka mobisa. Kuyala "ngalande", mphutsi ndi akulu amatha kudya.
- abuluzi. Amatha kugwira nyama zawo kulikonse.
- nyerere. Kuyembekezera moleza mtima pa khola la tizilombo.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe nyererezi zimatha kunyamula nthawi zina zimakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, ndi Staphylococcus. Komanso, nyerere za pharao zimatha kukwiyitsa eni nyumbayo, kukwera chakudya ndi mbale zomwe zatsala zosasamaliridwa. Chifukwa chake, eni nyumba zogona m'malo ena akuyesera kuthana ndi dera lotere posachedwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta Farao Ant
Nyerereyi ilibe udindo wapadera ndipo siyili pangozi. Mbeu imodzi imatha kukhala ndi ofesi yayikulu pothana ndi tizilombo tina tonse m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zimakhala zovuta kuzichotsa ndikuwongolera, chifukwa madera angapo amatha kugawikana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono panthawi yamapulogalamu owonongera, kuti abwererenso pambuyo pake.
Nyerere za Farao zasanduka tizilombo toononga pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyumba. Amatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mafuta, zakudya zotsekemera, ndi tizilombo tofa. Amathanso kutaya mabowo a silika, rayon ndi zinthu za mphira. Zisa zimatha kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti kuzindikirika kukhale kovuta kwambiri. Tizilombo tomwe timakonda kupezeka pamakoma, pansi, kapena mipando yosiyanasiyana. M'nyumba, nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzimbudzi kapena pafupi ndi chakudya.
Chosangalatsa: Sitikulimbikitsidwa kupha nyerere za pharao ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chifukwa izi zimaphatikizapo kufalikira kwa tizilombo ndikuphwanya madera.
Njira yolimbikitsira kuthetsa nyerere za pharao ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zokongola za mtundu uwu. Zinyambo zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (IGR) ngati chinthu chogwiritsira ntchito. Nyerere zimakopeka ndi nyambo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndikubwerera nayo ku chisa. Kwa milungu ingapo, IGR imaletsa kupanga nyerere zantchito ndikutulutsa mfumukazi. Kusintha nyambo kamodzi kapena kawiri kungakhale kofunikira.
Farao nyerere monga nyerere zina, zitha kuwonongedwa ndi nyambo zokonzekera za 1% ya boric acid ndi madzi okhala ndi shuga. Ngati njirazi sizikuthandizani, muyenera kufunsa katswiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/31/2019
Tsiku losintha: 07/31/2019 ku 21: 50