Cholumikizira

Cholumikizira dzina lake lidatha kuthekera kupotoza mchira wake mozungulira. Izi zimathandizira kulumikizana ndi anzawo ndikutchula ufulu kumalire a malowa. Zinyama zimakonda kudya mumchenga ndi kuwombedwa dzuwa. Amachokera kubanja la agama, osinthidwa kukhala moyo wam'chipululu.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Vertikhvostka

Dzina lachilatini la Phrynocephalus guttatus linaperekedwa kwa chokwawa ndi katswiri wazomera waku Germany a Johann Gmelin mu 1789. Dzina lina la mutu wozungulira ndi tuzik. Buluziyu adapeza dzinali chifukwa cha malo apinki omwe amakhala pakati kumbuyo, ngati khadi ya ace, yooneka ngati suti yamchere. Mtundu wozungulira umasiyana ndi nthumwi zina za banja la agama kuti zitha kupotokola mchira m'mwamba, kusowa kwa makutu owonekera, komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira amutu.

Kanema: Vertivostka

Mutha kudziwa mtunduwo ndi kuchuluka kwa sikelo pakati pa maso kapena poyenda mchira. Mitundu yofanana kwambiri ndi yozungulira yozungulira. Komanso, akatswiri azachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakayikira kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo. Kunja, zokwawa ndizofanana. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndikuteteza kwa mchira wawung'ono. Popeza buluzi amakhala m'chipululu, mtundu wake ndi wamchenga wamtambo.

Pali magawo anayi a vertixtails:

• phrynocephalus guttatus guttatus;
• phrynocephalus guttatus alpherakii;
• phrynocephalus guttatus khansa ya pakhungu;
• phrynocephalus guttatus salsatus.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Momwe vertivost imawonekera

Buluzi ndi ochepa kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi, kuphatikizapo mchira, kumafika masentimita 13-14. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 5-6 okha. Mwa akulu, mchira ndiwotalika nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa thupi. Kutalika kwa mutu kuli pafupifupi 1/4 ya thupi lonse, m'lifupi mwake pafupifupi chimodzimodzi. Pakamwa pake watsetsereka. Pamutu pake pamakhala mamba ndipo amatchedwa chipewa. Makutu yokutidwa ndi khungu. Masikelo ndi osalala pafupifupi kulikonse.

Kumbuyo imakulitsidwa, ndi nthiti. Mphuno zozungulira zimawoneka kuchokera kumwamba. Palibe chikopa chopingasa kumtunda kwa khosi. Gawo lakumtunda ndi lamchenga kapena lofiirira. Chiyambi chotere chimapangidwa ndi masango amadontho otuwa ndi ma specks.

Pakhoza kukhala malo akuda akulu m'mbali mwa lokwera. M'malo ena, timadontho tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi zakuthwa zakuda timawonekera. Mikwingwirima itatu kapena inayi yotalika ya bulauni, bulauni wonyezimira kapena mtundu wamchenga wakuda imayenda m'mbali mwa phirilo. Zikwapu zofananazi zimayenda pamwamba pa mchira komanso pamiyendo. Pali mikwingwirima iwiri yayifupi pakhosi. Mzere wa mawanga oyera umadutsa m'mbali, momwe mumakhala timadontho tating'onoting'ono, tolumikizana ndi mzere wosagwirizana. Pa miyendo, komanso kumbuyo, pali mikwingwirima yopingasa. Chipewa chonsecho chili pamadontho komanso mawanga azithunzi zosiyanasiyana.

Khosilo ndi loyera ndi utoto wa beige. Mapepala a Labial ndi achikasu owala. Diso la parietal limatchulidwa. Nsonga ya mchira ndi yakuda ndi utoto wabuluu. Pansi pake, utoto umazimiririka, ndipo pansi pamayera ndi mizere yopepuka, ya oblique. Mwa ana, mikwingwirima iyi ndi yowala kwambiri. Pa chala chachinayi cha kaphalaphala pali mbale zazing'ono, pachala chachitatu pali mitsempha yakuthwa.

Kodi wormtail amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Chitoliro chamutu wozungulira

Abuluzi ochulukirapo amayambira pagombe la Nyanja ya Caspian mpaka kumalire akumadzulo kwa China. Malire akumwera amadutsa Turkmenistan ndi Repetik Nature Reserve kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Ku Russia, amphibiya amapezeka ku Kalmykia, Stavropol Territory, Lower Volga Region, Astrakhan, Rostov, Volgograd Madera ndi Dagestan.

Chosangalatsa: Malire amtunduwu ndi malo otentha kwambiri padziko lapansi. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwamlengalenga kumatentha mpaka madigiri 50 mumthunzi.

Anthu ambiri ali ku Kazakhstan. Amakhala ku Mongolia konse. Magulu osiyana azinyama amakhala ku Azerbaijan, South Russia, Karakalpakia. M'chigawo cha Asia, ma subspecies osankhidwa ndiofala kwambiri. M'dera la Volgograd, anthu amodzi akutali amakhala m'dera la mchenga wa Golubinsky.

Anthuwo amakonda mchenga wosakhazikika komanso wofooka wokhala ndi masamba ochepa. Buluzi amadziwa momwe angadziike m'manda mwa gawo loyenda mosunthika. Mabowo okumba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pogona. Kutalika konse kwamaphunzirowa kumafika masentimita 35, mwakuya - mpaka masentimita 20.

Zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ogona kwakanthawi:

• ming'alu m'nthaka;
• makoswe amakoswe;
• masango a masamba ndi zimayambira za chimanga, zitsamba zazing'ono.

Kazakhlyshorskaya vertikhvostka ndiye anthu okhawo omwe amakhala mosamalitsa m'chipululu chamchere. Kawirikawiri amapezeka pamapiri a milu. Pansi pazoyenera, imatha kukhala m'mapiri. Posachedwapa tinayamba kukumana m'dera Orenburg.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe buluzi wonyezimira amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.

Kodi vertivoyst imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Buluzi Buluzi

Zakudya za nyama zimakhala ndi tizilombo. Izi zimapereka ufulu wowasanja ngati abuluzi a myrmecophagous. Mwa iwo, omwe amadya kwambiri:

• nyerere;
• kafadala;
• mbozi;
• nsikidzi;
• Diptera;
• Mafupa;
• lepidoptera;
• kachirombo;
• agulugufe;
• kachikachiyama.

Nthawi zambiri, zotsalira zazomera zimapezeka m'mimba mwa amphibiya - masamba, mbewu, mchenga ndi timiyala tating'ono. Kuwona bwino kumathandiza nyama kulondola nyama yawo, koma nthawi zina zimalakwitsa mwadzidzidzi namsongole woyendetsedwa ndi mphepo wodutsa m'chipululu, ndikuwameza. Kungogwira namsongole, zokwawa kumvetsetsa kuti sizidyedwa. Akamaliza kulavulira chomera chosayenera kudya, abuluziwo mokwiya amasisita milomo yawo ndi lilime lawo. Chifukwa cha kusaka kopambana kotere, zinthu zing'onozing'ono zingapo zimapezeka m'mimba mwa nyama. Nthawi zina amphibiya amatha kusiyanitsa zakudya zawo ndi masamba ofewa komanso masamba ofalikira a ntchentche, ntchentche.

Malo otsika okhala ndi voliyumu ya malita 40 kapena kupitilira apo ndi okwanira kusungira chipinda chapamwamba kunyumba. Mchenga uyenera kutsanulidwa pansi, ndipo nkhuni ndi nthambi ziziyikidwa ngati pogona. Nyali yakumwa ndi Kutentha imafunika. Mutha kudyetsa nyama ndi ma crickets, mphutsi zakuwunda, mphemvu, mbozi. Ndibwino kuwonjezera trivitamin ndi calcium pakudya. Mitundu ina imagwira nyama ndi nsagwada zake zazitali. Komabe, kugwira nyerere iliyonse mwanjira imeneyi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, ma fiddles adazolowera kugwira nyama zam'mimba ndi lilime lawo, ngati zisonga. Chifukwa cha ichi, nsagwada zawo ndi zazifupi, ngati za achule.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Vertikhvostka

Amphibians amakonda moyo wongokhala. Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi malo ake ake odyetserako. Gawo lamwamuna ndilokulirapo kuposa lachikazi. Dera lawo nthawi zina limafika mazana mazana ma mita. Amuna amtunduwu samateteza malo awo mwachangu monga mamembala ena amtunduwu. Mulimonsemo, abuluzi amabowola mumchenga. Nthawi yozizira, amakhala mumchenga ndikupuma. Zolembazo zimakumba maenje awo omwe amagawika m'magulu awiri: chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira. Zoyamba ndizosakhalitsa ndipo zimawonongeka mwachangu. Yachiwiri ndi yakuya, mpaka 110 sentimita.

Chosangalatsa: Monga amphaka, malingaliro a fidget amatha kuzindikirika ndikusuntha kwa mchira wake.

Amphibian amatha kuthamanga mwachangu ndikudumpha mpaka 20 sentimita kutalika. Mothandizidwa ndi mchira wawo, amawonetsa manja osiyanasiyana omwe amalumikizana nawo. Chifukwa cha mitundu yoteteza, ma scythetail amakhala osawonekera kwa adani okha, komanso kwa anzawo. Mchira umakulolani kuti muwonane ndikupereka zizindikiro. Amadutsa mayiko awo akuthamanga, nthawi ndi nthawi kuzizira kuti ayang'ane kozungulira.

Mchira wawo umapindika ndikuwongoka mwachangu kwambiri. Khalidwe ili silofanana ndi mitundu ina ndipo lidatenga gawo lalikulu mu dzina lalikulu la nyamazi. Buluzi amafunika kutentha thupi nthawi zonse. Ngati zili zotsika, zokwawa zimapeza malo otentha kuti zizimitsa kutentha mumchenga wotentha. Kuti muchotse kutentha kwambiri, michira yozungulira imabisala pamthunzi, ikubowola m'maenje.

Chosangalatsa: Anthu molt kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka. Njirayi imatenga masiku awiri. Pakadali pano, amphibian amayenda ndi khungu lomwe likukula. Kuti muwachotse posachedwa, zokwawa zimawapukuta ndi nsanza zazikulu.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Momwe vertivost imawonekera

Nthawi yoswana imayamba mu Epulo-Meyi. Chiwerengero cha kugonana ndi 1: 1 - wamkazi m'modzi wamwamuna. Anthu samapanga awiriawiri okhazikika. Mkazi amasankha yemwe adzakwatirane naye ndi yemwe ati adzabereke ana ake. Amangothawa chibwenzi chosafunikira. Amuna omwe nthawi zambiri amakanidwa amayamba kutsatira mayi wamtima. Poterepa, chachikazi chimayesetsa kumenya nkhondo: amatembenukira kwa champhongo, ndikugwetsa mutu wake, ndikugwada thupi. Nthawi zina chachikazi chimatha kuponda champhongo chatsegula pakamwa ndikuyesera kumuluma. Ngati njira zonse sizikugwira ntchito, buluzi amangogwera chagada ndikugona mpaka atatsala yekha.

Mgwirizanowu wachitika, pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu mkazi amayikira dzira limodzi kapena awiri oblong okhala ndi mamilimita 8-17. Pakati pa nyengo, abuluzi amatha kupanga ndulu ziwiri. Amphibian amakula mwachangu, mpaka kukula msanga pakatha miyezi 12-14. Mazira amaikidwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Tinyama tating'onoting'ono toyamba tating'onoting'ono timaswa kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Nthawi yayitali yobereka imayerekezeredwa ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana za kukhwima kwa follicle mwa anthu azaka zosiyanasiyana. Akazi akulu akulu amayikira mazira koyambirira kuposa akazi otha msinkhu posachedwa. Kutalika kwa thupi la zokwawa zobadwa kumene, kuphatikizapo mchira, ndi masentimita 6-8. Makolo samasamalira ana, motero ana amakhala odziyimira pawokha kuyambira pakubadwa.

Adani achilengedwe a wotsutsa

Chithunzi: Vertivost m'chilengedwe

Abuluzi amtunduwu amasakidwa ndi njoka ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana, zina za amphibiya - zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera abuluzi, nyama. Zokwawa zimagwidwa ndi agalu akutchire komanso oweta. Pokhala kanyama kakang'ono, nyongolotsi nthawi zonse imayesetsa kugwira nyama zazikulu. Popeza abuluzi amalumikizana makamaka ndi mchira wawo, kuubweza kumayenderana ndi kufooka. Kutha kwa maso kumatha kupha nyama zokwawa, koma kutaya mchira kumalonjeza kusalumikizana ndi abale. Pankhaniyi, ndizovuta kwambiri kukumana ndi munthu wopanda mchira. Mutha kuwatenga popanda kuwopa autotomy.

Zolengedwa zimatha kuzindikira mdani pamtunda wa 30 mita. Omwe amabisala kwambiri ndi omwe amadya usiku. Ma jerboas ena amakumba abuluzi m'mabowo awo ndikudya. Nyama zimakhala moyo wawo wonse m'malo ochepa, pomwe tchire lililonse ndi mink zimadziwika bwino. Adani achilengedwe okha kapena masoka achilengedwe ndi omwe angawachotse m'malo awo.

Ma Vertixtails nthawi zambiri samamizidwa mumchenga. Pamwambapa, amasiya mitu yawo ndikuyang'anitsitsa chilichonse chomwe chikuchitika. Mdani akamayandikira, amphibiya mwina amakumba kwambiri mumchenga, kapena amatuluka m'malo obisalapo ndikuthawa. Nthawi zina kudumpha mwachangu kotere kumatha kusokoneza ngakhale nyama yolusa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Momwe vertivost imawonekera

Kuchulukitsitsa kwa mchenga kumabweretsa kuchepa kwachaka pamiyendo yozungulira. Kuthengo, zokwawa zimakhala ndi moyo zaka 3-5. Kunyumba ndi kumalo osungira nyama, anthu ena amakhala ndi zaka 6-7. Kusintha kwabwino m'malo ena okhala kumapangitsa kuti nyama zikhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu pakusintha kwawo. Ngati mitundu ina ya amphibiya sizolowera kukulitsa ntchito zaulimi za anthu, kumanga misa ndikuwonekera kwa madzi mchipululu, ndiye kuti oyenda pang'ono ochokera kumadera oterewa amatha.

Kukhazikika kwamasika kwamitunduyi kumagawika m'magulu angapo azaka: gulu limodzi kapena awiri azinyama zazing'ono, zazikazi zitatu kapena zinayi, ndi magulu awiri kapena atatu amphongo. Mwambiri, mitunduyo imadziwika kuti imakhala yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake. Mwachitsanzo, ku Kalmykia, anthu 3-3.5 amapezeka pa kilomita imodzi. Kudera la Astrakhan, kafukufuku adachitika, pomwe zidapezeka kuti kudera lakutali la mahekitala 0.4, atazunguliridwa ndi zikhalidwe zamtunduwu kuti zisasamuke, mu Meyi 2010 kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adakumana nawo kamodzi kunali 21, ndipo omwe adakumana nawo kasanu ndi kamodzi - 2.

Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, anthu omwe adakumana nawo kamodzi anali ofanana ndi 40, ndipo omwe adakumana nawo kasanu ndi kamodzi - 3. Koma mu Seputembara 2011, kuchuluka kwa abuluzi omwe adakumana nawo kamodzi kunali 21, ndipo kunalibe michira ya mbozi yomwe idakumana nawo kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi konse.

Kuteteza vertivostok

Chithunzi: Vertikhvostka kuchokera ku Red Book

Zinyama zili m'gulu la Red Book la Volgograd Region ndi gulu lachitatu la anthu wamba omwe amakhala kutali ndi komwe amakhala. Mutu wozungulira wa Kyzylshor uli mu Red Book of Turkmenistan mgulu la subspecies zazing'ono. Kubalalika kwa mitundu yakumpoto kumalepheretsedwa ndi nyengo. Kuchepetsa malo okhala kumakhala chifukwa cha ntchito yolimbitsa mchenga. M'dera la Volgograd, palibe njira zapadera zotetezera zamoyo zomwe zidapangidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komabe, pakufunika kukonzekera kuwunika kwa anthu, kuti apange malo otetezedwa mdera lokhalamo - Golubinsky Sands massif. M'dera la Orenburg, komwe anthu atsopano apezeka pazaka 5 zapitazi, palibe chilichonse chokhudza zochepetsa. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka, kuteteza mashewa omwe ali kumwera kwa derali kuti asawonongeke msipu.

Zokwawa sizitha kudziteteza kwa anthu komanso adani achilengedwe. Popeza kuti zolengedwa zimakonda kupumula mumchenga, sizimaphwanyidwa dala ndi anthu, ziweto, magalimoto. Kukhala m'chipululu, momwe mitundu iyi imatha kukumana, ndikwanira kuyang'ana mapazi ake, osalola ziweto zanu kuthamangitsa ndikupha abuluzi kuti asangalale.

Cholumikizira sanaphunzirebe bwino, chifukwa chake mutha kungokhala ndi lingaliro chabe la moyo wake. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti palibe chomwe chingasinthe kukhalapo kwa zamoyozo. Komabe, kwa aliyense amene amapezeka m'malo okhala zokwawa, kuti azisunge, ndikwanira kungowapulumutsa osasokoneza mayendedwe amoyo amphibiya.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 28.07.2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/30/2019 pa 21:14