Penguin yaying'ono ndi kakang'ono kwambiri ka anyani onse padziko lapansi. M'mabuku osiyanasiyana, amapezeka pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana - blue penguin, penguin - elf, penguin wowoneka bwino. Anthu akumaloko amawona nyamayo ngati chizindikiro chake, ndipo amaipembedza. Asayansi ndi ofufuza kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri amatsatira nthumwi za zomera ndi zinyama, adaphunzira za moyo wawo ndi zizolowezi zawo. Akatswiri a zoo afika pozindikira kuti amadziwika ndi mphamvu zosunthika komanso kuyenda, zomwe anyani ambiri alibe.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Penguin Wamng'ono
Penguin yaying'ono imayimira nyama, monga ma chordates, gulu la mbalame, ma penguiniformes, banja la a penguin, mtundu ndi mitundu ya anyani ang'onoang'ono.
Dziko lakwawo la ma penguin amakono abuluu, monga ena onse, ndi gawo lakumwera kwa dziko lapansi. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale anatha kupeza zotsalira za makolo akale a penguin amakono m'dera la New Zealand, South America, Africa, ndi zilumba za Galapogos.
Kanema: Penguin Wamng'ono
Zomwe zapezedwa kale kwambiri zikuwonetsa kuti oimira nyama ndi zinyama awa analipo padziko lapansi munthawi ya Eocene, pafupifupi zaka 45-43 miliyoni zapitazo. Makolo akale a mbalame zamakono anali ndi matupi okulirapo. Woimira wamkulu kwambiri anafotokozedwa ndi katswiri wa zinyama, wofufuza Norsheld, yemwe penguin anamutcha dzina lake. Kutalika kwake kunali pang'ono pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwa munthu, ndipo kulemera kwake kunali kofanana ndi ma kilogalamu 120. Asayansi samasiyanitsa kuti makolo oyamba, akale kwambiri a penguin amakono adakhalapo zaka 100 miliyoni zapitazo.
Penguin, omwe adakhalapo makumi masauzande zaka zapitazo, sanasiyane ndi mawonekedwe amakono. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti makolo akale amtundu wamakono a buluu amatha kuwuluka. Anthu amakono akumwera kwa dziko lapansi ali ndi kufanana kwambiri ndi tubenose. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wambiri, asayansi adazindikira kuti mwina anali ndi makolo omwewo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Penguin yaying'ono yabuluu
Penguin yaying'ono imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achindunji komanso osakumbukika. Zoyipa zakugonana zamtunduwu zimafotokozedwa mopanda tanthauzo. Amuna amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 1.3-1.5. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira masentimita 35. Thupi limapangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo nthawi imodzi.
Mbali yakumutu ya mutu ndi dera lakumbuyo kuli utoto wakuda buluu, m'malo mwa buluu. Pamwamba pamutu, pakhosi ndi pamimba ndizoyera. Zotsogola zasintha kukhala zidutswa. Kutalika kwapakati pamiyendo yam'mwamba ndimamilimita 111-117. Ndi akuda. Ndi mothandizidwa ndi zipsepsezi momwe ma penguin amatha kukhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusambira mwachangu. M'dera la auricles, thupi ndi lojambulidwa mumdima, pafupifupi wakuda.
Ma Penguin ali ndi mutu wawung'ono wozungulira. Lili ndi mlomo wolowezedwa wosapitirira masentimita 5 kutalika ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira. Mitundu ya mbalame imakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wabuluu wonyezimira. Mlomo ndi wabulauni, mabokosi amtundu. Miyendo yakumunsi ili ndi pinki pamwamba, zala zitatu. Zala zakuda zimakhala zakuda, zakuthwa, zazitali. Pakati pa zala zakumapazi pali zotupa, zomwe zimathandiza mbalame kusambira. Mapazi a miyendo yakumunsi ndi akuda wakuda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Anthu akamakula, milomo yawo imachita mdima komanso mtundu wa nthenga kumbuyo.
Nthawi yamoyo ya mbalame m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 6-7. Pazinthu zopangira, ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso chisamaliro chabwino, zaka za moyo zimatha katatu. Penguin zazing'ono, monga oimira mitundu ina, ali ndi nthenga zolimba kwambiri. Amatetezedwa ku chimfine ndi mafuta osanjikiza ndi mafuta ochepa. Ma penguin a buluu, monga mamembala onse a banjali, ali ndi mchira wawung'ono.
Kodi penguin wamng'ono amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Penguin yaying'ono m'chilengedwe
Kuchuluka kwa mbalame zodabwitsazi kumagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana akumwera.
Malo omwe amagawa anyani ang'onoang'ono:
- South America;
- Chile;
- Australia;
- Tasmania;
- New Zealand;
- Philippines.
Malo okondedwa a mbalame ndi gawo la magombe, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuti apeze chakudya chawo ndikusaka molluscs ndi crustaceans. Masiku ano, zambiri za mbalame zatsopano zikupitilizabe kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana akumwera. Nthawi zina, mboni zoona kuti anyani amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Chofunikira pakukhalapo ndi kupezeka kwa mosungiramo. Mbalame zimakhala pamtunda, koma zimasambira bwino ndikupeza chakudya chokha m'madzi.
Ma penguin amabuluu amakhala nthawi yayitali. Amakonda kukonza zisa momwe amaberekera anapiye. Amakonza zisa zawo m'malo osafikirika, obisika - mphako, mabowo, mapanga, m'nkhalango zowirira, pansi pamiyala. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa miyala, m'mapiri, m'nkhalango zowirira.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri anyani amathera m'madzi. Amabwerera kuzisa zawo kutangolowa usiku, kuti asaulule komwe kuli adani. Nthawi zina, ndi chakudya chokwanira, amatha kusamukira kumadera ena, akuyenda patali kwambiri ndi gombe.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe ma penguin ang'onoang'ono amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi penguin wamng'ono amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Penguin zazing'ono
Chakudya chachikulu cha ma penguin achichepere ndi nyama zam'madzi, makamaka nsomba. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Pofika tsiku latsopano, amalowa m'madzi kukadzipezera chakudya ndikubwerera madzulo okha.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha anyani ang'onoang'ono:
- nsomba zazing'ono;
- nkhono;
- nkhanu;
- anangula;
- nyamazi;
- nkhono;
- plankton;
- sardines.
Chifukwa chakukula kwake, ma penguin amabuluu amatha kulowa m'madzi akuya pafupifupi mita ziwiri. Nthawi yayitali yomiza m'madzi ndi pafupifupi masekondi makumi awiri. Kulemba pamtunduwu kwamtunduwu ndi mita 35, ndipo nthawi yayitali m'madzi ndi masekondi 50.
Nyama zimawona bwino, zomwe zimatumikira ngati malo ozungulira m'madzi. Thupi losungunuka, kupezeka kwa zipsepse ndi nembanemba kumiyendo yakumbuyo kumakupatsani mwayi wofika pamtunda wa 5-6 km / h kufunafuna nyama.
Kusaka kwamagulu kumakhala mbalame. Nthawi zambiri m'mawa kumatha kuwawona akulumphira m'madzi m'magulu akulu ndikubwerera limodzi. M'madzi, anthu angapo amatha kumenya sukulu yosambira nsomba ndikugwira aliyense amene angathe. Ngati nsomba kapena nkhono zake ndizochepa, ma penguin amawadyera m'madzi momwemo. Amatulutsa nyama zikuluzikulu pamtunda ndikugawa magawo awiri.
Ma penguin saopa nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yoipa ndipo amakhala omasuka m'madzi ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Pofunafuna chakudya chofunikira, amatha kuyenda makilomita angapo. Ma penguin amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu komanso mphamvu yayikulu pama dive angapo, omwe nthawi zina amafunikira khumi ndi awiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Penguin yaying'ono yabuluu
Amakhulupirira kuti ma elf penguin ndi mbalame zomwe zimayenda usiku. Komabe, mbandakucha amapita kunyanja ndikubwerera madzulo.
Mbalame zimakhala pansi, ndipo, zimakhala m'dera linalake, zimakhala, ndikukhala mmenemo kwa moyo wawo wonse. Amachita nsanje kwambiri poteteza malo awo okhala. Asanaukire mlendo yemwe sanaitanidwe, kagulu kakang'ono ka mbalamezi amamuchenjeza, kenako amangomuukira. Wina akafika kudera lake ndikuyandikira patali kuposa mita ziwiri, amatambasula mapiko ake ndikufuula mokweza, modandaula, kuwachenjeza zakukonzekera kwawo.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale ndi ang'onoang'ono, ma penguin ang'onoang'ono amtambo amawerengedwa kuti ndi mbalame zaphokoso kwambiri. Pofuna kuteteza malo awo, kulumikizana kwa gulu pagulu, awiriawiri wina ndi mnzake, nthawi zambiri amalira mokweza kwambiri, akugwedeza mapiko awo, ndi zina zambiri.
Pakati pa nyengo yoswana ndi kuswana, mbalame zimasambira kuchokera kunyanja pafupifupi makilomita 10-13 ndikupitiliza kufunafuna chakudya kwa maola 9-12. Sasuntha mtunda wopitilira makilomita 20 kuchokera kunyanja, kupatula ngati kusowa kwa chakudya kwadzaoneni. Nthawi zambiri amabwera kumtunda kuchokera kumadzi mumdima. Izi sizikhala zovuta kuzunzidwa ndi adani.
Ma penguin amakhala nthawi yayitali akusamalira nthenga. M'dera la mchira muli zopangitsa zomwe zimatulutsa mafuta. Mbalame zimawapaka mafuta ndi nthenga kuti zisanyowe m'madzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Banja la anyani ang'onoang'ono
Amuna amakonda kukopa akazi kudzera m'mawu ena. Amatambasula makosi awo, ndikupinda mapiko awo kumbuyo kwawo ndikutulutsa kamvekedwe kake kofanana kwambiri ndi kaphokoso. Ma penguin a buluu amakonda kupanga awokha, olimba komanso olimba.
Nthawi yobereketsa imakhala mchilimwe ndipo imayamba kuyambira koyambirira kwa Juni mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimakhalira, zimapeza malo obisika makamaka - m'ming'alu ya miyala, pansi pamiyala, m'malo otsetsereka. Mu gulu limodzi, mtunda wa zisa wina ndi mnzake uli pafupifupi 2-2.5 mita. Pa nthawi yobereka ndi kuswana, mtunda uwu umachepa kwambiri.
Ikamaliza komanso ikakwerana, yaikazi imaikira mazira m'chisa chake. Mwa clutch imodzi, imayikira mazira oyera 1-3 omwe amalemera magalamu 50-55. Kenako mazira amaswa masiku 30-40. Mayi woyembekezera amawaikira mazira nthawi zambiri. Amuna ndi akazi amasintha magawo awo positi masiku onse a 3-4, kuti akazi azitha kupita kunyanja kukadzitsitsimutsa.
Patatha mwezi umodzi, anapiye amatuluka m'mazira. Ma penguin obadwa kumene amayeza magalamu 35-50. Matupi awo ali okutidwa ndi fluff. Amakhala kwakanthawi kochepa pachisa cha kholo. Kwa pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu, chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimapereka chakudya cha ana awo. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono, anapiyewo ananyamuka ndi akulu kunyanja kuti akapeze chakudya chawo paokha. Pa mwezi wotsatira, wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amasamalira chitetezo cha ana awo.
Ana akhanda akamalemera pafupifupi magalamu 900-1200, amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo amakhala okonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Penguin amatha msinkhu ali ndi zaka zitatu. Penguins zamtunduwu zimadziwika ndikubala zipatso zochuluka ndikukula. Zatsimikizidwanso mwasayansi kuti ma penguin amapatsidwa chakudya, amakhalanso achonde kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a penguin wamng'ono
Chithunzi: Ma penguin ang'ono m'chilengedwe
Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chogwidwa ndi adani, anyani amapita kunyanja m'mawa kwambiri kukadali mdima. Amabwerera kunyumba kwawo dzuwa litalowa kale ndipo kunja kwayamba kale. Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, onse ali ndi adani okwanira mikhalidwe yachilengedwe.
Adani a penguins ndi awa:
- nsombazi;
- zisindikizo;
- anamgumi;
- Mphepete mwa nyanja za Pacific;
- agalu;
- chikondi;
- makoswe;
- nkhandwe;
- amphaka;
- mitundu ina ya abuluzi.
Munthu ndi ntchito zake zimathandizanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma penguin. Kuwonongeka kosalekeza kwa malo awo achilengedwe, kutulutsidwa m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja za zinyalala zambiri, zinyalala, ndi zinthu zoyenga mafuta kumachepetsa malo awo. Mbalame zimakonda kuwononga chilengedwe chawo, kuphatikizapo matupi amadzi momwe amadyetsera okha ndi ana awo.
Kusodza pamalonda kumabweretsa kuchepa ndi umphawi wa chakudya cha nyama. Pofunafuna chakudya, ma penguin amayenda mtunda wautali. Vuto lopeza chakudya panthawi yoswana, pomwe akuluakulu sayenera kudzidyetsa okha, komanso ana awo, ndilofunika kwambiri. Zambiri mwa mbalame zazing'ono komanso zodabwitsa zimakhala kumalo osungira nyama m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Penguin yaying'ono, kapena yabuluu
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anyani abuluu sikuwopsezedwa. Malinga ndi chidziwitso choyambirira, chiwerengero cha anthuwa chikuyembekezeka kukhala anthu 1,000,000. M'madera ena, pamakhala kuchepa kwanthawi zonse kwa anthu, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuukira kwa adani ndi kuipitsa malo achilengedwe a mbalame.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuipitsa nyanja ndi mabanja ndi mitundu ina ya zinyalala kumathandizira kuchepa kwa zokolola za anyani abuluu. Zotsatira za zochita za anthu monga kuipitsa madera akulu ndi zinyalala zochokera kumakampani opanga mafuta zimasiya anyani osowa chakudya.
Anthu akusonyeza chidwi chachikulu pa zolengedwa zapaderazi. Oposa theka la miliyoni amayendera malo awo achilengedwe chaka chilichonse. Alendo ndi alendo amasangalatsidwa kwambiri ndi chiwonetsero cha gulu laphokoso la mbalame zokongola modabwitsa zomwe zimatuluka munyanja dzuwa litalowa ndikubwerera kuzisa zawo. Nthawi zina, ma penguin a buluu amagwidwa ndi nyama zosaka nyama zomwe zimakola mbalame kuti zigulitse pamsika wakuda.
Akatswiri a zinyama atsimikizira zimenezo Penguin wamng'ono Zitha kukhalapo monga ziweto, komanso malo osungira ana ndi malo osungira nyama. Nthawi yamoyo ya mbalameyi ndi zaka 7-8. Mukasungidwa m'malo abwino ndi chakudya chokwanira, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimakula pafupifupi katatu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:18
