Mule

Mule Ndi nyama yomwe idawombedwa m'malo opanga ndi oweta. Bulu ndi wosakanizidwa wa kavalo ndi bulu. Nyamayo idapangidwa zoweta mwachangu kwambiri komanso bwino. Ma nyulu amawerengedwa ngati ziweto m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngati anthu ogwira ntchito molimbika. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha nyama izi sichikudziwika pakadali pano. Zinali nyama izi zomwe zinali ngwazi za nthano zambiri, nkhani ndi zinsinsi. M'mabuku ambiri olemba, amapezeka pansi pa dzina nyulu.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Mule

N'zovuta kutchula nthawi yeniyeni yomwe nyamayo idachokera. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa izo kugwera pa 480 BC. Nyuluyo inafotokozedwa koyamba ndi a Herodotus m'malemba onena za kuukira kwa Mfumu Xerxes ku Greece. Pofuna kubzala nyama zatsopano, akatswiri a zoo ndi oweta ankadutsa mahatchi ndi abulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Asayansi ambiri ndi ofufuza akunena motsimikiza kuti m'mbiri yonse yobereketsa nyama zatsopano, nyulu ndizopambana kwambiri. Mu 1938, kuchuluka kwa nyamazi kunali pafupifupi anthu 15 miliyoni. Ali ndi maubwino ambiri osatsutsika, koma alibe zovuta zina. Chovuta chachikulu komanso pafupifupi chokhacho ndicho kusungunuka kwa nyama. Akatswiri a zamoyo anafikira pozindikira kuti chifukwa cha chodabwitsachi chili m'gulu linalake la chromosome. Nyulu zinalandira ma chromosomes 32 kuchokera pamahatchi, pomwe kuchokera kwa abulu zidalandira ma chromosomes 31. Chiwerengerocho ndi chopanda kulumikizidwa.

Kanema: Mule

Pa nkhani imeneyi, asayansi anaganiza kuti Clone nyama. Mu 2003, nyuluyo idapangidwa bwino ndipo idatchedwa Jim. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nyulu zambiri zidapangidwa mwadala ku America poyambitsa George Washington. Anthu nthawi yomweyo anapeza mbali zambiri zabwino: chipiriro, bata, kulimbikira. Pambuyo pake, nyamazo zidabweretsedwa kumayiko osiyanasiyana ku South ndi North America, Asia, Europe, Africa, ndi zina zambiri. Malipoti a mbiri yakale akuwonetsa kuti nyamazi zidasinthidwa kuti zikonzekere masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Medieval Europe. Amatha kupirira zida zankhondo zolemera kwambiri kwanthawi yayitali.

Pali umboni kuti mchaka cha 1495 Christopher Columbus adasula nyulu ndi manja ake ku kontinentiyi komwe adapeza. Iyemwini adabweretsa nyama zomwe adaweta ku Cuba ndi Mexico. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, akazi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kukwera pamahatchi, ndipo abambo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu wolemera.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Nyulu yamphongo

Kunja, nyulu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kavalo ndi bulu. Kukhala ndi thupi limachokera kwa kavalo, ndi mawonekedwe amutu, osati miyendo yayitali kwambiri, ndipo khosi lidalandira kuchokera kwa bulu. Makutu ndi otalikirana komanso otalikirapo kuposa a abulu, mawonekedwe a kavalo. Makhalidwe ofanana ndi kupezeka kwa bang, mane ndi mchira. Nyama zili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu.

Kulemera kwa thupi kumadalira kulemera kwa thupi la mayi. Mtundu ndi utoto umadziwikanso ndi mawonekedwe a mayiyo. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu pakufota kumasiyana kuyambira mita imodzi ndi theka. Kulemera kwa thupi kulinso kosiyanasiyana, kumatha kuwerengera pakati pa 280 mpaka 650 kilogalamu. Nthawi zambiri, nyulu imakhala yayikulu kuposa kukula kwa makolo awo. Pankhaniyi, kuti apeze ana athanzi komanso olimba, obereketsa amasankha mitundu yayitali kwambiri komanso yolimba ya mitundu yomwe ilipo kale.

Nyama izi zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe azakugonana. Akazi amalamulira kukula kwa thupi kuposa amuna. Ma nyulu amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwamakhalidwe ena omwe amapezeka mwaanthu onse, mosasamala za makolo awo.

Zizindikiro zofanana:

• mutu waukulu;
• maso owoneka ngati amondi;
• otsika ndifupikitsidwa amafota;
• mzere wolunjika, wofotokozedwa bwino;
• croup yayifupi poyerekeza ndi akavalo;
• molunjika, ngakhale khosi;
• Miyendo yayifupi, yamphamvu yokhala ndi ziboda zazitali.

Kodi bulu amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Nyulu yaying'ono

Nyumbu zambiri zimapezeka ku South America. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofala m'maiko osiyanasiyana.

Madera omwe nyulu amakhala:

• Maiko aku Central Asia;
• Korea;
• Transcarpathia;
• madera akumwera kwa Europe;
• Africa;
• Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
• South America.

Masiku ano nyulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'malo omwe anthu amakakamizidwa kugwira ntchito yakalavulagaga. Kugwira ntchito molimbika, kulekerera komanso kudzichepetsa kuzinthu zomwe ali mndende ndizofunikira poyendetsa katundu kudera lamapiri komanso madera ovuta kufikako. Ubwino ndikuti palibe chifukwa chovala nsapato nyama. Amatha kudutsa mvula, matope, komanso mumsewu wachisanu.

Ma nyulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'maiko aku Asia, komanso mdziko la Africa, komwe kumafunikira zida zankhondo. M'masiku akale, mothandizidwa ndi nyamazi, ovulalawo adanyamulidwa kuchokera kunkhondo, miyala ndi mchere wina unkanyamulidwa. Akatswiri a zoologists akuwona kuti nyulu sizimasokoneza kwenikweni m'ndende. Ndi chakudya chokwanira, amatha kupirira nyengo yozizira, chisanu komanso nyengo youma. Nyama zimazolowera eni ake ngati azisamalira bwino.

Kodi bulu amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mule m'chilengedwe

Pankhani yopereka chakudya, abulu sangapatse eni ake mavuto ambiri. Opanga ziweto anayerekezera mtengo wopezera chakudya mahatchi ndi nyulu ndipo anapeza kuti nyulu zinali zosavuta kudyetsa. Kukula kwa minofu, nyama zimafunikira chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri.

Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha nyulu:

• nthambi;
• udzu;
• nyemba;
• masamba atsopano - kaloti, chimanga;
• maapulo;
• dzinthu - phala;
• amadyera.

Zotsatira zake kuti nyulu ndi chisakanizo cha mitundu ina iwiri ya nyama, chakudya chimafanana chimodzimodzi ndi kavalo komanso bulu. Pazakudya, gawo lalikulu ndi udzu, kapena udzu wouma. Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku umadalira kulemera kwa nyulu. Nyama wamba imafunikira makilogalamu 5-7 audzu wouma ndi ma kilogalamu 3-4 a chakudya chamagulu tsiku lililonse. Ngati palibe, mutha kuphika nokha, kapena kungosintha ndi masamba atsopano - mbatata, kaloti, chimanga, zitsamba zatsopano.

Zakudya za nyulu yaying'ono ziyenera kuphatikiza makilogalamu anayi osankhidwa, udzu wapamwamba kwambiri. Akamakula, zakudya zake zimawonjezeka, ndiwo zamasamba, zitsamba, chakudya choyenera chopangidwa pang'ono pang'ono chimayambitsidwamo.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Nyulu yamphongo

Pali zabwino zambiri komanso zabwino pamakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe anyulu. Ndi nyama zodekha, zotentha komanso zolimbikira. Pamodzi ndi katundu wolemera kapena wokwera atanyamula zida zonse, amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pamtunda wa makilomita 5-8 pa ola limodzi. Kukhoza kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa okhala m'mapiri ndi osayenda mumsewu, komanso zigawo zomwe zili kutali ndi misewu yabwino, yapamwamba komanso mayendedwe. Zimakhala zachilendo kuti nyuru zimatulutsa mawu ena omwe amafanana ndi abulu osakanikirana ndi bondo la kavalo.

Ma nyulu samangolimbana ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zokha, komanso amakhala ndi liwiro lokwanira. Ubwino wina ndi chitetezo champhamvu komanso kukana kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa anthu ena imatha kufikira zaka 60-65. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti akhala akugwirabe ntchito kwa zaka 30.

Makhalidwe akulu a nyama:

• Kuchita bwino kwambiri;
• kulolerana;
• kudzichepetsa mndende;
• thanzi labwino;
• kuthekera kopirira kosavuta kutentha popanda zotsatira;
• kudzichepetsa ndi kumvera.

Ngakhale kuti nyama sizikuwopa chilichonse posamalira ndipo palibe zofunikira zina kuti zisamalire, zimafunikira chisamaliro chachikondi ndi chisamaliro. Nyama sizilekerera kusasamala, nkhanza komanso nkhanza. Ndi bwino kutenga nyama kuti muzisamalira kuyambira ali aang'ono. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kuphunzitsa ma bulu kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi ali ndi zaka 3-3.5. Pasanathe chaka ndi theka, adzakhala olimba komanso okonzeka kugwira ntchito molimbika.

Ma nyulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ochita nawo mpikisano wamasewera. Mpikisano wosiyanasiyana umakonzedwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali: mafuko amodzi, ma sled, ndi zina zambiri. Masewera omwe ma bulu sangakwanitse kuchita ndi othamanga, omwe amaphatikiza kulumpha zopinga zazikulu. Zakudya za anthu akuluakulu zitha kukhala ndi ma kilogalamu 10-13 a udzu, ndiwo zamasamba, komanso chakudya chamagulu. Oats amalimbikitsidwa kwa nyama zazikulu nthawi ndi nthawi.

Tsopano mukudziwa kusiyanitsa pakati pa bulu ndi hinnie. Tiyeni tiwone momwe nyama zolimba izi zimaswana.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Mule Cub

Chosowa chachikulu kwambiri komanso chofunikira kwambiri cha nyulu ndi kusabereka. Amaweta powoloka abulu ndi mahatchi. Amuna onse, osasankha, amabadwa osabala. Amayi nawonso sangathe kubereka pafupifupi 80-85%. Akatswiri a zoo anafotokoza zochitika pamene nyulu zazimayi zinawoloka ndi abulu amphongo. Asayansi anafotokozanso mlandu wina pomwe bulu wamkazi atakwatirana ndi bulu anabereka mwana wamphongo. Izi zidachitika ku China.

Kulephera kubereka ndi kubadwa kwa ana kumafotokozedwa ndi ma chromosomes enaake. Zonsezi, mbiri yakupezeka kwa nyama ili ndi milandu 15 pomwe akazi adabereka.

Chosangalatsa: Asayansi apeza kuti nyulu zachikazi zimatha kukhala amayi oberekera ndipo zimanyamula bwino ndikubereka ana. Khalidwe ili limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza ana kuchokera kwa mitundu yamitundu yofunika kwambiri.

Chifukwa choti amuna onse ndi osabala kuyambira pobadwa, amatemedwa ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Kukula kwa anyamata obadwa kumene sikutanthauza kudziwa kapena luso lapadera. Malamulo osamalira ana obadwa kumene amafanana ndi a ana. Komabe, pali chenjezo limodzi. Zitsamba zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe matenda osiyanasiyana, m'pofunika kutentha bwino.

M'nyengo yozizira, amayenera kusungidwa m'makola osungidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, osapitirira maola 3-3.5 patsiku amaperekedwa kuti ayende pabwalo. M'chilimwe, m'nyengo yotentha, anawo amafunika kuthera nthawi yochuluka momwe angathere kumalo odyetserako ziweto. Kuweta ndi kuweta nyama kuyenera kuchitidwa kuyambira ali aang'ono. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyulu ndi zaka 30-40. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chiyembekezo cha moyo chitha kukwera mpaka zaka 50-60.

Adani achilengedwe a nyulu

Chithunzi: Mule

Ma nyulu samakhala mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake samakhala nyama zosaka nyama. Nyama zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chake sizingatengeke ndi matenda aliwonse. Komabe, pali mavuto ena. Chifukwa cha achondroplasia, kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa nyama zongobadwa kumene kumayamba. Zizindikiro za kudwala ndizofupika pakamwa, ziwalo zazing'ono ndi kukula kwa thupi chonse.

Nyama pafupifupi sizidwala matenda am'mimba, matenda amiyendo, ziboda ndi matenda opatsirana.

Kuphatikiza pa achondroplasia, nyama zimakonda kuvutika ndi izi:

• matenda oswana. Woyambitsa vutoli ndi trypanosome. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndizolembedwa pamatupi amthupi, kumangirira kumaliseche. Zikakhala zovuta, ziwalo za kumbuyo kwa thunthu zimachitika;
• miseche. Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya enaake. Akapezeka, palibe chithandizo. Nyama zimadalitsika chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu ndi nyama zina;
• epizootic lymphangitis. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha cryptococcus.

Ndi zakudya zopanda malire, nyama zimavutika ndi mavitamini, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, ndipo tsitsi limatha kutha.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Mule m'nyengo yozizira

Ma nyulu amapangidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana ku Europe, Asia, North ndi South America, ndi Africa. M'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi za m'zaka za zana lino, kuchuluka kwa nyulu kunali pafupifupi anthu 13 miliyoni. M'zaka khumi, wakula ndi enanso 1,000,000. Masiku ano, chiyerekezo cha anthu ndi 16,000,000.

Masiku ano, nyama sizikufunika kwenikweni, chifukwa m'maiko ambiri mphamvu zanyama zasinthidwa m'malo mwa makina ndi magalimoto. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri, amaweta osati cholinga chopeza ntchito, koma kuti achite nawo masewera ampikisano. Ku America, ndizodziwika bwino kuweta ziweto m'mafamu ena ngati othandizira osasinthika. Nyama zomwe zimamva chisamaliro cha mbuye wawo zimamulipira ndi kudzipereka kwathunthu komanso kumvera. Saopa phokoso lalikulu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira komanso bata.

Mule Ndi nyama yodekha, yokoma mtima komanso yolimbikira. Amapatsidwa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo champhamvu. Munthu amene amakhala mwini wa bulu ayenera kukhala woleza mtima komanso wosamala. Poterepa, nyamayo ibwezeretsanso, kudzichepetsa komanso kucheza. Nthawi zambiri eni ake amakhala osasamala, osafuna kumvera zopempha ndi zofuna za eni ake. Khalidwe ili silikusonyeza kuuma kwa bulu, koma za zolakwika, machitidwe olakwika a mwini wake poyerekeza ndi chinyama. Poterepa, muyenera kulingaliranso zamakhalidwe anu ndi njira zogwirira bulu.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 22.07.2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:35