Sikuti aliyense amadziwa za oimira zomera ndi zinyama ngati tamarin... Awa ndi nzika zaku South America. Tamarins ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono omwe ndi am'banja la marmoset. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osakumbukika komanso owoneka bwino. Anyaniwa ali m'gulu la zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyani wamtunduwu wagawika m'magulu angapo. Oyimilira a subspecies osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana mtundu, kukula ndi malo okhala.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Tamarin
Ma Tamarins ndi nyama zonyansa, ndi za oimira gulu lanyama, dongosolo la anyani, banja la ma marmosets, mtundu wa tamarins.
Makolo akale kwambiri a anyani onse ndi anyani anyani - purgatorius. Malinga ndi zomwe apeza, zotsalira zawo zidachokera ku Pleocene. Iwo anapezeka mu zomwe tsopano ndi America. Izi ndi zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zomwe zidabweretsa zolengedwa zina, zosinthika komanso zopambana kwambiri - plesiadapis ndi tupai.
Kanema: Tamarin
Yoyamba idalipo nthawi ya Paleocene ndi Eocene ku Europe ndi North America. Maonekedwe awo amafanana ndi mbewa kapena makoswe. Anali ndi mphuno yochepetsetsa, thupi lochepa, lalitali ndi mchira wautali. Nyamazi zinkakhala mumitengo ndipo zinkadya tizilombo komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera.
Tupai amakhala mdera la Asia amakono pa Eocene ndi Upper Paleocene. Iwo anali ndi kapangidwe ka mano ndi ziwalo, zomwe zimayandikira kwambiri kuthupi la anyani amakono. Pambuyo pake, pakupanga nyama, zidagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kutengera ndi malo okhala, apanga mawonekedwe ena azizindikiro ndi zizindikilo zakunja. Malinga ndi izi, anyani adagawika m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Monkey tamarin
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu wamkulu ndi masentimita 19 mpaka 35. Nyani ali ndi mchira wautali kwambiri. Kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa thupi ndipo kumakhala pakati pa 20 mpaka 40 sentimita. Mosasamala kanthu za subspecies, oimira ake amasiyana ndi anyani ena m'maonekedwe awo owoneka bwino komanso osasintha komanso mitundu yachilendo. Nyama zili ndi tsitsi lakuda kwambiri komanso lofewa. Mtundu wake ukhoza kukhala wosiyanasiyana kwambiri.
Mtundu wa anyani ang'onoang'ono:
- wachikasu;
- zoyera;
- chakuda;
- wamwamuna;
- bulauni;
- mithunzi yofiira;
- wokondedwa;
- golide ndi malankhulidwe ake osiyanasiyana.
Chikhalidwe cha mitundu iyi ya anyani ndikosakanikirana modabwitsa kwamitundu yonse yamitundu. Anthu ena ndi ma subspecies amafotokoza bwino bwino nsidze, mphuno, ndevu, ndevu, "masokosi pamiyendo", ndi zina zambiri. Pali nthumwi za mitundu ing'onoing'ono yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yosazolowereka kotero kuti kuchokera kutali nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa ngati mbalame zachilendo.
Kutengera ndi subspecies, nkhope za anyani zilibe masamba konse, komano, zaphimbidwa ndi ubweya. Kulemera kwa munthu m'modzi wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 300-400. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa wakuda. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti utoto uwu siwofanana ndi mtundu wa malaya okha, komanso mtundu wa khungu.
Kodi tamarin amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Imperial Tamarin
Anyani amasankha nkhalango zam'malo otentha okhala ndiudzu wandiweyani kukhala kwawo. Chofunikira ndi mitengo yambiri yazipatso ndi zitsamba. Ambiri mwa nthumwi zamtunduwu amakhala m'nkhalango za dziko latsopano. Ndi achikhalidwe chawo ku South America.
Madera omwe Tamarins amakhala:
- Madera apakati a South America;
- Costa Rica;
- Northern Bolivia;
- Amazon;
- Colombia;
- Brazil;
- Peru.
Nthawi zambiri nyama zimathera m'nkhalango zowirira. Zing'onozing'ono ndi zikhomo zolimba ndi mchira wautali zimalola kuti nyama zikwere pamwamba kwambiri ndikudya zipatso zakupsa pamwamba pa mitengo yayitali kwambiri. Anyani amakonda nyengo yotentha, youma. Samalekerera kusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kanyengo, kuzizira, ndi chinyezi chabwino kwambiri.
Anyani pafupifupi sataya nthawi padziko lapansi. Mitu ndi mitengo yolemera kwambiri yamtengo imathandizira osati kungopeza chakudya chokwanira, komanso kuthawa adani ambiri.
Kodi tamarin amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Oedipus tamarin
Zambiri mwa zakudya zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba. Komabe, anyani sangakane chakudya choyambira nyama, mwachitsanzo, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Chakudya cha tamarins:
- zipatso;
- maluwa;
- timadzi tokoma;
- mazira a mitundu ina ya mbalame;
- zokwawa zapakatikati;
- amphibians - abuluzi, achule;
- tizilombo tosiyanasiyana: dzombe, ziwala, njenjete, mphemvu, akangaude.
Nyani amaonedwa ngati omnivorous. M'malo opangira, amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: zipatso zakupsa, zowutsa mudyo, masamba, tizilombo, mphutsi, nkhuku ndi zinziri mazira. Komanso, pang'ono pokha nyama yowonda, kanyumba tchizi amawonjezeranso pachakudyacho.
Tamarins samamwa madzi. Amakwaniritsa zosowa za thupi zamadzimadzi chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma zowuma zamitengo ndi zitsamba. Gawo loyenera la zakudya ndi masamba obiriwira, mphukira ndi masamba azomera zazing'ono ndi zitsamba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lion Tamarin
Nyama zimakonda kukwera mitengo komanso tchire zosiyanasiyana. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo osiyanasiyana. Anyani ang'onoang'ono ndi nyama zosintha nthawi zina. Amadzuka ndi cheza choyambirira cha dzuwa ndipo amakhala otakataka kwambiri masana. Dzuwa likangoyamba kulowa, amapita kukagona, ndikusankha malo abwino kwambiri panthambi za mitengo kapena mipesa. Mchira wautali umathandiza ma tamarini kuti asamuke panthambi kupita kunthambi, atapachikidwa pamipesa. Zimagwiritsanso ntchito balancer mukalumpha.
Ma Tamarine samakonda kukhala moyo wawokha. Amakhala m'magulu. Kukula kwa banja limodzi kapena gulu kuyambira pakati pa anthu asanu mpaka makumi awiri. Anyani ndi nyama zokonda kusewera, kusewera komanso kuyenda. Amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake mothandizidwa ndi nkhope, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ubweya wambiri. Anyani amakonda kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana. Amatha kulira ngati mbalame, kapena mluzu, nthawi zina amalira kapena kulira. Akazindikira kuti ngozi yayandikira, amafuula kwambiri.
Banja lirilonse liri ndi mtsogoleri - wamkazi wamkulu kwambiri komanso wodziwa zambiri. Ntchito ya amuna ndiyo kudzipezera chakudya iwo ndi mabanja awo. Banja lirilonse limakhala m'dera linalake, lomwe limateteza kwambiri alendo akamawonekera. Anthu amtundu uliwonse amalemba gawo lawo mwa kupukusa khungwa pamitengo ndi tchire. Ngakhale ma tamarini ang'onoang'ono amachita nsanje kwambiri poteteza gawo lawo. Nthawi zambiri amamenyananso gawo lawo, akugwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo ndi mano akuthwa. A Tamarins amakhala nthawi yayitali kutsuka ubweya wa abale awo. Kusangalala kotereku kumakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi majeremusi ndikukupatsani minofu yotsitsimula.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Tamarin wakhanda
Oimira amtundu uwu amafikira kukhwima ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, amakwatirana, amaberekana ndipo amakhala ndi ana. Nthawi yokhwima anyani imayambira pakati kapena kumapeto kwa dzinja. Amuna amayang'ana theka lawo lina ndikuyamba kuwonetsa chidwi chake m'njira iliyonse, akuyembekeza kubwelelanso. Akazi nthawi zonse samathamangira kubwezera. Amatha kuwona zoyeserera zamphongo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo patapita kanthawi amayankha. Ngati awiri amapangidwa, mating amapezeka, pambuyo pake pamakhala mimba.
Mimba imatenga masiku 130-140. Ana amabadwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe, koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Ma tamarini achikazi ndi achonde kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amabala ana awiri. Akafika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amakhala okonzeka kuberekanso ndipo akhoza kubereka ana ena amapasa.
Zitsamba zimakula ndikukula msanga. Ali ndi miyezi iwiri, makanda amakhala akuyenda mochenjera pamitengo ndi mipesa ndipo amakhala kuti akudzipezera chakudya. M'banja lirilonse, ndichikhalidwe kusamalira limodzi ndikulera achinyamata. Akuluakulu amapatsa ana zipatso zokoma komanso zowoneka bwino kwambiri. Ana akakhala m'banja, mamembala ake onse amakhala osamala kwambiri ndikuwunika chitetezo chawo.
Mpaka zaka ziwiri, mbadwo wachichepere uli pafupi ndi makolo awo. Pambuyo pake, ali okonzeka kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Komabe, samakonda kusiya mabanja awo. Amakhalabe mgululi ndipo amachita zinthu zawo zachizolowezi, amathandizira kulera ana omwe akukula.
M'mikhalidwe ya malo osungira nyama ndi malo ochitira ana, anyani amakhala bwino pakati pa okwatirana. Pakukula mikhalidwe yabwino komanso chakudya chokwanira, amabereka ana kawiri pachaka.
Adani achilengedwe a tamarins
Chithunzi: Tamarin ya mutu wa Brown
Mwachilengedwe, m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, anyani ang'onoang'ono ali ndi adani ambiri. Nyama zoopsa komanso zambiri zimawadikirira pafupifupi kulikonse. Anyani amapulumutsidwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwawo komanso kukwera mapiri ataliatali.
Adani achilengedwe a tamarins:
- mitundu yambalame yodya: akabawi, ziombankhanga, azeze aku South America;
- nyamazi;
- acelots;
- ziphuphu;
- jaguarundi;
- Zokwawa ndi mitundu yonse ya njoka zikuluzikulu zolusa.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama zosiyanasiyana, tizilombo toswana, akangaude, achule ndi abuluzi zimawononga anyani ang'onoang'ono. Samasaka ma tamarini, koma omaliza amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri. Kufuna kudzidyetsa nyama yosadziwika, kapena kukhutitsa njala yawo ndi oimira oopsa a zomera ndi zinyama, ali pangozi yakufa. Vuto lapadera limawopsezedwa ndi achinyamata omwe, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwawo komanso mphamvu zawo zambiri, amayesetsa kugwira chilichonse chomwe chimayenda. Nthawi zambiri amalandira mankhwala owopsa, omwe amapha nyama.
Achibale akuyang'anitsitsa zomwe zikuchitika. Mwa njira iliyonse yowopsa, amalira mofuula, mokuwa ndikuchenjeza abale onse kuti ndi nthawi yoti adzipulumutse. Maonekedwe achilendo, osowa anyaniwa amakopa anthu ambiri opha nyama mosafunikira. Amasaka nyamazo, amazisaka kuti zigulitsidwe kwa anthu wamba pamsika wakuda kapena zogulitsa kumalo osungira nyama ndi nazale. Kuphatikiza pa umbanda, zochitika za anthu zimathandizira kutsika kwa ziweto. Anthu akuwononga chilengedwe cha nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tamarins
Malinga ndi asayansi, chiwopsezo chachikulu ku nyama ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Udindo wama tamarins umadalira subspecies. Mitundu yambiri siili pachiwopsezo chotha.
Mwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta tamarins, palinso tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tikuwopsezedwa kuti titha:
- Tamarin wamapewa agolide - ali ndi "mitundu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha";
- Tamarin yoyera-yoyera - ali ndi "mitundu yangozi";
- Oedipus tamarin - subspecies izi zapatsidwa udindo wa "watsala pang'ono kutha"
Zosangalatsa: Nyama nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maso ozungulira, akuda, komanso akuya. Makutu ndi ochepa, ozungulira, amatha kuphimbidwa ndi tsitsi. Nyamazo zili ndi miyendo yolimba kwambiri yokhala ndi minofu yotukuka bwino. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo imakhala ndi zala zazitali, zowonda zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zakuthwa.
Tamarins ndi mtundu wa nyani womwe umafunikira chitetezo. Ma subspecies ambiri ali pachiwopsezo. M'madera okhala anyani, kusaka ndi kutchera nyama ndikoletsedwa pamalamulo. Kuphwanya lamuloli kumaphatikizaponso milandu ndi milandu. Akuluakulu nthawi ndi nthawi amakonza zandale m'misika yam'deralo.
Chitetezo cha Tamarins
Chithunzi: Tamarin kuchokera ku Red Book
Pochita ziwopsezo zoterezi, nyama nthawi zambiri zimamasulidwa ndikugulitsidwa ndi osaka nyama. Nyama zimamasulidwa kumalo awo achilengedwe, ndipo ophwanya malamulo amalangidwa. M'madera momwe anyani ang'onoang'ono amakhala, nkoletsedwa kudula nkhalango. Komabe, lamuloli siligwira ntchito kulikonse. M'madera ena, migodi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yachilengedwe imayendetsedwa, motero ndizopanda phindu kwambiri kuti tiletse kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango zam'madera otentha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Akasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama, nyama zimakhala ndi nkhawa. Zikatero, nyama zimatha kudya chakudya chomwe sangadye.
Matimara ambiri amasungidwa m'malo osungira ana ndi malo osungira nyama. Kumeneko, ogwira ntchito ndi akatswiri amayesa kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa iwo, zomwe moyo wawo udzawonjezeka, ndipo zokolola zawo sizidzachepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi zachilengedwe.
Tamarin Ndi nyani wodabwitsa pang'ono. Tsoka ilo, ma subspecies ambiri ali pafupi kutha, kapena amadziwika ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Lero, anthu ayenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti asunge ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuti ana athu akhale ndi mwayi wowona nyama osati pazithunzi zokha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/16/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 nthawi 20:50
