Fulu wamtchire (Macroclemys temminckii) ndiwo okhawo omwe amayimira mtundu wa Macroclemys. Mtundu uwu umatengedwa ngati kamba wamkulu wamadzi amchere, chifukwa kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kufika 80 kg. Akamba awa amawoneka owopsa. Carapace yawo imawoneka ngati carapace ya buluzi wina wakale. Kamba anatcha dzina lake kuchokera ku mbalame yamphongo chifukwa chakuti ndi mbalameyi ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a mlomo. Akamba a ziwombankhanga ndi aukali kwambiri, amaluma kwambiri ndipo ndi oopsa kwambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kamba wamphamba
Vulture kapena alligator akuwombera kamba ndi wa banja lakumphutsi. Akamba amtundu wa Genus Vulture, mitundu ya kamba wa Vulture. Funso la komwe akamba amachokera lidalibe yankho. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti akamba anasintha kuchokera ku zokwawa zomwe zinatha za cotylosaurs zomwe zinkakhala m'nthawi ya Permian m'nthawi ya Paleozoic, yomwe imachokera ku mitundu ya Eunotosaurus (Eunosaurs), izi ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimawoneka ngati abuluzi okhala ndi nthiti zazikulu zomwe zimapanga chishango chakumbuyo.
Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, asayansi adatsika akamba kuchokera pagulu laling'ono lomwe ndi mbadwa za amphibians discosauris. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, zadziwika kuti akamba ndi ma diapids okhala ndi mawindo ocheperako ndipo ndi gulu logwirizana ndi ma archosaurs.
Kanema: Kamba wamphamba
Kamba woyamba m'mbiri yemwe pakadali pano amadziwika ndi sayansi amakhala padziko lapansi zaka 220 miliyoni zapitazo m'nthawi ya Triassic ya nthawi ya Mesozoic. Kamba wakale anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yamakono ya akamba, iye anali kokha mbali ya m'munsi mwa chigobacho, kamba anali mano mkamwa mwake. Kamba wotsatira, Proganochelys quenstedti, yemwe amakhala m'nthawi ya Triassic pafupifupi zaka 210 miliyoni zapitazo, anali atafanana kale ndi akamba amakono, anali kale ndi chipolopolo chokwanira, komabe, anali ndi mano mkamwa. Pakadali pano, mitundu yambiri yazakale zakale ikudziwika. Pakati pawo palinso kamba wamkulu kwambiri wa mtundu wa Meiolania, yemwe kutalika kwake ndi 2.5 mita. Lero, pali mabanja 12 akamba ndipo amaphunzitsidwa mwakhama.
Macroclemys temminckii Kamba wamtundu wa alligator amafanana kwambiri ndi kamba wonyezimira, koma mosiyana ndi mtundu uwu, kamba wamavuto ali ndi maso m'mbali. Komanso, mtundu uwu uli ndi milomo yolumikizidwa kwambiri komanso ziphuphu zingapo zapakatikati, zomwe zimapezeka pakati pazamphepete ndi zoyambilira. Chigoba chakumbuyo cha kamba chimalimba kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Turtle ya Alligator
Kamba wamiyendo ndiye kamba wamkulu kwambiri wamtunda. Kulemera kwa kamba wamkulu kumachokera ku makilogalamu 60 mpaka 90, komabe, pali akamba akulemera mpaka 110 kg. Amuna amtundu wamtundu uwu ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi. Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 1.5 mita. Chamba cha kamba ndi chachikulu, chozungulira mozungulira ndipo chili ndi mizere itatu yamapanga yomwe ili m'mbali mwa chipolopolocho. Kukula kwa carapace kumakhala pafupifupi 70-80 cm. Carapace ndi bulauni.
Pamwamba pa kamba pake pali zishango. Maso a kamba ali pambali. Mutu ndi waukulu komanso wolemera pamutu pali minga ndi zosakhazikika. Nsagwada zakumtunda za kamba zimapindika mwamphamvu pansi, ngati mlomo wa mbalame. Kamba ali ndi khosi lolimba komanso laminyewa lokhala ndi mizere ingapo. Chibwano ndi cholimba komanso cholimba. Pakamwa pali lilime lofiira ngati mphutsi. Kakhungu kakang'ono kakang'ono sikaphimba thupi lonse la kamba.
Mchira wautali uli ndi mizere itatu ya zotuluka pamwamba ndi timitengo ting'onoting'ono tambiri pansi. Pamatumba a kamba pali timadzi timeneti pakati pa zala zakumapazi; zala zake zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Pamwamba pa chipolopolo cha kamba, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chikwangwani cha algae wobiriwira, chomwe chimathandiza kuti nyamayo ikhale yosaoneka. Kamba wamkhono amatha kuonedwa ngati chiwindi chachitali chifukwa kuthengo kamba amakhala zaka pafupifupi 50-70. Ngakhale pakati pa akamba amtunduwu panali azaka zana zenizeni, omwe amakhala zaka 120-150.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kamba wamkhwangwa ali ndi chida chowonjezerapo - kamadzimadzi konyansa kabotolo, pamene kamba amva zoopsa, samatha kuluma munthu, koma amangotsegula pakamwa pake ndikutulutsa kamadzimadzi kuchokera kuzikhodzodzo, ndiye amachenjeza za ngozi.
Kodi kamba wamkhola amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kamba wachifwamba ku USA
Dziko lakwawo la kamba wam'madzi ndi United States of America. Izi makamaka ndi boma la Illinois, Kansas, Iowa, apa mitundu iyi ya akamba imapezeka nthawi zambiri. Akamba amakhala mumtsinje wa Mississippi ndi mitsinje ina ikumadutsa ku Gulf of Mexico. Komanso khalani munyanja, madambo ndi ngalande zaku North Florida. Amakhala m'matupi a Texas ndi Georgia.
Ngakhale kuti akamba amtunduwu amawerengedwa ngati nthaka, akamba amathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'madzi, ndipo amapita kumtunda kokha kuti akhale ndi ana. Kwa moyo wonse, amasankha malo osungira madzi abwino okhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso pansi pamatope. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti akamba amtundu uwu azikhala pansi pamatope pomwe pali madzi amatope mosungira. Akamba amadzibisala okha m'chipululu posaka.
Mwachilengedwe, akamba amtundu uwu ndi ovuta kuwona; amakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri pafupifupi nthawi zonse m'madzi. Akamba a Alligator amapita kumtunda kokha kuti akamange chisa ndikuikira mazira. Malo osazolowereka amasankhidwa kuti apange chisa, amatha kupanga chisa m'mbali mwa mseu kapena pakati pa gombe.
Nthawi yobisalira, kamba chaka chilichonse imayesetsa kukonza zowomberazo pamalo omwe zidagwirako chaka chatha, nthawi zina zimaganizira sentimita iliyonse. Akamba achichepere amasankha malo okhala ndi mtsinje wosachedwa komanso madzi otentha, komwe amatha kubisala. Nthawi zina akamba amtunduwu amatha kusamukira kukafunafuna chakudya, komabe, kuti anthu atetezeke, choyambirira, amabwerera kumalo awo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kamba ka nkhwazi amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kamba wamphongo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Vulture. kapena kamba wa alligator
Chakudya chachikulu cha kamba wamtunduwu ndi monga:
- nsomba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- nyongolotsi;
- nsomba zazinkhanira, molluscs;
- shirimpi;
- nkhanu ndi nkhanu;
- achule ndi zamoyo zina;
- njoka;
- akamba ang'onoang'ono;
- algae, plankton.
Gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho ndi nsomba, ndipamene nyama imasakidwa kawirikawiri. Kamba wonyezimira ndi nyama yowopsa; ili ndi nsagwada zamphamvu zomwe imatha kuphwasula nyama iliyonse ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Kamba amatha kugwira mosavuta nyama yayikulu. Pakusaka nyama yolusayo imalowerera m'nyanjayi kuti isawonekere. Kamba amagona pamenepo osasunthika mpaka nyamayo itasambira. Nthawi yomweyo, amadzionetsera ngati lilime lowonda ngati nyongolotsi. Nsomba yosayembekezereka, itawona nyongolotsi yofiira ikugundana pansi, imasambira mpaka pamenepo. Kamba, polola kuti nyamayo iziyandikira kwambiri, imatsegula pakamwa pake modya.
Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, kamba wamphamba amatha kudya achule ndi amphibiya. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala milandu yodya anzawo, pomwe akamba amtunduwu amalimbana ndi akamba ang'onoang'ono. Mutha kugwira njoka ndikudya. Komanso kamba amadya masamba obiriwira a algae, ma molluscs ang'onoang'ono, nkhanu. Akamba achikulire amatha kugwira mbalame zam'madzi.
Chosangalatsa: Pakusaka, kamba wamphamba amatha kugona pansi pamadzi osasuntha kwa mphindi zopitilira 40.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kamba wachifwamba wochokera ku Red Book
Akamba a Alligator amakonda kukhala moyo wachinsinsi. Chokwawa chabwino kwambiri chimakhala chobisika m'madzi akuda mumatope pakati pa masamba a nthambi. M'madzi, kamba imakhala bata ndipo imawombera pokhapokha ikasaka, kapena ikawona zoopsa. Kamba amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi, komabe, amafunika kusambira pamwamba mphindi 30-50 zilizonse kuti athe kuwuluka, kotero chokwawa chimayesetsa kukhazikika m'madzi osaya. Kamba amayamba kuchita zinthu mwankhanza kwambiri mukamayesetsa kuti muchotse m'malo omwe mumakhala, kamba amayamba kudziteteza ndipo amatha kuluma kwambiri. Akamba samakonda anthu, koma amalekerera munthu ngati sawakhudza.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chifukwa cha nsagwada zamphamvu, kuluma kwa kamba iyi ndi kowopsa kwambiri. Mphamvu yoluma ndi 70 kg pa sentimita imodzi. Kamba amatha kuluma chala cha munthu poyenda kamodzi, motero ndi bwino kuti asakhudze chokwawa. Ngati kamba ikufunika kutola, izi zitha kuchitika kumbuyo kwa chipolopolocho.
Ena okonda kamba amalota za chiweto chotere, koma pafupifupi m'maiko onse aku United States ndizoletsedwa kusunga akamba otere kunyumba, chifukwa amatha kukhala owopsa kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, akamba ndi owopsa komanso olusa, nthawi zambiri sawoneka, koma ndiobisalira. Kapangidwe kazikhalidwe sikukula. Akamba amtunduwu amakonda kukhala okha, amakumana munthawi yokhwima. Malingaliro am'banja komanso makolo nawonso sanakule, koma akazi ali ndi chibadwa chotukuka kwambiri. Makolo samasamala za ana awo, komabe, akamba ang'onoang'ono amatha kudzipezera chakudya kuyambira tsiku loyamba la moyo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kamba wamphamba
Akamba amphamba amafika pofika zaka 13. Kulumikizana mu akamba kumachitika mosungira pafupi ndi gombe. Pakapita nthawi, yaikazi imapita kumtunda kwa nthawi yoyamba pamoyo wake kuti iikire mazira. Mkazi amaikira mazira 15 mpaka 40 nthawi imodzi. Mazira a akamba amiyu ndi apinki.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Akamba ali ndi luso loyenda bwino kwambiri, amatsogoleredwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi ndipo amatha kupeza komwe adabadwira, komanso komwe mkazi adayikira mazira komaliza ku sentimita yapafupi.
Kamba amatha kupanga chisa pamalo osazolowereka kwambiri, pakati pa gombe, pafupi ndi mseu, koma zomangamanga nthawi zonse zimakhala pamtunda wopitilira 50 mita kuchokera kumadzi. Izi zimachitika kuti madzi asawononge chisa nthawi yamafunde. Mkazi amapanga zowalamulira pawokha. Ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, kamba amatulutsa dzenje mumchenga, momwe imayikira mazira ake. Kenako amakwirira mazirawo ndi mchenga, kuyesa kubisa zowalamulira momwe angathere. Kamba akaikira mazira ake, amabwerera m'madzi. Makolo sasamala za ana awo. Kugonana kwa kamba wamwana kumadalira momwe mazira adakhalira nthawi yakusakaniza. Ana amabadwa patatha masiku 100, kutulutsa akamba am'madzi kumachitika nthawi yophukira.
Akamba amaswa pansi kwambiri padziko lapansi, kamba kakang'ono kakang'ono kokha ndi masentimita 5-7. Mtundu wa akamba obadwa kumene ndi wobiriwira. Poyendetsedwa ndi chibadwa, akamba ang'onoang'ono amakwawa pamchenga kupita kumadzi. Ngakhale kukhala ochepa kwambiri, amatha kupeza chakudya chawo podyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, plankton, nsomba ndi crustaceans. Akamba sakumananso ndi makolo awo, koma akazi amabwerera zaka 13-15 kuti akonze chisa chawo komwe adabadwira.
Adani achilengedwe a akamba amizere
Chithunzi: Kamba wamphongo m'chilengedwe
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe owopsa, akamba achikulire amtunduwu alibe adani mwachilengedwe. Komabe, akamba ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa amadyedwa ndi zilombo zazikulu.
Zisa nthawi zambiri zimawonongedwa ndi zolusa monga:
- ziphuphu;
- mimbulu;
- agalu.
Atafika posungira, akamba ang'onoang'ono amakhala pachiwopsezo chodyedwa ndi akamba ena, ndipo mwina ndi makolo awo omwe. Choncho, akamba ang'onoang'ono mwachibadwa amayesa kubisala m'nkhalango zowirira. Koma mdani woopsa kwambiri wa akamba amiyamba anali munthu ndipo amakhalabe munthu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyama ya kamba ndi chokoma chapadera ndipo msuzi wa kamba amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Timayamikiranso kwambiri chigoba cha kamba, chomwe ndi chamtengo wapatali pamsika wakuda. Ndizowopsa kugwira akamba amtunduwu, komabe, pakamwa pawo pakawuma sikuletsa osaka. Ngakhale kuletsedwa kwa kusaka nyama zokwawa izi, akamba amagwirabe nthawi zonse.
Chaka chilichonse zolengedwa zodabwitsa izi zimachepa. Macroclemys temminckii adalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo ali ndi mtundu wazovuta. M'malo momwe akamba amtunduwu adakumana kale, ochepa okha adatsalira. Pofuna kuteteza zamoyozi, akamba amawalerera kumalo osungira nyama ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe.
Kusunga akamba amiyala
Chithunzi: Kamba wachifwamba wochokera ku Red Book
M'malo achilengedwe amtundu uwu wa akamba, chaka chilichonse amachepa. Ngakhale kuti Macroclemys temminckii amatetezedwa bwino ndi chilengedwe ndipo alibe adani achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera. Masiku ano, akamba amiyendo amafafanizidwa ndi anthu, chifukwa nyama ya zokwawa izi zimawoneka ngati zokoma. Pofuna kuteteza akamba ku United States, kuletsa kusaka kunayambika, koma akamba amiyulu, komabe, opha nyama mwachinyengo nthawi zambiri amawasaka.
Kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa anthu, akamba amtunduwu amabadwira ku ukapolo. M'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Mississippi, malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako zinthu adapangidwa, kusaka ndikoletsedwa pamenepo ndipo nyama zonse ndizotetezedwa. Awa ndi malo monga Effeji Mounds National Park, Lask Krilk, dera lalikulu lachitetezo, lomwe lili pagombe lamanzere la Mtsinje wa Mississippi, malo osungira zachilengedwe ku Delta ndi ena ambiri. Komanso akamba amiyulu amakhala moyo wabwino ndikuberekana m'malo osungira zachilengedwe a mzinda wa Chicago.
Ngakhale kuti m'malo akamba izi ndizoletsedwa kuti zizikhala kunyumba, m'maiko ena padziko lapansi, okonda ambiri ali ndi zokwawa ngati ziweto. Pakadali pano, ndizoletsedwa kugulitsa akamba ngakhale kuswana zoweta, popeza atsala ochepa.
Kamba wamphamba nyama yodabwitsa kwambiri. Amawoneka ngati ma dinosaurs enieni, njira yawo yosakira siyingathe kubwerezedwa ndi nyama zina zilizonse, chifukwa zimagwira lilime lawo. Kwa zaka zambiri mitundu iyi idakhalapo padzikoli, chifukwa chake tiyeni tizipange kuti anthu omwe adzakhale padziko lapansi mtsogolomo athe kuwona zodabwitsa izi. Tetezani chilengedwe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 20:21
