Babirussa

Pakadali pano, pali mitundu 22 yokha ya nkhumba padziko lapansi, koma mwa kuchuluka kwakukulu, pali gulu lina linyama lotchedwa babirus. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo, babusa kapena mbawala ya nkhumba, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi abale awo onse. Ichi ndi nyama yosowa kwambiri, yomwe ili pangozi, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso malo okhala ochepa.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Babirussa

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mitundu yodabwitsa iyi kudalembedwa mu 1658, palinso lingaliro lomwe Aroma adaphunzira zakukhalapo kwa babirus koyambirira kwa zaka za 1 AD. Nyama zinalandira limodzi la mayina oyamba amakono mu 1758. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera mchilankhulo cha Chimalaya, mawu oti babirussa amatanthauza nyama yankhumba, koma ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu, babirussa amawoneka ofanana ndi nkhumba.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Malinga ndi zotsatira za maphunziro ena asayansi, zatsimikiziridwa kuti subspecies izi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mvuu. Mpaka posachedwa, nyama zidasankhidwa kukhala mtundu umodzi, koma atasanthula mwatsatanetsatane za kusiyana kwawo, momwe zimakhalira zigaza, mano, kukula ndi chovala.

Akatswiri a zooologiya apeza magulu 4 akuluakulu:

• alirezatalischi Zinyama zazing'onozi, zomwe zimapezeka kuzilumba za Buru ndi Sula, zimakhala ndi khungu lowala, khungu lowonda, lopanda tsitsi;
• babyrousa bolabatuensis. Nyama zomwe zimangokhala kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha Sulawesi;
• alireza. Babiruss waku Sulawesi, yemwe amafunkha ku Sulawesi, kuwonjezera kumwera kwa chilumbachi, ali ndi khungu lakuda;
• alireza. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali pazilumba zazing'ono zazisumbu zokongola za Togian.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu ndi magawidwe awo kumadalira malo okhalamo, moyo wawo komanso zakudya zawo, komabe, kafukufuku wowzama wa babiruss amalepheretsedwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe ilipo, panali mitundu ina yomwe sinakhalebe mpaka pano.

Mosiyana ndi abale awo, nkhumba, babirussi sizimakumba ziphuphu zawo pansi, kupatula nthaka yamadambo, yomwe imakhala yokhayokha kapena yaying'ono, amawerengedwa kuti ndi nkhalango.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Nkhumba babirusa

Mbali yayikulu ndikusiyanitsa kwa zinyama izi ndi achibale awo a nkhumba ndi zipsera zawo zachilendo zopindika. Ma canine apamwamba amakula nthawi yonse ya moyo, ndikupindika kutsogolo kwa mphutsi. Ngati sanatofe kapena kuthyoka, pomenya nkhondo ndi anthu ena, chifukwa cha khungu lowonda, zibambo zimakula kukhala thupi lawo, ndikupanga mphete. Zilombazi zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 30 mpaka 40 ndikukula molunjika mu chigaza.

Kanema: Babirussa

Ngakhale amawoneka owopsa, mano ndi osalimba, ndipo chifukwa chovuta, mababirusi samawagwiritsa ntchito kupeza chakudya kapena chida. Cholinga chachindunji cha mayiniwa sichinakhazikitsidwe kwenikweni, koma zoterezi zimangokhala amuna okha, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi ma canine ochepa. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa akatswiri azinyama, mano awa ndiofunikira kwa mkazi posankha wokwatirana naye.

Chifukwa cha zachilendo zachilendo ndi kusowa kwachidziwitso chazomwe amagwiritsira ntchito, okhalamo ali ndi nthano ndi zikhulupiriro zopanda maziko. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, mano a babirus amafunikira kuti agwiritsitse mitengo ndi kupumula pamalo opachikika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mayini amafanana ndi msinkhu wa nyama ndipo kumapeto kwa moyo wawo amakhala otalika kwambiri kotero kuti amakula kudzera mu chigaza ndikupha nyamayo.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali lingaliro loti mothandizidwa ndi zibambo zopotana, wamwamuna amathetsa msewu kuchokera m'nkhalango, kwa banja lake, koma chiphunzitsochi sichinalandire chitsimikiziro chilichonse cha sayansi.

Chinthu china chosafunikira cha nkhumba ndi miyendo yayitali yayitali ndi ma bristles owonda, omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi malaya atali. Mtundu waukulu wa khungu la nyama zodabwitsa izi makamaka umakhala wonyezimira komanso wakuda. Mosasamala kanthu za subspecies, khungu la anthu onse ndi lochepa kwambiri komanso lamakwinya, lomwe limawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo, ngakhale kwa agalu.

Amuna ndi akulu kuposa achikazi, koma kwakukulu kukula kwawo kuli pafupi kukula kwa nkhumba wamba. Amakula osaposa 70-80 kg, mpaka mita imodzi, amakhala ndi khola lopindika, ali ndi mutu wawung'ono ndi makutu amfupi. Chofanana chokha pakati pa babirus ndi nkhumba ndi zidendene zawo ndi phokoso lomwe amalankhula, amalumikizana kudzera kukuwa, kulira ndi nsagwada.

Babirusa amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Babirussa mwachilengedwe

Babirussa ndi wapadera komanso imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, malo omwe amakhala kuzilumba zazing'ono zaku Indonesia, zomwe ndi zilumba za Malay Archipelago:

• Sulawesi;
• Buru;
• Sula;
• Togian.

M'khola lawo, nyama izi sizipezeka kwina kulikonse. M'mbuyomu, a Babirose amakhala pachilumba chonse cha Sulawesi, koma pofika zaka za zana la 19 anali atazimiririka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chilumbacho.

Mosiyana ndi abale awo, nkhumba, nyamazi sizidziwa momwe zingakumbe nthaka kuti ifufuze nyongolotsi, kafadala ndi zakudya zina. Chifukwa chake, amakhala makamaka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, madambo kapena madera oyandikana ndi nyanja, komwe mungapeze masamba opatsa thanzi mosavuta. Nkhalango yamvula yakhala yokondedwa komanso nyumba yokhayo ya babiruss, komwe amalemba gawo lawo, ndipo tsiku lonse amayenda m'njira zolimba kufunafuna chakudya.

Ma barirusi ndi nyama zosatetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake amakhala m'malo opanda adani, ndipo koposa zonse kuchokera kwa anthu, akukwera malo osafikirika a nkhalango zamvula. Komanso, nyamayi imapezeka mndende, m'malo osungira nyama apadziko lapansi, komwe akuyesera kusamalira ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nkhumba yapaderayi.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyama ya babirusa imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nkhumba yakutchire imadya.

Babirusa amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Animal Babirusa

Mimba ndi kagayidwe kake ka babirus ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi nkhosa ndi nyama zina zotafuna kuposa nkhumba. Nyama zimamwa fiber bwino, motero chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi zomera zouma ndi zitsamba, pomwe zimatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikutulutsa masamba okula kwambiri pamitengo.

Izi ndizambiri zomwe, kuphatikiza masamba okoma ndi udzu, amatha kudya:

• zipatso;
• zipatso;
• mtedza;
• bowa;
• nsomba;
• makungwa a mitengo;
• maluwa;
• tizilombo;
• mphutsi.

Koma kuti azidyera mphutsi zopatsa thanzi kapena mizu yazomera, sagwiritsa ntchito mano awo ndi ntchentche zawo, monga nkhumba wamba, koma amakumba zonse mothandizidwa ndi ziboda zawo zamphamvu. Ngakhale amakhala akulu, mababirus ndi osambira abwino kwambiri, amasangalala kulowa m'madzi, amatha kusambira pamtsinje waukulu, kuthana mosavuta ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, kudya nsomba zamtsinje kapena nyama zazing'ono. Anthu ambiri nthawi zonse amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndikupeza zonse zomwe angafunike pazakudya zawo pansi pa nyanja, pamafunde ochepa.

Nkhumba zazing'ono zimadya mkaka wa m'mawere kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu, koma zikafika masiku khumi zimawonjezera chakudya chawo ndi chakudya chotafuna. M'malo osungira nyama, zakudya za nyama zimaphatikizapo udzu, udzu, letesi, kaloti, mango ndi masamba ndi zipatso zina zambiri.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Babirusa wa nkhumba zakutchire

Chifukwa chakuchepa mwachangu kwa anthu a Babirus, njira yamoyo ndi machitidwe awo sadziwika bwino. Nyama zimasankha malo ovuta kuti ziziteteze, zimatha kupumula ndikusangalala pamiyala tsiku lonse.

Anthu amakhala okha, moyo wosakwatira, akazi amatha kulumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi achinyamata okha. Ntchito yawo yayikulu imachitika masana, monga nkhumba zonse, amakonda kugubuduzika m'madzi, motero amachotsa tiziromboti takhungu, komabe, mosiyana ndi nkhumba, sakonda kutolera m'matope kapena kudzipangira bedi, koma amasankha malo osungira oyera kapena malo otseguka ...

Amuna a Babirus amakonda kulima mchenga wofewa, chifukwa cha izi amagwada pansi ndikukankhira mutu wawo patsogolo, ndikupanga mzere wambiri, pochita izi, amatulutsa mkokomo ndikukuwa, kutulutsa malovu owuma. Akatswiri ambiri a zoo amakhulupirira kuti ndi momwe mwamuna amagwirira ntchito yolemba zonunkhira, koma palibe lingaliro limodzi komanso logwirizana.

Ngakhale zowopsa zonse kuchokera kwa anthu, babirusa ali ndiubwenzi, amalumikizana mosavuta, amasamalidwa mwachangu. Kukhala m'ndende kwakanthawi, nyama zitha kuwonetsa chidwi ndi chisangalalo, pamaso pa anthu odziwika, zikugwedeza mchira wawo ndi mutu wokongola. Zonsezi zimawonetsera babiruss ngati nyama zowoneka bwino komanso zomvera. Nyama zamakhalidwe abwinozi zimatha kuwonetsa nkhanza nthawi zochepa zokha, pomwe amuna amamenyera wamkazi komanso poteteza ana awo obadwa kumene.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Ana a Babirus

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtunduwu kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuchepa kwa zinyalala. Mkazi ali ndi zopangitsa ziwiri zokha, ndiye mawere awiri. Nthawi ina, amatha kubereka ana osapitilira awiri, omwe nthawi zonse amabadwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ichi ndi chinthu china chosiyanitsa cha babirus ndi abale ake a nkhumba.

Kukula msinkhu mu nkhumba za nswala kumachitika mwachangu, pamiyezi 10. Nyengo yakukhwimirana imayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Ogasiti, pomwe pamakhala ndewu pakati pa amuna okhaokha, zomwe zimathera mukakwatirana. Mimba mwa akazi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Babirusas wakhanda alibe mikwingwirima yoteteza kapena kubisala pakhungu lawo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kudya adani. Ma babirussa achikazi amadziwonetsa ngati mayi wodalirika komanso wosamala, kuteteza ana ake mwamphamvu ku ngozi iliyonse, akawopseza, amatha kuthamangira kwa munthu.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ubwino waukulu wamtunduwu ndikulimbana ndi matenda ambiri komanso chitetezo champhamvu, chobadwa nacho, chomwe nkhumba wamba sizingadzitamande. Ngakhale kudzichepetsa konse, kuwachulukitsa sikungapindulitse kwenikweni, chifukwa cha ana ochepa.

Nthawi ya moyo ya anthuwa imatha kukhala yayitali komanso yazaka 20 mpaka 25, koma izi ndizotheka mu ukapolo, mosamala komanso ndi chakudya choyenera. M'dera lawo lachilengedwe, chifukwa cha kuwukira kosalekeza kwa nyama zolusa ndi nyama zopanda nyama, nyama zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 10.

Adani achilengedwe a babirus

Chithunzi: Nkhumba babirusa

Babiruss achikulire ali ndi kumva kwabwino komanso kukongola, komwe kumawathandiza kuti athawe chilichonse chowopseza, koma monga nyama zambiri, babirus ili ndi adani ake. Adani achilengedwe amaphatikizapo pafupifupi nyama zonse zomwe zimakhala mdera linalake. Nthawi zambiri, kulimbana pakati pa mphalapala nkhumba kumatha kuchitika ndi kambuku, ndipo nthumwi zina za banja la mphalapala, popeza kwa odyera akuluakulu oterewa, palibe chokoma kuposa nyama yokometsera ya babirus.

Ng'ona ilinso yowopsa kwa nyama iliyonse, makamaka kwa babirus. Kukhala m'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ali ndi chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa chake ng'ona zimagwira nyama iliyonse yomwe imayandikira madzi. Popeza kukula kwakanthawi kochepa komanso khungu loyera la babirus, imakhala mphepo yosavuta kwa chimphona chotere. Kwa anthu ang'onoang'ono ndi achichepere, mimbulu imabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu, chomwe chitha kuwukira, pamtunda komanso m'madzi. Mwa kulira ndi kufinya nyama yake, nsato imatha kumeza wamkulu wokwanira.

Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri a zoo, ma babirussians amakhala m'malo omwe nyama zazikulu zolusa kulibe. Mdani wamkulu wa mitunduyo amakhalabe munthu, akumalanda nyama malo awo achilengedwe, ndikupha nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuwononga zolinga zawo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Babirusy

Chifukwa chodula mitengo nthawi zonse komanso umbanda, kuyambira zaka za m'ma 90, anthu agwa kwambiri ndipo akuchepa tsiku lililonse. Ngakhale zoletsedwa zonse, anthu am'deralo akupitilizabe kusaka nyama zosowa izi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda pake zosaka, kuwayendetsa mumisampha mothandizidwa ndi agalu, nyama zowopsa ndikuzipha mwankhanza. Nyama ya Babirus ndiyofunika chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso kapangidwe kake kazakudya. Ndipo mano a chinyama amakhala ngati maziko amitundu yonse yazopangira ndi zokumbutsa.

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha babirus:

• kuwongolera kosakwanira pazowononga;
• kuchuluka kwa anthu pachilumbachi;
• kudula mitengo mwachisawawa.

Chifukwa cha ziwerengero zosalimbikitsa izi, pakadali pano pali mitu pafupifupi 4 zikwi za nyama. Pali mapulogalamu ambiri obereketsa padziko lonse lapansi kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa nkhumba zoweta zomwe zili ndikundende ndikupewa kutheratu kwawo. M'malo ambiri osungira nyama ndizotheka osati kokha kusamalira bwino, komanso kubereka ana omwe ali kale mu ukapolo. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, ana oyamba kumangidwa adabadwira ku Paris mu 1884. Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1990, ma babrussia anali atakhala m'malo osungira nyama pafupifupi 30 padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amakhala ndi moyo zaka 20. Kuchokera pamenepo titha kunena kuti chinyama chimagwirizana ndi anthu ndipo chimakhala chomasuka mukamangidwa.

Alonda babiruss

Chithunzi: Babirussa wochokera ku Red Book

Babirussa ndi nyama zakale kwambiri, zomwe zimafera msanga, zolembedwa mu Red Book. Kuwongolera anthu kumatengedwa motetezedwa ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akuyesera kuchita zinthu zingapo zachilengedwe zothandiza kupulumutsa mitundu iyi.

Gawo lapadera linayikidwa pambali, lomwe likuyang'aniridwa ndi boma, komabe, chifukwa chakupezeka kwa malowa komanso kusowa kwa ndalama, ndizovuta kwambiri kuthandizira ntchito ngati izi. Ngakhale zoyesayesa ndi chitetezo chonse kuchokera ku boma la Indonesia komanso kuwongolera mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, kupha kosavomerezeka ndi kuwedza nyama kukupitilizabe.

Ngati, posachedwapa, madera a mapaki sakhala olamulidwa ndi kutetezedwa kwa anthu opha nyama mosavomerezeka, ndikupereka zinthu zabwino pamoyo wa nyama zapaderazi, pasanathe zaka khumi, mtundu uwu ukhoza kutha kuzilumba zonse zokhalamo.

Babirussa - imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri zomwe zapulumuka mpaka nthawi yathu ino, ndiwofatsa, kudzipereka kubanja lawo komanso kwa anthu omwe amaweta mababir moyo wawo wonse mu ukapolo. Komabe, ndichifukwa cha anthu kuti pali chiopsezo chachikulu chakusowa kwawo kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, zimatengera tokha komanso ubale wathu ndi chilengedwe. Nyamayi nthawi zonse imakopeka ndi chidwi chake, wina amawasilira, kutchula m'mabuku ndi nkhani zawo, monganso Jules Verne, mu buku lake "Makumi Awiri Makumi Pansi pa Nyanja", ndipo wina amasaka phindu kapena chikho chokha.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 13.07.2019

Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 nthawi ya 22:30