Mvuu ya Pygmy - nyama yomwe idapezeka posachedwa (mu 1911). Malongosoledwe ake oyamba (ndi mafupa ndi chigaza) adapangidwa kale m'ma 1850. Katswiri wa zinyama Hans Schombour amadziwika kuti ndiye anayambitsa mtundu uwu. Maina owonjezerapo a munthuyo ndi mvuu ya pygmy ndi mvuu yaku Liberiya (English Pygmy hippopotamus, Latin Choeropsis liberiensis).
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: mvuu ya pygmy
Mvuu ya pygmy ndi ya banja la oimira mvuu zoyamwitsa. Poyamba anali m'gulu la mvuu. Patapita kanthawi, gulu lina la mtundu wina lidapangidwa kwa iye, lotchedwa Choeropsis. Ngakhale panali zoyesayesa zochuluka zofananitsa pakati pa mvuu za pygmy ndi anthu ena a kalasiyi, gulu lina lachiweto ichi silinachotsedwe. Imagwira mpaka pano. Izi ndichifukwa chapadera cha nthumwi za mvuu, mawonekedwe apadera a mawonekedwe awo, momwe amakhalira komanso malo (omwe akambirana pansipa).
Video: Mvuu ya Pygmy
"Achibale" akulu a mvuu ya pygmy ndi awa:
- Mvuu ya Madagascar pygmy. Mbadwa za mvuu wamba. Kukula pang'ono kwa oyimira awa kumalumikizidwa ndikudzipatula kwa malo awo okhala ndi kuchepa kwanthawi yayitali;
- mvuu ya ku Nigeria. Makolo a nyama izi analinso mvuu zofala. Anthu aku Nigeria amakhala ku Niger Delta yochepa.
Nyama zonse ziwirizi sizinapulumuke zokhazokha ndipo zinatha m'mbiri. Oyimira omaliza ku Nigeria adalembedwa koyambirira kwa zaka za 20th. Madagascars adawonongedwa zaka zoposa chikwi zapitazo.
Chosangalatsa: Banja la mvuu limaphatikizapo magulu awiri okha a mvuu: wamba ndi pygmy. Oimira onse amakono amtunduwu amapezeka ku Africa kokha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Madagascar pygmy mvuu
Kale kuchokera pa dzina la munthuyo, munthu angaganize kuti kukula kwake ndikocheperako kuposa kukula kwa mvuu wamba. Ichi ndiye chofunikira kwambiri kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe a oimira gulu lanyengo. Potengera kapangidwe ka thupi, anthu am magulu onse a mvuu ndi ofanana.
Mukamajambula chithunzi cha mvuu ya Pygmy, khulupirirani izi:
- msana wozungulira. Mosiyana ndi mvuu wamba, mvuu za pygmy zili ndi mawonekedwe osasintha a msana. Kumbuyo kumakhota kutsogolo, komwe kumalola kuti nyama zizitha kuyamwa mbewu zomwe sizikukula bwino kwambiri;
- miyendo ndi khosi. Ziwalo za thupi zomwe zimayimira zazitali ndizitali pang'ono (poyerekeza ndi mvuu wamba);
- mutu. Chigaza cha oimira "ochepetsedwa" ndichaching'ono kuposa chija cha anzawo wamba. Pankhaniyi, maso ndi mphuno zimayang'ana kutsogolo osati mochulukira. Zojambula ziwiri zokha zimawonetsedwa pakamwa;
- miyeso. Mvuu wamba zimatha kulemera mpaka matani angapo. Kulemera kwabwino kwa nthumwi yayikulu ndi pafupifupi 300 kg. Kutalika kwa nyama yotereyi kumakhala pakati pa 70 mpaka 80 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 160;
- chikopa. Mtundu wa mvuu ya Pygmy imatha kukhala yobiriwira (kuphatikiza yakuda) kapena bulauni. Malo am'mimba ndi opepuka. Khungu ndilolimba. Thukuta lotuluka limaperekedwa mumtambo wowala wa pinki.
Poyerekeza ndi mvuu zodziwika bwino kwa okonda ziweto, mvuu zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati mtundu waung'ono. Koma, mwatsoka, oimira omwe achepetsedwawa ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi anzawo achikulire potengera zaka zamoyo. Kutchire, mvuu zazing'ono zimangokhala zaka 35 zokha (kumalo osungira nyama, moyo wawo ndiwotalikirapo).
Kodi mvuu ya pygmy imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mvuu ya Pygmy ku Africa
Malo achilengedwe a mvuu za pygmy ndi mayiko aku Africa.
Mtundu waukulu wa artiodactyls iyi imagwera pa:
- Sudan (dziko lomwe limadutsa Egypt, Libya, Chad, ndi zina zambiri, ndikusambitsidwa ndi madzi a Nyanja Yofiira kumpoto chakum'mawa);
- Congo (dziko lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic ndipo limadutsa Cameroon, Angola, Gabon, ndi zina);
- Liberia (boma lokhala ndi mwayi wopita kunyanja ya Atlantic komanso malire ndi Sierra Leone, Guinea ndi Cote d'Ivoire).
Mvuu za Pygmy zimakonda kukhala m'malo obiriwira. Chofunikira kwambiri m'malo awo ndi madzi. Artiodactyls awa ndi nyama zamanyazi. Pachifukwa ichi, amasankha malo opanda phokoso, komwe amakhala nthawi yawo modekha osakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani. Nthawi zambiri, mvuu za pygmy zimasankha madambo ang'onoang'ono kapena mitsinje yodzaza pang'onopang'ono ngati malo okhala. Mvuu zimakhala moyo wopanda madzi. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'mabowo omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi dziwe.
Chosangalatsa: Mvuu za Pygmy sizipanga malo awoawo. Amangomaliza "kumanga" nyama zina (zomwe zimatha kukumba pansi), kukulitsa maenje awo kuti agwirizane ndi kukula kwawo.
Oimira mvuu salola kutentha kwakukulu. Ndikosatheka kukumana nawo pabwalo pomwe mulibe mosungira. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhala m'malo osungidwa ndi boma komanso zotetezedwa m'mapaki.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mvuu ya pygmy imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi mvuu ya pygmy imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Pygmy mvuu ya mvuu yochokera ku Red Book
Mvuu za Pygmy ndizinyama zosadya bwino. Mbali yawo yapadera ndi mimba yazipinda zinayi. Amadya udzu wosamera kwenikweni (ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa zonyenga zabodza.) "Kusaka" kwazomera kumayamba ndikubwera kucha ndi m'mawa. Itatuluka mu mphanga wake, nyama imapita ku "msipu" wapafupi ndikudyetsa komweko kwa maola atatu (m'mawa ndi madzulo).
Anthu wamba amadya pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono. Amadya udzu patsiku, womwe unyinji wake umafanana ndi 1-2% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa nyama (osapitilira 5 kg). Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale "chotupitsa" chotere ndichokwanira mvuu kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira. Mwina ichi ndi chifukwa kagayidwe wabwino nyama.
Nthawi zambiri, anthu amtunduwu wa mvuu amadya zomera zam'madzi komanso mizu yofewa. Nyama zimakonda kudya masamba amtchire, komanso zipatso zake. Amalolera kuthyola zitsamba zonse zomwe angafikire.
Chosangalatsa: Kuti mupeze chipatso chokoma kapena tsamba kuchokera pachitsamba / mtengo wawung'ono, mvuu za pygmy zimatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Nthawi yomweyo, kutsogolo kumakankhira nthambi yomwe amafunayo pansi.
Oyimira mvuu samatafuna masamba omwe agwera mkamwa. Sagwiritsa ntchito mano awo. Ngakhale pokoka mbewu pansi, amagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo. Chakudya chambiri chimatsikira pakhosi atachiphwanya ndi milomo ya nyama.
Mosiyana ndi anzawo wamba, omwe samanyoza kudya nyama zakufa ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zikufa, anthu wamba amadya okha chakudya chodyera (nthawi iliyonse pachaka). Izi ndichifukwa choti pamchere mwawo mulibe mchere komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mvuu ya mwana wa pygmy
Mvuu za Pygmy nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha. Nyama sizimagwirizana m'magulu kuti zipulumuke (monga abale awo akulu akulu). Mutha kuwazindikira awiriawiri pokhapokha m'nyengo yoswana. Nthawi yomweyo, mvuu zimagwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani posonyeza komwe kuli. Zizindikiro zowonongera zimawathandiza kulumikizana za kubereka.
Mvuu za Pygmy sizimangokhala zokha komanso nyama zachete. Amakonda kukuwa mwakachetechete, kukuwa ndi kuyimba. Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatha ndikung'ung'udza. Palibe mawu ena amawu omwe adadziwika.
Onse oimira akazi ndi abambo amtundu wamtunduwu amakonda kukhala pansi. Nthawi zambiri (makamaka masana), amagona m'malo ocheperako pafupi ndi matupi amadzi kapena malo ozungulira. Nyama zotere sizingachite popanda madzi. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe apakhungu lawo, omwe amafunikira kusamba nthawi zonse. Mvuu zimadya chakudya mumdima (kutuluka / kulowa kwa dzuwa).
Kafukufuku wa asayansi awonetsa kuti mwamuna wamwamuna wachichepere amafunikira pafupifupi 2 mita mita yakumtunda. Gawo lakelake limalola kuti nyama zizimva kuti ndi zotetezeka. Akazi safuna zambiri pankhaniyi. Amangofunika 0,5 mita mita yokha yawo. Oyimira onse amgululi samakonda kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Amasintha "nyumba" zawo kawiri pa sabata.
Zimakhala zovuta kukumana ndi mvuu za pygmy m'malo awo achilengedwe. Oimira amtunduwu ndi amanyazi ndipo samakonda kubwera masana. Komabe, pali zochitika zodziwika bwino zakupezeka kwa nyamazi m'malo olima. Koma ngakhale pano, mvuu inkayesetsa mwakhama kukumana ndi anthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: mvuu ya pygmy
Palibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa akazi ndi amuna a mvuu zazing'ono. Kukula msinkhu kwa anthu amtundu wamtambo kumachitika mchaka cha 3-4 cha moyo. Nthawi yakukhwima imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Chofunikira ndi maestrus achikazi. Zimakhala masiku angapo. Munthawi imeneyi, mayi woyembekezera atha kuthiridwa ubwamuna kangapo. Popeza kuti njira yoswelera idangophunziridwa kokha ali mu ukapolo (ndizosatheka kuwona zodabwitsazi m'chilengedwe), kukhazikitsidwa kwaukwati umodzi kudakhazikitsidwa.
Mvuu yachikazi imabereka mwana wake kuyambira masiku 180 mpaka 210. Khalidwe la mayi woyembekezera asanabadwe mwachangu ndilovuta. Amasamala nyama zonse zomuzungulira, potero amateteza thanzi la mwana wosabadwa. Chitetezo chimapitilirabe ngakhale "mwana" atabadwa. Mvuu zazing'ono zimawerengedwa kuti zimadya nyama zolusa mosavuta. Sasinthidwa kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndipo ali pachiwopsezo chambiri. Chifukwa chake, mayiyo amayesetsa m'njira zonse zoteteza mwana wake ndikumusiya kawirikawiri (kungopeza chakudya).
Nthawi zambiri, mvuu imodzi yokha imabadwa. Koma pakhala pali zochitika zolembedwa (ngakhale zochepa) zamapasa. Mwana wakhanda amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 5-7. Nyama zomwe zidabadwa zakula kale. Poyamba, samangoyenda ndipo ali pamalo obadwira. Amayi nthawi ndi nthawi amawasiya kuti akapeze chakudya. Mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, amadya mkaka wokha. Pambuyo pake, nthawi yamapangidwe awo imayamba m'chilengedwe - kholo limaphunzitsa mwana kudya udzu ndi masamba a tchire laling'ono.
Mvuu zazikazi zimatha kuberekera m'madzi komanso pamtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, ana ambiri obadwa m'madzi amatha ndikamira kwa mwana. Nyama zakonzeka kutenga mimba yatsopano pakadutsa miyezi 7-9 mwana atabadwa. Kuphunzira za kuswana kwa mvuu kunachitika kokha mu ukapolo. Asayansi amalephera kuzindikira momwe nyama zilili m'malo awo achilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchepa kwawo komanso komwe amapezeka.
Adani achilengedwe a mvuu za pygmy
Chithunzi: Pygmy mvuu m'chilengedwe
M'chilengedwe chawo, mvuu za pygmy zimakhala ndi adani angapo nthawi imodzi:
- Ng'ona ndizoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndiwo gulu la zokwawa. Amasaka nthawi iliyonse patsiku. Zowopsa kwambiri kwa oimira mvuu omwe amakonda kugona pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Amatha kutenga mvuu ngati nyama, nthawi zambiri kuposa iwo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ng'ona sizitafuna nyama yomwe yaphedwa (chifukwa chakapangidwe kakang'ono ka mano awo, sangathe kuchita izi). Zokwawa zazikulu zimang'amba nyama yophedwayo ndipo zimameza kwathunthu zidutswa za thupi lake. Ng'ona zimasankha mvuu makamaka zofooka ndikuzinyamula. Anthu obadwa kumene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu;
- akambuku ndiwo nyama yoopsa kwambiri ya nyama zoyamwitsa zochokera ku fining. Amasaka mvuu makamaka payokha. Kambuku amatha kudikirira munthu amene wabisalira kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukumana ndi nyama yotere ya anthu a mvuwu pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumatha mwachisoni. Kuphatikiza pa kusaka pawokha, amphaka nthawi zambiri amatenga nyama kuchokera kuzilombo zina zomwe zakhudzidwa kale. Kuopsa kwa kambuku kukapha mvuu ya mvuu kumawonjezeka mumdima - nyama zikatuluka kukafunafuna chakudya;
- Masamba a hieroglyphic ndi njoka zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zopanda poizoni zochokera ku nsato zenizeni. Anthu oterewa amasaka makamaka usiku. Amayenda mwakachetechete pamadzi ndi pamtunda, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azizembera wovulalayo mosazindikira. Mimbulu imakhudza mvuu zosaposa 30 kg. Pambuyo pakhama, njokayo imayamba kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono. Akadya chakudya chotere, nsatoyo imatha kudya kwa milungu ingapo.
M'mbuyomu, anthu omwe amachita usodzi wosalamulirika amawerengedwa kuti ndi mdani wamkulu wa mvuu za pygmy. Nyama zimenezi zinali zofunika kwambiri pamsika wakuda ndipo zinagulidwa pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Masiku ano, zochitika ngati izi zatha. Anthu a m'gulu limeneli la mvuu amayang'aniridwa mwapadera.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Pygmy hippopotamus in Liberia
Chifukwa chodula mitengo mwachangu komanso zochita zosaloledwa za nzika zaku Africa (kupha ndi kugulitsa nyama), mvuu zazing'ono zili pafupi kutha. Ana obadwa m'malo awo achilengedwe samakhala ndi zaka zambiri.
Pali zifukwa ziwiri izi:
- kuwonongeka kwa moyo. Kukhazikika kosatha kwa madera atsopano ndi anthu kumafuna kudula mitengo mwachangu ndi kubzala msipu wachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, madamu amauma. Zotsatira zake, mvuu zimasowa malo abwinobwino amoyo wawo wonse. Sangapeze chakudya chokwanira (chifukwa sangathe kuyenda maulendo ataliatali) ndi malo obisalapo abwino. Zotsatira zake - kufa kwa nyama.
- kupha nyama. Kulamulira mwamphamvu anthu amphongo sikumavutitsa anthu ozunza nyama ku Africa. Ndi m'manja mwawo momwe nyama zambiri padziko lapansi zimamwalira. Izi ndizofala makamaka kumadera komwe chitetezo cha mitundu sichinakhazikitsidwe. Kupha nyama kumafotokozedwa ndi khungu lawo lamphamvu komanso nyama yokoma.
Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, mvuu zakhala zikutumizidwa ku gulu la ziweto kwanthawi yayitali. Amatha kugulidwa momasuka pamadola zikwi zingapo ndipo "amaphunzira" pawokha, kudabwitsa mlendo aliyense wokhala ndi nyumba yachilendo.
Kuteteza mvuu za pygmy
Chithunzi: Pygmy mvuu ya mvuu yochokera ku Red Book
Chiwerengero cha nyama mgululi chikuchepa mwachangu. M'zaka 10 zapitazi, mvuu za ma pygmy zatsika ndi 15-20%. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha oimira mvuu zaku pygmy m'zaka zapitazi zafika chikwi (poyerekeza, m'zaka za zana la XX panali oimira 3,000 a kalasi iyi).
Chosangalatsa: Mvuu za Pygmy zomwe zikuthawa mdani yemwe sangathawireko sizimathawira m'madzi (ngakhale kuti malowa akuwoneka kuti ndi otetezeka mokwanira). Nyama zimakonda kubisala m'nkhalango.
Nyama za mtundu wamtunduwu, mwatsoka, ndi amtundu wokhala pangozi. Ndicho chifukwa chake mikhalidwe yapadera idakonzedwera iwo m'malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe.Nthawi yomweyo, moyo wa nyama pamalo opangidwa mwaluso (ukapolo) ndiwabwino kwambiri komanso wapamwamba kwambiri (nyama zitha kukhala zaka 40-45).
Mvuu ya Pygmy - chilengedwe chapadera, chomwe, mwatsoka, chaka chilichonse pamakhala zochepa. Mtundu uwu wa mvuu umatchulidwa mu Red Book womwe umatchedwa "Mitundu Yowopsa". Ntchito yogwira ili mkati kuti ibwezeretse anthu, koma kupita patsogolo kuli pang'onopang'ono. Oimira kuteteza nyama zakutchire chaka chilichonse amapanga mapulogalamu atsopano otetezera anthu. Tikukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa mvuu za pygmy kungokula pakapita nthawi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/10/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 ku 21:12
