Partridge wakuda - mbalame yaying'ono yakutchire, yofanana kukula kwa nkhuku zoweta wamba. Ili ndi utoto wonyezimira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawanga owoneka bwino ndi mtundu wosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri yamtundu wa partridges, womwe uli ndi malo okhala. Nkhuku zakutchire, monga zimatchulidwira nthawi zambiri, zimakhala ndi nyama yathanzi komanso yokoma, chifukwa chake amakonda kusaka osati anthu okha, komanso nyama zambiri zamtchire ndi mbalame.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gray partridge
Partridge imvi imakhala ku Eurasia konse ndipo idabweretsedwanso ku America, komwe idakhazikika bwino. Pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mbalameyi, iliyonse yomwe imasiyana ndimitundu, kukula kwake, komanso kuthekera kwake kubereka. Malinga ndi asayansi, kholowe imvi adachokera ku mitundu ina ya mbalame zamakedzana. Ngakhale a Neanderthal adasaka iwo, monga umboni wa zofukula zambiri ndi kafukufuku wowzama. Monga mtundu wodziyimira pawokha, Partridge imvi idadzipatula zaka makumi mamiliyoni angapo zapitazo kudera la Northern Mongolia, Transbaikalia, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo sinasinthe.
Kanema: Partridge wakuda
Partridge imvi ndi ya banja la pheasant, dongosolo la nkhuku. Simakhala pamitengo kawirikawiri ndipo motero imadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yapamtunda. Ngakhale pali anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kudya nawo, mphamvu zakuthambo pakupulumuka kwa ana, nyengo yozizira yopanda kuwuluka kupita kumadera otentha, anthu ake amakhalabe ochulukirapo ndipo amachira msanga nyengo yovuta.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi sichinapulumutse mbalame imvi, yosawonekayi. Nthano za ku Girisi wakale zimafotokoza zakusavomerezeka kwa wopanga mapulani wonyada Daedalus, pomwe adaponya wophunzira wake kuphompho. Koma Athena adasandutsa mnyamatayo khola lofiirira ndipo sanagwe. Malinga ndi nthano, ndichifukwa chake magawo osakonda kuwuluka mokwera, amakonda kukhala moyo wawo wonse pansi.
Polimbana ndi adani ake, ali ndi zida ziwiri zokha: mtundu wosiyanasiyana, womwe umakupatsani mwayi kuti musochere m'masamba ndi kutha kuthamanga mwachangu, pokhapokha pakagwa mwadzidzidzi khola la imvi limayesa kuthawa mdani. Pokumbukira kukoma kwake komanso thanzi la nyama yake, kudzichepetsa, mbalameyi imakulira bwino mu ukapolo, koma ndi chakudya chapadera.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame yakuda
Partridge imvi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake osakumbukika, omwe ndiosavuta kuzindikira:
- kukula kwakung'ono kwa thupi kuyambira 28 mpaka 31 cm, mapiko otalika masentimita 45-48 masentimita, kulemera kwa magalamu 300 mpaka 450;
- Amadziwika ndi mimba yoyera yaimvi yoyera yokhala ndi malo owoneka bwino ngati nsapato za akavalo, mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mulomo wakuda, msana wopota bwino wokhala ndi zotumphukira zofiirira;
- miyendo yamtundu uwu ndi yakuda bulauni, khosi ndi mutu ndizowala, pafupifupi lalanje. Nthenga za akazi sizikhala zokongola ngati za amuna ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono;
- achichepere amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi kusiyanasiyana kotenga mbali za thupi, zomwe zimasowa mbalameyo ikamakula.
Ntchito yayikulu yamtundu wosiyanasiyana ndikubisa. Mbalame zimatuluka chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimayambira koyambirira ndi nthenga zazikulu, kenako zimadutsa kwa ena ndipo zimathera kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa nthenga ndi kusungunuka kwanthawi zonse, ma partridge amatha kukhala ngakhale chisanu ndi chisanu chofewa. Ambiri mwa anthu onse okhala m'chilengedwe samapanga maulendo apachaka opita kumadera otentha, koma amakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira komwe amakhala. Pofunafuna chakudya, amakumba mabowo mu chisanu mpaka 50 mita m'litali, makamaka munthawi yozizira yomwe amasonkhana mmagulu onse, kutenthetsana.
Kodi partridge imvi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Partridge ofrey in Russia
Katundu wamtundu wabuluu amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse kumadera akumwera ndi pakati pa Russia, Altai, Siberia, m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, kuphatikiza Germany, Great Britain, Canada ndi North America, ndi Western Asia. Malo okhala achilengedwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi zigawo zakumwera kwa Western Siberia, Kazakhstan.
Malo omwe amakonda:
- nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango, m'mbali mwa nkhalango;
- madambo okhala ndi udzu wandiweyani, wamtali, malo otseguka okhala ndi zilumba zazitsamba, zigwa;
- nthawi zina, Partridge imvi imakhazikika m'malo amvula, koma imasankha zilumba zowuma zokhala ndi masamba owirira.
Pazinthu zabwino kwambiri, amafunikira malo ndi kupezeka kwa zitsamba zambiri, udzu wamtali, komwe mutha kubisala, kumanga chisa, komanso kupeza chakudya. Nthawi zambiri Partridge amakhala pafupi ndi minda yomwe ili ndi mbewu za oats, buckwheat, mapira. Imathandiza ulimi potenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso tambirimbiri tomwe timasokoneza mbewu.
Chosangalatsa: Posankha malo okhala, magalasi akuda samachokamo. Apa, m'miyoyo yawo yonse, amamanga zisa, amalera ana, amadyetsa, nawonso anapiye omwe akukhala amakhalanso m'gawo lomweli.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe khungwa la imvi limakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi partridge imvi imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Grey partridge m'chilengedwe
Akuluakulu a mitunduyi amadyera makamaka pazakudya zamasamba: udzu, mbewu zamasamba, zipatso, nthawi zina zimawonjezera chakudya ndi gawo laling'ono la chakudya chanyama. Ana omwe akukula amadyetsedwa kokha ndi tizilombo, nyongolotsi, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana ndi akangaude, akamakula, pang'onopang'ono amasinthana ndi zakudya za achikulire.
Zakudya zonse za mbalame zimapezeka pansi pokha. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudyacho chimakhala chosowa kwambiri, magawo amafunikira kuti azing'amba chisanu ndimatumba awo olimba kuti akafike kuudzu wamtchire ndi mbewu zake. Mwa izi nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi mabowo a kalulu. Nthawi zina amatha kudyetsa minda yaulimi ndi tirigu wachisanu, bola ngati chisanu sichikhala chachikulu.
M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, yomwe imakonda kuchitika mvula ikagwa mvula ndi nthawi yophukira ndi kukolola kochepa, imakonda kuyandikira malo omwe anthu amakhala, kuwuluka kupita kumalo omwetsera ziweto kufunafuna nkhokwe za udzu komwe mungapeze mbewu zaulimi mosavuta. M'chaka, makamaka magawo okhathamira a zomera zosakaniza ndi tizilombo amadyedwa. Anthuwa amachira msanga nyengo yachisanu itatha ndipo ali okonzeka kutulutsa anapiye kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito chakudya cha nkhuku pafupipafupi pakukula kwamtundu wa imvi. Ndikofunika kuti mubweretse pafupi kwambiri ndi zakudya zachilengedwe, apo ayi kufa, kukana kuyikira mazira ndi kusakaniza ana ndikotheka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Magawo akuda
Partridge imvi amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yapamtunda. Amatha kuthamanga mwachangu ndikuyendetsa mwaluso muudzu, pakati pa mitengo ndi tchire. Imanyamuka makamaka pakakhala ngozi yayikulu ndipo nthawi yomweyo imawombera mapiko ake mokweza kwambiri, imawuluka patali pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka, kenako nkugweranso, ikusocheretsa chilombocho. Nthawi zina imatha kuwuluka mtunda wawufupi kukafunafuna chakudya ndipo nthawi yomweyo sidutsa malire am'deralo, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti siyitha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali - ilinso m'manja mwake.
Pakuthamanga, nkhuku yakutchire imakhala yowongoka, ikukweza mutu wake m'mwamba, ndipo pakuyenda bwino imayenda mozungulirazungulira, ndikuyang'ana uku ndi uku mwamantha. Iyi ndi mbalame yamanyazi komanso yamtendere, simungamve mawu ake. Ngati pamasewera olowerera kapena pakuwukira mosayembekezereka, akamapanga phokoso lofanana kwambiri ndi lake.
Masana, kudyetsa kumangotenga maola awiri okha ku mapangidwe, nthawi yonse yomwe amabisala m'nkhalango, kutsuka nthenga zawo ndikusamalira ma rustle onse. Maola achangu kwambiri amagwa m'mawa ndi madzulo, usiku ndi nthawi yopuma.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kuchokera kumadera omwe amakhala achisanu makamaka, nthawi yozizira ikayamba, magawo otuwa amapita kumwera, popeza ndizosatheka kupita pachakudyacho chipale chofewa. M'madera ena, nkhuku zakutchire zimangokhala mopitilira muyeso ndipo nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo zimangoyendetsa ndege zosawerengeka pamtunda wawutali kufunafuna chakudya.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame yakuda
Mtundu uwu wa partridge ndimwamuna m'modzi. Maanja pakati pa nkhuku zanyama nthawi zambiri amakhalabe moyo wawo wonse. Makolo onse awiri nawonso amatenga nawo mbali kudyetsa ndi kuteteza ana. Nkhuku zakutchire zimaikira mazira kamodzi pachaka kumayambiliro a Meyi kuyambira mazira 15 mpaka 25 nthawi imodzi. Zisa za Partridge zimamangidwa pansi pomwe, ndikuzibisa mu udzu, pansi pa tchire ndi mitengo. Pakusakaniza, komwe kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 23, yaikazi nthawi zina imangosiya zowalamulira kuti ipeze chakudya; nthawi yomwe imakhalapo, yamphongo imakhala pafupi ndi chisa ndipo imazindikira nyengo.
Wodya nyama kapena zoopsa zina zikawonekera, onse amayesa kupatutsa chidwi chawo chonse, pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa zowalamulira, kenako, popanda chowopseza, amabwerera. Amuna nthawi zambiri amafa panthawiyi, kudzipereka kuti ateteze anapiye awo. Ngakhale kukula kwa mbeuyo, makamaka zaka zamvula, ana onse amatha kufa nthawi imodzi, popeza zisa zili pansi. Ana amaswa pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndipo amakhala okonzeka kutsatira makolo awo nthawi zonse mpaka mtunda wopitilira mazana angapo mita. Anapiye ali ndi nthenga kale, amawona komanso kumva bwino, ndipo amaphunzira msanga.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Sabata imodzi atabadwa, anapiye a partridge imvi amatha kunyamuka kale, ndipo pakatha milungu ingapo ali okonzeka kuyenda maulendo ataliatali ndi makolo awo.
Magulu akuda ndi mbalame zomwe zimalumikizana nthawi zonse. M'madera akumwera, amakhala m'magulu a anthu 25-30, zigawo zakumpoto, ziweto zawo zili ndi theka la mbalame zambiri. Ngati m'modzi wa makolo amwalira, wachiwiri amasamaliranso mwanayo; ngati awiri amwalira, anapiyewo amakhala m'manja mwa mabanja ena am'magulu okhala pafupi. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu ogwirizana ndipo zimakhala pafupi ndi mapanga ang'onoang'ono a chipale chofewa, chifukwa ndizosavuta kutenthetsa limodzi, ndipo ndikayamba kugwedezeka, zimabalalikiranso m'malo awo obisika.
Adani achilengedwe amtundu wa imvi
Chithunzi: Magawo awiri otuwa
Magawo akuda ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe:
- mphanga, gyrfalcons, kadzidzi ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, ngakhale makungubwi amatha kusaka nkhwawa zokula;
- ferrets, nkhandwe, nkhandwe zakum'mwera ndi anthu ena ambiri okhala m'nkhalango ndi minda.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa adani, Partridge wosowa amakhala ndi zaka 4, ngakhale anthu ambiri atha kukhala zaka khumi pansi pazabwino. Alibe chilichonse chodzitetezera kwa adani, kupatula mitundu yake yobisa. Partridge imvi amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yosavuta kudya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimasamalira komanso kuteteza ana awo mwanjira imeneyi. Chifukwa chokwanira kubereka kwambiri komanso kusintha kwa anapiye mwachangu, kuchuluka kwa nkhuku zamtchire sikuli pachiwopsezo.
Kuphatikiza pa adani achilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo muulimi kumabweretsanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu okhala ndi magawo aimvi. Ngati gululo likukhala pafupi ndi komwe amakhala, ndiye kuti amphaka ndi agalu amatha kuzichezera kuti zikapindule ndi achinyamata. Mphaka, njoka zimathyola zisa mosavuta ndikusangalala ndi mazira. Makamaka chisanu ndi chipale chofewa ndichonso chifukwa chakufa kwa magawo ambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, amafooka kwambiri chifukwa chakusakwanira kwa chakudya ndipo amakhala nyama yolusa ya adani.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Gray partridge m'nyengo yozizira
Partridge imvi pakadali pano si ili mu Red Book of Russia, mosiyana ndi msuweni wake, mbewa yoyera, yomwe ikuwopsezedwa kuti ithe. Udindo wa mitunduyi ndiwokhazikika chifukwa chakubala kwambiri komanso kupulumuka kwa mwanayo.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, zaka mazana angapo zapita, anthu ake ayamba kuchepa paliponse, ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira minda. Kuphatikiza apo, mizinda yomwe ikukula mwachangu imakhala m'malo okhala ndi zotupa za imvi, ngakhale agalu wamba wamba amakhala chiopsezo kwa ana awo. Mwachitsanzo, masiku ano kudera la Leningrad kulibe anthu opitilira chikwi, m'chigawo cha Moscow kupitirira pang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, partridge imvi ili mu Red Book ya maderawa ndi enanso angapo mkatikati mwa dzikolo.
Oyang'anira mbalame amasunga kuchuluka kwa ma partridge potulutsa pafupipafupi anthu omwe adaleredwa kale m'makola mwawo. M'mikhalidwe yochita kupanga, amakhala omasuka ndipo kenako, mwachilengedwe, amayamba mizu, amapatsa ana. Zonenerazo ndizabwino, malinga ndi akatswiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumatha kubwezeretsedwanso kulikonse ndipo kutha kwathunthu kwa Partridge imvi sikukuwopsezedwa - chilengedwe chokha chimasamalira mtundu uwu, ndikuupatsa chiwongola dzanja chachikulu.
Partridge wakuda, ngakhale kuti ndi mbalame yakutchire, yakhala ikuyandikira anthu kwa zaka masauzande ambiri. Anali chikho chosiririka kwa alenje akale, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo palibe chomwe chasintha - chimasakidwanso, nyama yake imawerengedwa kuti ndi yokoma komanso yopatsa thanzi. Amawongoleranso mosavuta, amakula m'makola ampweya.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/10/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 ku 21:14
