Nkhanu zothwanima wodziwika kwa anthu wamba ngati gwero la nyama yokoma komanso yathanzi. Koma mamembala amtundu wa crayfish siosavuta komanso amaphunzira momwe angawonekere. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe sanadziwe kuti nkhanuzi zimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji m'malo awo achilengedwe. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake nsomba zazinkhanira ndizosangalatsa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Langoust
Ma Langoustes ndi nsomba zam'madzi zotchedwa decapod crayfish zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 140 yamoyo, komanso mitundu 72 yazakale. Chodziwika bwino cha khansa iyi ndikuti kapangidwe kake ka mitima yawo ndiwofanana - maselowo alibe mtima ndipo alibe malire pakati pawo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, kagayidwe kamene kamakhala m'thupi la nkhanu ndi nkhanu zazikuluzikulu zimathamangitsidwa kangapo poyerekeza ndi nkhanu zomwe zili ndi mtima wosiyana.
Kanema: Langoust
Mkati mwa ma decapod crustaceans amakhalanso ndi mtundu wawo, womwe umawagawa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ka minyewa ndi miyendo, komanso momwe mphutsi za nkhanu zotere zimakhalira.
Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la nsomba zazinkhanira za decapod lagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- dendrobranchiata - izi zikuphatikiza pafupifupi shrimp zonse;
- pleocyemata - ma crustaceans ena onse ndi banja la nkhanu zowona. Makamaka nthumwi za gawo lino zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kulephera kwawo kapena kusowa kwawo kusambira - amayenda pansi.
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zazinkhanira za decapod ndizomwe zimawedza chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo komanso thanzi lawo. Koma nkhanu zoterezi nawonso ndi m'modzi mwa oimira nyama zakale padziko lapansi: chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso moyo wawo wachinsinsi, zasungidwa pafupifupi kuyambira kalekale.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya nkhanu zomwe ndi zofunika kuchita ndi izi:
- nkhanu za singano (Breton red lobster);
- Nkhanu zaku Pacific.
Mutha kusiyanitsa khansa ya decapod ndi kuchuluka kwa miyendo. Mwambiri, monga khansa zina, zimakhala ndi chivundikiro chotupa, zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri pachifuwa ndi zisanu ndi m'mimba, ndipo matumbo awo amakhala ndi makoma awiri am'mimba ndi matumbo amfupi. Njira yosavuta yogaya chakudya imawapangitsa kusasankha chakudya.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhanu weniweni
Ma lobster ndi amodzi mwazomwe zimaimira mabanja awo: kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufikira 60 cm, ndi kulemera - 3-4 kg. Wokutidwa mokwanira ndi chipolopolo cholimba cha chitinous, chomwe chimakhala cholimba kuposa cha ena mwa mabanja achi crustacean.
Thupi la khansa limatha kugawidwa pamutu ndi mchira. Pamutu pali ndevu zitatu. Kutalika kwambiri kwa iwo kumasinthidwa kuti apeze nyama kapena kuwona ngozi. Ndevu yachiwiri ndi yachitatu, yomwe ndi yayifupi kwambiri komanso yopyapyala, imawonekeranso bwino, koma kwakukulukulu amakhudzidwa ndi nyama zomwe zabisala pamchenga. Ndevu zawo zimakutidwa ndi mitsempha yotentha.
Chosangalatsa: Nkhanu imasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhanu chifukwa chakuti nkhanuyo ilibe zikhadabo, koma nkhanu zina zachikazi zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zazing'ono.
Mchirawo ndi wofanana ndi mchira wa nsomba zazinkhanira: imagawidwa m'magulu angapo osunthika - mothandizidwa ndi mchira, nkhanu zimatha kuthamanga poyenda kunyanja. Mapeto a mchira adovekedwa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati fan omwe amakhala olinganiza. Nthawi zina mchira umakhotera mkati, ndipo khansa imangokhala m'miyendo yake yopyapyala.
Mtundu wa nkhanuzi ndi wosiyana, kutengera izi:
- malo;
- chakudya;
- mtundu wa nkhanu;
- kutentha kwa madzi;
- zaka za munthuyo;
- momwe munthuyo alili wathanzi.
Nthawi zambiri ndimavundikiro otsekemera, ofiira kapena ofiira ofiira ofiira. Ma lobster ena omwe ali ndi utoto ali ndi timadontho tating'onoting'ono m'miyendo yawo. Ma Langoustes okhala mozama amakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira. Ma Langoustes ochokera kumadzi otentha ndi ofiira kwambiri - nthawi zambiri amtundu wa buluu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda kapena ofiira pachigoba ndi mikwingwirima yoyenda kuchokera kumiyendo kupita ku thupi. Mtundu uliwonse umalungamitsidwa ndi cholinga chobisa - iyi ndi njira yodzitetezera ndikusaka nkhanu.
Zosangalatsa: Mofanana ndi nsomba zazinkhanira zina, nkhanu zimakhala zofiira zikaphika.
Kodi nkhanu zotchedwa spiny zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Crawfish m'madzi
Mitunduyi imapezeka m'madzi ofunda, koma nthawi zina imapezeka m'madzi ozizira.
Nthawi zambiri, usodzi wa nkhanu umachitika m'malo otsatirawa:
- kum'mawa kwa Atlantic;
- kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Norway;
- Morocco;
- Nyanja ya Mediterranean;
- Nyanja ya Azov;
- Zilumba za Canary;
- pafupi ndi Madeira.
Chosangalatsa: Kwa nthawi yayitali panali malingaliro akuti nkhanu imapezeka m'nyanja ya Baltic, chifukwa chake ofufuzawo anali kuyang'ana zovuta kwa anthu kumeneko. Mu 2010, zidatsimikizika kuti nkhanu sizikukhala munyanjayi chifukwa cha kuzizira.
Crayfish iyi imakondwera ndi madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupi ndi makontinenti kapena zilumba, miyala yamiyala yamiyala ndi miyala yambiri komwe mutha kubisala ndikusaka. Amakonda kukhazikika pamalo osachepera 200 mita.
Popeza amakhala moyo wosungulumwa, nkhanu zimakhala zovuta kugulitsa pamalonda. Amabisala, kubisala mumchenga, kubisala pakati pa miyala yamchere yamchere ndikuyang'ana zamoyo zomwe zimatha kulumikizana ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, nsomba za nkhanu zimagwira makamaka pamanja: ena amazikoka m'malo awo.
Mbalamezi sizidziwa kukumba maenje kapena kupanga pobisalira, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nkhanu zina, koma mwaluso zimapinda mumchenga ndikuphatikizana nazo pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wawo wamawangamawanga kapena wamawangamawanga. Akuthamangitsa mchenga ndi zikhomo zawo, amadziwaza okha, kukhala osawoneka kwa adani ndi nyama.
Kodi nkhanu zotentha zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Langoust
Ma lobster ndi olimba mtima kwambiri, ngakhale chifukwa chosowa zikhadabo, sangathe kusaka bwino ngati achibale awo m'banjamo. Chifukwa chake, amadya chilichonse chomwe chimabwera pansi.
Nthawi zambiri, chakudya cha nkhanu chimaphatikizapo:
- mamazelo, nkhono;
- nsomba zazing'ono;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, kuphatikizapo octopus ang'onoang'ono, cuttlefish;
- nyongolotsi.
Chosangalatsa: Ma lobster samanyansitsa zovunda ndipo mofunitsitsa amadya zomwe zatsala kuti zigwere nyama zazikulu.
Wobisala m'ngalande za miyala yamiyala yamiyala yamiyala, miyala kapena kukwiriridwa mumchenga, nkhanuzi zimayembekezera nyama yomwe aziwagwere. Khansa imayenda pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake siyitha kuthamangitsa nsomba za agile ndipo imangodalira kuthamanga ndi kubisala.
Amazindikira nyama mothandizidwa ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayandikira, ndipo ikayandikira kwambiri, chidwi chake cha masharubu ake afupiafupi chimawola - mothandizidwa ndi iwo nkhanu yamphongo imamvetsetsa nthawi yakuthamangira. Ngati nsomba kapena nkhono zili pafupi kwambiri ndi nkhanu, imathamanga kwambiri ndipo imagwira nyama yomwe ili pakamwa pake. Lobster alibe poizoni kapena mano akuthwa, chifukwa chake, ngati nyamayo sanafe pogwira, amadya wamoyo.
Nyamayo ikagwidwa ndikudya, nkhanuyo siyisiya kusaka. Amabisalanso m'malo ake obisalamo ndikudikirira munthu watsopano. Ngati palibe amene akupita kukakumana naye kwa nthawi yayitali, amapita mwachidule, pang'onopang'ono kumalo atsopano ndikudikirira pamenepo. M'mipikisano yotere, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi nyama zolusa kapena zingapo.
Chosangalatsa: Ma lobster amasungidwa m'malo azodyera, ndikumakula bwino. Kumeneko amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chapadera, chomwe nsomba zazinkhanira zimakula msanga ndikukhala onenepa kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhanu weniweni
Moyo wapansi komanso chinsinsi salola nkhanu kuti zizikhala m'matumba kapena m'magulu, chifukwa chake nsomba zazinkhanira zimakhala zosungulumwa. Ambiri amavomereza kuti amakhala usiku, koma izi sizowona kwathunthu: khansa nthawi zonse imakhala yopuma ndikusaka; ngakhale atagona tulo, amatha kuzindikira kuyenda pafupi ndi kugwira nyama. Usiku, amangopanga ma doti afupi kupita kumalo atsopano, achonde kwambiri okhalira nyama. Kapenanso imathamanga nthawi iliyonse masana ngati ikununkha zakufa pafupi.
Khansa siyokwiya konse ndipo ilibe njira iliyonse yodzitetezera. Chigoba chake chimakutidwa ndi ziphuphu zakuthwa, zomwe sizimateteza nthawi zonse kuzirombo ndi zoopsa zina. Kusowa kwa zikhadabo kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda chitetezo kuposa nkhanu zina. Ngakhale akazi omwe ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zikhadabo zazing'ono samawagwiritsanso ntchito.
Ma lobster ndi zolengedwa, koma samenyera gawo. Ngati nyengo yobereketsa isanafike, amamva wina ndi mnzake ndi masharubu ndipo amangopewa kulumikizana. Ngakhale zili m'malo odyera, nkhanu zimakhazikika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - palibe mikangano ndi mikangano pakati pawo.
Nthawi zina nkhanu zimatha kudzisamalira ngati zikumana ndi nsomba kapena zamoyo zina za m'madzi zomwe zimasokoneza bata la nsomba zazinkhanira. Zikakhala chonchi, nkhanu yotetcherayo imatha kuteteza, kutambasula miyendo yake, kutambasula masharubu ake m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndikuponyera mchira wake kumbuyo. Mdani akapanda kubwerera m'mbuyo, powona kukula kwa khansara, ndiye kuti ali pachiwopsezo chogwera m'nsagwada za nkhanuzo.
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhanu zimakonda kupita kumalo akuya, komwe njira yawo yamoyo amakhalabe chinsinsi kwa akatswiri azachilengedwe. Amachita izi mwanjira yapadera: atakhazikika pagulu laling'ono, nkhanu zokakamira zimamvana ndi ndevu zazitali ndikuyenda kumbuyo kwa khansa kutsogolo. Chifukwa chake, akuyenda muunyolo, amatsika kuchokera kumiyala yamakorali.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Lobster panyanja
Ma lobster amaberekana pogonana. Munthuyo amawerengedwa kuti ndi wamkulu pofika zaka zisanu, kenako amatha msinkhu. Nthawi yoswana nthawi zambiri imayamba chakumapeto kwa Okutobala kapena Disembala, ngakhale imayamba koyambirira ngati kutentha kwamadzi ndikokwanira.
Mkazi amaikira mazira ang'onoang'ono mchikwama chapadera cha m'mawere, kenako amatuluka kukafunafuna champhongo, atanyamula mazira osakwanira. Sikovuta kuti timupeze - amuna, monga lamulo, samayenda kwambiri kuposa akazi, chifukwa chake amamugwira ndi masharubu ovuta ndikusunthira mbali imodzi. Akamupeza, wamwamuna amamupatsa mazira.
Mazira ali m'thumba la mayi kwa miyezi ingapo ndipo amatha kulumidwa ndi amuna angapo - angati angakumane nawo panthawiyi. Chifukwa chake, mazira osiyanasiyana atha manyowa ndi nkhanu zosiyanasiyana. Patatha miyezi ingapo, mphutsi zimaswa m'mazira, omwe amafanana ndi akangaude oyera okhala ndi michira yaying'ono - ndiye kuti, ndi chizindikiro chiti chomwe chingamveke kuti awa ndi ana a nkhanu.
Mazira amayenda okha m'nyanja, akudya zooplankton zazing'ono. Kukula kwakung'ono m'thupi, komwe mtsogolo kudzakhale miyendo, kumawalola kuyika vekitala yoyenda. Iwo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu munthawi yamoyoyi, ndipo mwa mazira zikwizikwi aswedwa, ochepera theka la anthuwo amakhala ndi moyo.
Mphutsi zimakula mofulumira, zimadutsa kuchokera pa siteji kupita kumalo ndi thandizo la molting. Panyumba iliyonse, chivundikiro cha nkhanu chimakhala cholimba, ndipo thupi limakulitsidwa. Pokhapokha patadutsa chaka chimodzi molimba, chivundikiro chachitinous chimakhala chokhwima kwambiri mpaka kukula, kukula kwa keratinized kumawonekera.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhanu zonyezimira
Chithunzi: Langoust
Ma lobster amadyedwa ndi aliyense amene amatha kuluma kudzera pachikopa cholimba cha munthu wamkulu, kapena zolengedwa zomwe zimatha kumeza khansa yonse.
Zowononga zomwe zimawopseza nkhanu ndi awa:
- Nsombazi;
- nsombazi;
- nyamazi. Ndiwo adani achilengedwe a nkhanu, chifukwa chake amaphatikizidwanso ndi njira yosangalatsa yogwira nkhanu. Ngati nkhanu yonyezimira ikukwawa pogona paliponse pomwe pamakhala povuta kuchipeza, nyamayi imawonetsedwa, ndipo msana wa nkhanu umayambitsidwa ndi chidwi chodzitchinjiriza chomwe chapangidwa kwa zaka zopitilira chimodzi. Kambuku kameneka kamatuluka msanga mobisalamo ndikuyesera kusambira kuchoka pa octopus, komwe anthu amazigwira;
- kodula. Nthawi zambiri nsombazi zimapha nkhanu chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira, koma kwenikweni sizimasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yofanana.
Mphutsi za lobster atangotuluka m'mazira zimaphatikizana ndi plankton, zomwe amadyera m'kukula kwawo konse. Kumeneko amatha kudyedwa ndi anamgumi omwe amadya nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Zosangalatsa: Crawfish ndiyosavuta kugwira ndi nyama yatsopano. Kuti agwire, timakola tating'ono timayikidwapo momwe nyama yaying'ono imayikidwa, pomwe kanyama kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kamakwawa kufunafuna chakudya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nkhanu zam'nyanja
Ma lobster sanakhalepo pafupi kutha chifukwa chovuta kupanga kuwedza kwakukulu - ndizotheka kugwira munthu aliyense payekha. Amadyetsedwa mwakhama m'madzi odyera ngati chakudya chokoma.
Nyama ya lobster ndi yofewa ndipo ili ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa. Chifukwa chovuta kuchigwira, ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma magawo a nkhanu nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu chifukwa cha kukula kwa nsomba zazinkhanira zomwe. Pofuna kugwira, makola okhala ndi nyama amatsitsidwa kumalo okhala nkhanu, kumene nkhanu zimathamangira. Pamene nsomba zazinkhanira zimadya nyama, khola likutsekedwa, ndipo nkhanuzo sizingatulukemo zokha.
Mitundu ina ya nkhanu yachepetsa pang'ono kuchuluka kwawo, monga Panulirus polyphagus wochokera kudera la Indo-Pacific. International Union for Conservation of Nature yawapatsa mwayi wosamalira.
Nkhanu zothwanima Kwa nthawi yayitali akhala ndi malo ofunika pamoyo wamunthu: anthu atangophunzira kusaka ndi kuphika nkhanu, adazindikira kuti nkhanu sizingakhale zokoma komanso zothandiza. Koma nyama zodabwitsazi sizinafufuzidwe mokwanira m'malo awo achilengedwe, chifukwa chake mtsogolomu tidzayenera kudziwa zamoyo zam'madzi izi pafupi kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/10/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 24.09.2019 pa 21:18
