Kadzidzi amawotcha kadzidzi kapena monga anthu amatchulira mwachikondi mbandakucha. Kadzidziyu ali ndi dzina lakumveka kwachilendo komwe kumapangitsa "Ndilavulira" kapena "typhit". Scops owl ndi kadzidzi kakang'ono kwambiri komwe kumadyetsa tizilombo. Chilimwe chimakhala m'nkhalango m'dera la dziko lathu, nthawi yophukira mbalameyo imawulukira kumwera.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Splyushka
Otus amatulutsa Linnaeus Scops owl kapena m'bandakucha wamba. Mbalameyi ndi ya ma oda akadzidzi, banja la kadzidzi. Kadzidzi ndi mbalame zakale kwambiri. Zotsalira za kadzidzi zidadziwika kuyambira pa Eocene. Kadzidzi anapangidwa ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha pafupifupi zaka 70 miliyoni zapitazo.
Oimira a genera otsatirawa adadziwika kuchokera kumiyala ya akadzidzi omwe adatha: Nectobias, Strigogyps, Eostrix. E. mimika ndi amtundu wa Eostrix, mtundu uwu umadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Akadzidzi omwe takhala tikuwawona akhala padziko lapansi kwazaka zopitilira miliyoni. Asayansi tsopano akudziwa kuti khola la nkhokwe limakhala ku Middle Miocene, ndipo kadzidzi adadziwika padziko lapansi kuyambira malemu Miocene.
Kanema: Splyushka
Kadzidzi wakale mwina anali kugwira ntchito masana ngati mbalame zina zamakedzana, koma kuyambira atakhala olusa, akadzidzi apanga njira yapadera yosakira, yomwe amachita okhawo. Kusaka kotereku kumatheka usiku kokha.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mbalame ikhalebe yosaoneka ndi nyama yomwe ikudya. Mbalame ikaona nyama yomwe ikufuna, imayang'anitsitsa ndi kumenya mwamphamvu. Pakadali pano, akadzidzi ndi gulu logawanika bwino mulimonse. Mwadongosolo, zimagwirizana ndi mitundu monga Caprimulgiformes ndi Psittaciformes. Zolemba za Otus zidafotokozedwa koyamba ndi wasayansi waku Sweden a Karl Linnaeus mu 1758.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Scops owl
Dawn ndi mbalame yaying'ono. Kadzidzi ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa nyenyezi. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna wamkulu ndi 20-22 cm, mapiko ake ndi masentimita 50-55. Kulemera kwake kwa mbalameyo ndi magalamu 50-140 okha. Mtundu wa nthenga za kadzidzi ndi wotuwa kwambiri. Nthengazo zimakhala ndi mawanga okhala ndi mawanga, ndi zikwapu zakuda. Mawanga oyera amawoneka m'mphepete mwa kadzidzi. Pansi pake pa mbalameyi pamakhala mdima wonyezimira; mikwingwirima yopyapyala ndi mikwingwirima imadziwikanso pa nthenga. Mutu wa mbalameyo ndi waung'ono, uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Zosangalatsa: Kadzidzi ali ndi mapawiri atatu a zikope. Ena mwa iwo amaphethira, ena amateteza maso awo pakuthawa fumbi, ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito akagona.
Nkhope ya mbalameyi imakhalanso imvi. M'mbali, mzere wa nthenga zamtundu wakuda umawonekera. Nkhope pansipa imalumikizana ndi mmero. Mbalame zambiri, zozungulira za utoto wowala zimatha kuwoneka mozungulira maso, ndipo pakati pa maso chozungulira chofanana ndi nkhope yonse.
Mtundu wa irises wamaso ndi wachikasu. Mlomo wakuthwa wakuda uli pamutu. Zala za Owl zawululidwa Kadzidzi ali ndi njira ina yamagazi yodutsira mumitsuko, komanso pilo yapadera yamlengalenga yomwe imalepheretsa chotengera kuphulika poyenda mutu ndikuthandizira kupewa kupwetekedwa.
Chosangalatsa: mwakutengera, kadzidzi amatha kutembenuza mutu wake madigiri 270, komabe, mbalameyi siyingasunthe maso ake.
Pamene anapiye ayamba kunyezimira, amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera, kenako zimakhala zotuwa. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana. “Makutu” obowoka nawonso amawoneka pamutu pa mbalameyo. Mukamathawa, m'bandakucha amatha kusiyanitsa ndi kadzidzi ndi kuwuluka mwachangu. Pamene mbalame zimasaka usiku, zimawomba mwapansipansi ngati njenjete.
Mawu a mbalame. Male scops kadzidzi ali ndi mluzu wautali komanso wachisoni. Mluzuwu umatikumbutsa mawu oti "kugona" kapena "fuyu". Akazi amamveka ngati phokoso la mphaka. Kadzidzi wakutchire wamtunduwu amakhala zaka pafupifupi 7, komabe, ngati mbalameyi itasungidwa muukapolo, imatha kukhala zaka 10.
Kodi kadzidzi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Splyushka ku Russia
M'bandakucha amapezeka kulikonse ku Europe. Izi kadzidzi ndizofala ku Asia Minor ndi Siberia, Africa ndi Middle East, Central Russia. Makamaka mbalame zam'bandakucha zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri. Amakhazikika makamaka m'nkhalango zowirira. Amayang'ana mabowo amoyo ndi kukaikira mazira, kapena amawakonza pawokha. Maenje ali pamtunda wa mita imodzi mpaka 17 kuchokera pansi. Mawonekedwe apakati a mabowo amakhala ochokera pa 6 mpaka 17 cm.
M'madera amapiri, mbalame zimakonda kumanga zisa zawo m'mapanga. Kawirikawiri kadzidzi amasankha malo obisika kwambiri okhala ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kolowera; kadzidzi amaona kuti pogona ngati pabwino kwambiri. Sikwachilendo kukhala m'malo osungira mbalame, izi zimachitika ndi mbalame zomwe zimazolowera anthu, ndikukhala mokhazikika m'tawuni. Mutha kukhala m'minda yamasamba, minda ndi m'mapaki. Ku Urals, amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango za oak, ku lipniki.
Ku Siberia, kadzidzi amakhala m'nkhalango za poplar komanso pamalo athanthwe kwambiri. Nkhalango zodekha zimasankhidwa kuti ziziikira mazira ndi kupanga mazira. Kutuluka ndi mbalame zosamuka. Mbalame zimafika pakati pa Russia ndi Siberia kuyambira nyengo yachisanu mkatikati mwa Meyi, mu Seputembala za mbalame zomwezo zimauluka kumwera.
Mbalame zam'mawa sizachilendo, pali zambiri m'nkhalango mdziko lathuli, koma ndi mbalame zosamala kwambiri komanso zobisa. Amakhala moyo wosangalatsa usiku, chifukwa chake anthu sangawazindikire, koma mluzu wawo ndiosavuta kuphonya.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kadzidzi amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kadzidzi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Little scops owl
Monga akadzidzi onse, kadzidzi ndi nyama yolusa. Zowona, amasaka makamaka njenjete ndi tizilombo.
Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame yam'mawa kumaphatikizapo:
- agulugufe;
- Zhukov;
- achule ndi achule;
- abuluzi;
- njoka ndi njoka;
- Makoswe ang'onoang'ono, agologolo ndi nyama zina zazing'ono.
Ma Scops owl kusaka usiku. Usiku, nyamayi imasaka nyama ikamadikirira. Ziwombankhanga zimamva kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupeza nyama yake pasanathe mphindi. Asanaukiridwe, kadzidzi amatembenuzira mutu wake mbali zosiyana, akuyang'ana nyama yomwe ikufuna. Pambuyo pake, posankha nthawi yomwe wovutitsidwayo asokonezedwa ndi china chake, kadzidzi amawombera mwachangu. Nthawi zina kadzidzi amatambasula mapiko ake kufunafuna kachilomboka kapena gulugufe, ndipo amawathamangira akuuluka mwamtendere.
Pogwira nyama yake, kadzidzi amaigwira m'manja mwake ngati kuti akuyendera ndi kukhudza pakamwa pake, nthawi zambiri, imachita izi pamene nyama yosaukayo ikuyenda. Pambuyo powunika, kadzidzi amadya nyama yake. Mu chakudya, kadzidzi ndiwodzichepetsa, amasaka zomwe angathe kugwira panthawiyi.
Ziwombankhanga zimatha kuwononga makoswe, ngati akadzidzi amakhala pafupi ndi minda yolimidwa, izi zimangothandiza, chifukwa m'mwezi umodzi wokha mbalameyi itha kufalitsa mbewa mpaka 150. Komabe, kadzidzi amapweteketsanso nyama zazing'ono zonyamula ubweya monga minks ndi akalulu ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa chake, m'malo omwe amayamba kuswana ziwetozi, sakonda kwenikweni.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Dwarf scops owl
Mbalame yotchedwa Scops owl ndi mbalame yosungulumwa usiku. Masana, kadzidzi nthawi zambiri amagona, atakhazikika panthambi ya mtengo. Mbalameyi imabisala bwino, ndipo siyimayendayenda masana, motero zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pamtengo. Zitha kuwoneka ngati kamwana kakang'ono. Masana, akadzidzi amalola anthu kuti ayandikire kwambiri kwinaku akuyesera kuti asadziwike. Kakhalidwe ka mbalame zamtunduwu sikapangidwe kwenikweni. Nthawi zambiri akadzidzi amakhala okha. Ndi nthawi yokhayo yoberekera komanso yodzala kumene mwamuna amakhala ndi mkazi, ndipo amamuteteza komanso ndodoyo.
Kadzidzi ndi wankhanza, koma amakhala bwino ndi anthu. Ziwombankhanga zimatha kukhala kunyumba ndipo zimatha kulumikizana ndi eni ake. Mndende, mbalamezi zimamva bwino kwambiri kuposa kuthengo. Kadzidzi wakunyumba amakhala motalikirapo kuposa achibale awo achilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti kadzidzi ambiri mwachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amafa ndi njala.
Chikhalidwe cha makolo mu mbalamezi chimapangidwa bwino. Kadzidzi, kwa nthawi yayitali amafungatira anapiye osadzuka ku clutch. Wamphongo panthawiyi amakhala pafupi ndi banja lake, ndipo amateteza. Samalola mbalame zina ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana kuyandikira clutch. Kadzidzi amaikira mazira ake mchaka, ndipo ndibwino kuti musasokoneze panthawiyi. Wamphongo, kuteteza banja lake, akhoza kuukira osati mbalame zina komanso nyama, komanso anthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Splyushka
Ziwombankhanga zimabwera m'malo awo kuyambira nyengo yachisanu kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi. Nthawi yodzala ndi kuswana imagwera mu Meyi-Julayi. Ziwombankhanga zimakonza zisa zawo m'mapanga a mitengo, kapena m'ming'alu ya miyala. Nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti apange nkhalango zowirira.
Mbalamezi zimapanga awiri aamuna ndi aakazi, ndipo amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ikakwerana, yaikazi imaikira mazira 1 mpaka 6 pakadutsa masiku angapo. Dzira lililonse limalemera pafupifupi magalamu 15. Kwa masiku 25, yaikazi imafungatira mazira popanda kutsika, ngakhale itapitikitsidwa, yaikazi ibwerera kumalo ake. Yamphongo pa nthawi ino ili pafupi ndipo imateteza banja lake ku ziweto zolusa.
Ziweto zazing'ono zimabadwa zoyera pansi, koma ndi akhungu. Maso awo adzatsegulidwa kokha kumapeto kwa sabata loyamba la moyo. Makolo amadyetsa ana awo kwa mwezi umodzi. Choyamba, ndi yamphongo yokha yomwe imatuluka kukasaka, kenako mkaziyo amapita nawo.
Pafupifupi, yamphongo imabweretsa anapiye ake chakudya mphindi 10 zilizonse. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira anapiye onse, onse adzapulumuka. Komabe, pamakhala zaka pamene anapiye alibe chakudya chokwanira ndipo anapiye ofooka amafa. Mu sabata lachisanu la moyo, anapiye amachoka pachisa ndikuyamba kukhala ndikusaka paokha. Kukula msinkhu mwa amayi ndi abambo kumachitika pakatha miyezi 10.
Natural adani a scops kadzidzi
Chithunzi: Scops owl
Ngakhale kadzidzi ndi mbalame yodya nyama, ndi chidwi, ali ndi adani ambiri.
Adani akulu a kadzidzi ndi:
- Hawks amaopa kadzidzi usiku, komabe, masana amatha kumenyana ndi kupundula kadzidzi;
- Nkhandwe, akhwangwala;
- Nkhandwe;
- Zosokoneza;
- Ferrets ndi martens.
Chifukwa china chokhalira usiku ndimoti masana, mbalame, zomwe zimadana ndi kadzidzi, zimayatsidwa. Masana, kadzidzi akhoza kuukiridwa ndi akabawi ndi mphamba. Mbalamezi zimauluka mofulumira kwambiri kuposa akadzidzi. Ma Hawks amatha kupeza kadzidzi ndikudya, ngakhale ambiri a iwo amangodula kadzidzi. Komanso akhwangwala, nkhandwe ndi mbalame zina zambiri zankhanza zimakhala zolusa kwa akadzidzi.
Kwa akadzidzi osadziwa zambiri komanso ofooka, anapiye omwe achoka pachisa, chowopseza chachikulu ndi nyama zoyamwitsa. Ankhandwe, raccoons ndi martens, ferrets. Amphaka amatha kukwera mchisa pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu ndikuziwononga. Ma Hawks, nkhwazi ndi ziwombankhanga zimatha kuba mwana pachisa, motero akadzidzi amayesa kupanga zisa m'mabowo ndi ming'alu zomwe mbalamezi sizitha kufikako.
Kuphatikiza pa adani a kadzidzi omwe amapezeka munyama, mdani wamkulu wa kadzidzi akadali munthu. Ndi anthu omwe amadula nkhalango momwe mbalame zokongolazi zimakhala. Amaipitsa chilengedwe ndi mpweya wa zinthu zovulaza. Kadzidzi ndi dongosolo labwino kwambiri m'nkhalango, amadya makoswe ndi tizilombo tovulaza, chifukwa chake ndi chidwi cha anthu kuti asunge kadzidzi. Tiyeni tisamale kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndikusunga zolengedwa zokongolazi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chiwombankhanga m'chilengedwe
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi ndi ochulukirapo. Kadzidzi ku South Africa ndi akadzidzi ambiri ndipo ambiri. M'chigawo chapakati cha Russia komanso kumpoto, mbalamezi ndizosowa, koma izi zimachitika chifukwa chodziwika bwino. M'malo mwake, kadzidzi amakhala m'madera ambiri mdziko lathu. Chifukwa chakuti nkhalango zambiri zikudulidwa, akadzidzi ayamba kukhazikika pafupi ndi anthu pafupipafupi. Dawns aphunzira kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti apeze chakudya, mbalame zimatha kusaka m'minda yobzalidwa ndi anthu potero imadzipezera chakudya.
M'magulu apadziko lonse lapansi a nyama, mitundu yotchedwa Otus scops ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe sizimadetsa nkhawa kwenikweni, ndipo mtunduwu suli pachiwopsezo chotha. Pofuna kuteteza kuchuluka kwa akadzidzi, malo obisalirako zodzikongoletsera angakonzedwenso, m'malo momwe kadzidzi sangagwedezeke pawokha kuti azikhala motetezeka. M'malo mwa maimidwe achichepere, momwe zimakhala zovuta kuti mbalame zizipeza mitengo yakale yokhala ndi mabowo, pomwe imatha kukhazikika. Ndipo, zowonadi, bungwe lachilengedwe, malo osungira zachilengedwe ndi malo oteteza madzi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapaki ndi malo obiriwira m'mizinda, zonsezi zithandizira kusunga ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo osati mitundu iyi yokha, komanso mitundu ya mbalame zina.
Ziwombankhanga ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri, ngakhale zili zolusa. Ndiosadzichepetsa pachakudya ndi malo okhala, motero nthawi zambiri amakondedwa kuti azisungidwa ngati chiweto. Mbalamezi zimangofunika kupumula masana, komanso malo ocheperako. Kunyumba amawotcha kadzidzi amakhala kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo m'moyo wake wonse amakhala wodzipereka kwambiri kwa mbuye wake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/24/2019 ku 21:06
