Zowala, zowoneka bwino, mawu osangalatsa - zonsezi zimapangitsa oriole kukhala imodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri mkalasi. Oriole nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa magazini asayansi, mabuku a ana, zolembera ndi mapositi kadi. Ikhoza kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi nyimbo yake yokongola yotikumbutsa kumveka kwa chitoliro. Koma, ngakhale atazindikira kwambiri, ochepa ndi omwe angadzitamande pakudziwa zambiri za mbalame zazing'onozi. Makhalidwe awo, zizolowezi zawo ndi zina zimayenera kusamalidwa!
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Oriole
Oriole, kapena wamba wamba, ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri yomwe ili ndi nthenga zowala, zokongola. Ndi yekhayo m'banja lalikulu la maoleole omwe amafalikira kumpoto chakumadzulo, komwe kumakhala kotentha. Mwasayansi, mbalameyi amatchedwa Oriolus. Pali malingaliro akuti dzina ili limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini "aureolus", lomwe limamasuliridwa kuti "golide". Pachifukwa ichi, mawonekedwe a mbalameyi amafotokozedwa chifukwa cha nthenga zake.
Chosangalatsa: Orioles ndi mbalame za nyimbo ndi mawu ofanana ndi kusewera chitoliro. Komabe, nyimbo za mbalamezi sizimasangalatsa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina amapanga phokoso loipa kwambiri kapena "meow". "Meowing" ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro pakawopseze abale awo.
Oriole imadziwika mosavuta pakati pa mbalame zina zosiyanasiyana. Ndi yaying'ono, imafikira masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu m'litali ndipo ili ndi kulemera kwake, pafupifupi, magalamu makumi asanu ndi awiri. Ma Orioles amayenda kwambiri, samangokhala phee, koma osalankhulana. Amakonda kucheza okhaokha kapena ndi banja lawo. Mbali yotchuka ya mbalamezi ndi mtundu wawo. Nthenga za akulu zimapangidwa ndi golide wonyezimira, wachikaso, wobiriwira-wachikaso, wakuda ndi woyera.
Anthu a ku Orioles ali ndi achibale ambiri apamtima. Izi zikuphatikiza oimira nyenyezi, ma corvids, ma drongovids, timapepala.
Oriole nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu awiri, kutengera mawonekedwe amtundu wa nthenga:
- o. kundoo Sykes. Izi zimakhazikika m'maiko ena a Kazakhstan, ku Central Asia, ku Afghanistan. Zili ndi mawonekedwe akunja wamba: nthenga yachiwiri yowuluka imafanana ndi yachisanu, kumbuyo kwa diso kuli malo akuda, kunja kwa nthenga za mchira ndizopakanso zakuda;
- o. anayankha Mbalamezi zimamanga zisa zawo ku Ulaya, Kazakhstan, Siberia, India, Africa. Nthenga yawo yachiwiri yowuluka ndiyokulirapo pang'ono kuposa yachisanu, ndipo kulibe malo akuda kuseri kwa diso. Kunja, nthenga za mchira zimajambulidwa zakuda.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Bird Oriole
Ku orioles, anthu amakonda koposa mawonekedwe awo osangalatsa, makamaka, nthenga zokongola, zokongola. Ndi utoto, mbalamezi sizigawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono okha, komanso zimasiyanitsidwa ndi jenda. Zazikazi ndi zazikazi za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nthenga zamtundu wosiyana. Chifukwa chake, amuna amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri. Thupi lawo limakhala lachikaso lowala, golide wokhala ndi mapiko akuda. Kuwoneka modabwitsa kotere kumathandiza amuna kuti azikopa akazi mwachangu komanso mosavuta.
Akazi ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, komanso ndiwokongola kwambiri. Matupi awo ndi achithaphwi. Mawanga akuda amawoneka pachifuwa ndi pamimba chachikazi, ndipo mapikowo amakhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira. Nthenga za nthumwi za banja laku Oriole ndizowala bwino, motero sizingasokonezedwe ndi mbalame zina zilizonse. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimakopa diso, kuyima pakati pawo.
Kanema: Oriole
Kupanda kutero, akazi ndi amuna amakhala ndi magawo ofanana. Iwo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kutalika sikupitilira masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu, ndipo kulemera kwake kokha pamafika magalamu zana. Pafupifupi, mbalamezi zimangolemera magalamu pafupifupi 70 okha. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita makumi asanu. Thupi la achikulire limakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba pang'ono. Mlomo ndi wolimba kwambiri, wamphamvu, uli ndi utoto wofiirira.
Mbalamezi sizimafuna kukhala phee, ndiye kuti mapiko awo ndi olimba kwambiri. Ulendo waku Oriole ukuchepera komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Mbalame yaying'onoyi imatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 70 pa ola limodzi. Ngakhale kuti ndegezi zimayenda bwino kwambiri, Oriole simawoneka kawirikawiri pabwalo lakutali. Amakonda kuuluka m'nkhalango, pakati pa mitengo. Mbali ina yapadera ya mbalame ndi mawu awo. Orioles ali ndi matumba apadera, amatha kutulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana - osangalatsa komanso osasangalatsa.
Kodi anthu a ku Oriole amakhala kuti?
Orioles ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri. M'dera lawo, mbalame zimakhala ndi anthu ambiri. Mbalame zotere zimapereka zofunikira zingapo kumalo awo. Amangopereka zokonda kumadera otentha. Kutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira kumatsutsana kwa iwo. Pachifukwa ichi, mbalamezi zimakhala kumpoto kwa equator, m'madera otentha kwambiri.
Ambiri mwa orioles amakhala ku Europe. Amapezeka ku Sweden, Finland, Poland, Belarus, Russia. Komanso, mbalame zotere zimapezeka pagombe lakumwera kwa England, ku Isles of Scilly. Nthawi zina Oriole amapezeka kuzilumba za Madeira ndi Azores. Komabe, anthu awo kumeneko ndi osakhazikika kwambiri. Komanso, mbalamezi ndizachilendo alendo ku British Isles.
Malo okhalamo amaphatikizanso Asia, makamaka - gawo lake lonse lakumadzulo. Bangladesh, India, Western Sayan, chigwa cha Yenisei ndi malo otchuka kwambiri ku orioles. Anthu a ku Oriole, kaya amakhala kuti, ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. Pakayamba nyengo yozizira kapena kusowa chakudya, mbalame zimasintha malo awo. Kupatula okhawo ndi mbalame zambiri zaku India. Amatha kuuluka pandege zazing'ono zokha.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, ma orioles amakonda kusankha. Amakonda kukhala m'mitengo yambiri, makamaka m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Amakonda popula, birch, msondodzi. M'madera otentha kwambiri, mbalame zoterezi zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, zimasankha malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira. Mbalame zambiri zimapezeka pazilumba zopanda anthu. Nthawi zambiri, orioles amapezeka m'minda, m'mapaki, m'mapiri, pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu.
Kodi anthu a ku Oriole amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nyama zosamukasamuka Oriole
Orioles ali ndi chakudya chosangalatsa. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri: dera la mbalame, nyengo, nthawi yamasana, subspecies. Tizilombo nthawi zonse timakhala pamalo oyamba pazakudya zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, mndandanda wa tizilombo umaphatikizapo mitundu yomwe imadyedwa ndi orioles ndi nkhaka zokha.
Mwa tizilombo, zomwe timakonda kwambiri ndi izi:
- mbozi;
- agulugufe;
- nsikidzi zazing'ono ndi zazikulu;
- akangaude;
- udzudzu;
- tsekwe.
Chosangalatsa: Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti orioles ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa anthu komanso nkhalango. Amadya mbozi zaubweya, zomwe ndi zoopsa kwambiri pamitengo. Mbalame zina za tizilombo zotere zimauluka mozungulira, chifukwa zimakhala ndi ubweya wakupha womwe umaphimba thupi lawo lonse.
Mbalame zimatenga tizilombo timeneti m'njira ziwiri. Amatha kupeza chakudya chawo chamasana m'mitengo kapena atagwidwa mlengalenga. Tizilombo timachokera pansi pa khungwa mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wakuthwa, wamphamvu. Nthawi zina tizilombo timapanga pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi peresenti ya chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi yokolola ikafika, mbalamezi zimaphatikiza zipatso ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana pazakudya zawo.
Mndandanda uwu umaphatikizapo:
- peyala;
- tcheri;
- currant;
- mphesa;
- yamatcheri;
- apurikoti;
- nkhuyu;
- chitumbuwa cha mbalame;
- currant.
Ma orioles ang'ono samadya kwambiri. Chilakolako chawo kumangowonjezera panthawi yobereka. Kenako chakudya cha mbalame chimayamba kuphatikiza zakudya zomanga thupi kwambiri. M'nyengo yokwatirana, ma orioles amadya zitsamba zam'makutu, nsikidzi zamtchire, ndi agulugufe akuluakulu. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimatha kuwononga zisa za mbalame zazing'ono. Komabe, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri.
Chosangalatsa: Kudya kwa Orioles kumatenga nthawi yochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumangokhalira m'mawa. Tsiku lonse, a Orioles amamvera "bizinesi" yawo ina, amangodya pang'ono pang'ono.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Bird Oriole
Oriole amatha kutchedwa imodzi mwa mbalame zamtendere komanso zosangalatsa. Sakonda zachabechabe. Amakhala moyo wabata, ngakhale wopambanitsa. Anthu amachitiridwa mopanda mantha, sakonda kudzikakamiza kutulutsa mitundu ina ya mbalame, chifukwa chake amakhala pambali. Nthawi zambiri, Orioles amakhala tsiku lawo lokha, kulumpha kuchokera panthambi ina kupita ku ina. Pakati pa nyengo yokhwima, mbalame zimangokhala ziwirizi, zimagwira nawo ntchito yomanga chisa. Nthawi zina ndi pomwe a Orioles amawonetsa kukwiya. Amathanso kulimbana ndi mbalame zina zomwe zimafuna kusokoneza anapiye awo kapena kuswa chisa chawo.
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakonda moyo wodekha, wokhazikika. Kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, amasankha nkhalango zolamulidwa ndi mitengo yayitali. Kawirikawiri awa amakhala birch, poplar. M'madera ouma, mbalameyi imapezeka kawirikawiri. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amakhala kumeneko, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi zigwa zam'mitsinje ndi nkhalango. Kaya malo ake amakhala bwanji, ndizovuta kuwona mbalame yotereyi kuthengo. Amakonda kubisala m'nkhalango, mu korona wa mitengo.
Anthu a ku Oriole amayenda tsiku lonse akuyenda. Amalumphira kuchokera panthambi ina ya mtengo kupita pa ina. Ngati pali mtsinje kapena posungira pafupi, ndiye kuti mbalamezo zimawuluka pamenepo ndikusamba. Amakonda madzi. Madzi samazizira kokha, komanso amabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu kwa nyama izi. Mwa izi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi akameza wamba.
Ngakhale kuli kovuta kuwona orioles m'nkhalango zakutchire ndi nkhalango zowirira, mutha kusilira mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino m'mapaki ndi minda. Orioles samapewa kuyandikana ndi anthu. M'mayiko ambiri, amakhala pafupi ndi anthu ambiri. Chinthu chachikulu mu mbalamezi ndi kupezeka kwa madzi ndi chakudya.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ana a ku Oriole
Common oriole ndi mbalame yokhayokha. Nyengo yakumasirana imayamba mochedwa kwambiri, chifukwa mbalame zimafika kumalo opangira zisa zikasamuka pokhapokha kutangobiriwira kumene. Choyamba, zamphongo zimauluka kupita ku zisa, kenako zazikazi. Orioles amaswana kamodzi pachaka. Ndizovuta kutchula nthawi yoberekera momveka bwino, chifukwa zimatengera malo okhala mbalame.
Pakati pa nthawi yokhwima, yamphongo imachita zinthu modzipereka kwambiri. Amayesa ndi mawonekedwe ake onse kuti adziwonetsere kwa akazi. Amuna amalumpha mwachangu kuchokera ku nthambi kupita kunthambi, zimauluka mozungulira wosankhidwa, akuwonetsa "chovala" chawo chowoneka bwino. Nthawi zina amuna amakakamizidwa kuthamangitsa akazi. Pakukopana, ma orioles amayimba bwino, mluzu ndikulira. Pakakhala mkangano pakati pa amuna, ngakhale ndewu zimatha kuchitika. Anthu a ku Orioles amateteza gawo lawo komanso akazi mwansanje kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Amuna amaimba kwambiri, munyengo yamatenda samayima konse. Nthawi yonseyi, kuyimba kwa mbalamezi kumamveka pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, kunja kwa nyengo yokhwima, amuna amayamba kuyimba kokha ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu pamlingo wa chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, anthu adayamba kuneneratu za mvula.
Orioles amaika zisa zawo pamwamba panthaka. Kunja, "nyumbazi" zikufanana ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kolendewera. Zisa za mbalame zimamangidwa kuchokera ku mapesi owuma a udzu, mizere ya bast, khungwa la birch. Mkati mwa nyumbazi mumakhala ndi ma fluff, cobwebs, masamba. Nthawi zina, pomanga chisa cha a Orioles, amagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidatsalira pambuyo pa anthu m'nkhalango. Makolo amtsogolo onse amatenga nawo gawo pomanga chisa. Yaimuna imabweretsa zinthu zoyenera, yaikazi imayala pansi.
Itangokwatirana, yaikazi imaikira mazira. Chilango chimodzi chimakhala ndi mazira anayi. Mazirawo ndi ofiira kapena otuwa ndipo ali ndi timadontho tofiira. Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Nthawi zina abambo amatha kulowa m'malo mwa "positi". Atabadwa, anapiye amapatsidwa chakudya ndi makolo awo masiku khumi ndi asanu.
Adani achilengedwe a Orioles
Chithunzi: Songbird Oriole
Ngakhale amakhala ochepa komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ma orioles samakonda kugwidwa ndi adani achilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe amachitidwe awo. Mbalamezi sizilankhulana, zimakonda kuthera nthawi yawo yambiri m'nkhalango, pakati pa mitengo kumtunda. Komanso masana, mbalamezi ndizosatheka kugwira ndikusaka chakudya. Amakonda kudya zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku m'mawa kwambiri.
Kuukira ku Oriole kumangokhala kwakanthawi kochepa. Adani achilengedwe owopsa kwambiri kwa iwo ndi mpheta, mphamba, ziwombankhanga, mphamba. Ndi omwe amadya nthenga omwe amadziwa njirayi ndipo amatha kugwira msangamsanga nkhomayo ndikudya nawo nkhomaliro. Mbalame zina zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimagwira zisa za kuoleole. Komabe, sizimachitika popanda kuchita ndewu. Orioles amateteza ana awo mosamala. Amalimbana mopanda mantha ndi mbalame zomwe zimafuna kudya anapiye kapena mazira.
Nyama zina sizimakonda kuukira zachilengedwe, zoterezi ndizochepa. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri posaka zipatso, zipatso, kapena kusambira. Kwa nyama zolusa, ma orioles amakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka nthawi yachisa. Amakhala okonzeka kwambiri kupeza chakudya kapena nthunzi, motero amasiya kukhala tcheru. Komabe, pomaliza bwino chisa, mulingo wa chitetezo chawo umakulanso. Zisa nthawi zonse zimaphimbidwa bwino ndipo zimapezeka m'malo ovuta kufikako.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Orioles ali ndi malo ochepa achilengedwe, koma amaimiridwa ndi anthu ambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waboma, a Orioles ndi ambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwawo sikukuwopsezedwa m'zaka zikubwerazi. Orioles amadziwika kuti LC ndipo ali ndi vuto lotetezedwa.
Kusungidwa kwa mitundu yokhazikika yamtunduwu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo zachilengedwe. Choyamba, ma orioles adakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali. Asayansi adatsuka achikulire ndikuwona kuti moyo wawo wonse ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Kachiwiri, mbalamezi ndizobereketsa, ndipo ana awo amakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri. Aoleole wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira anayi kapena asanu nthawi imodzi. Chachitatu, a Orioles amakhala moyo wosamala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri samafa m'malo awo achilengedwe chifukwa cha matenda kapena ziwopsezo za adani.
Ngakhale kuti ndi okhazikika, anthu aku Oriole, monga mbalame zina zambiri, atsika pang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chonse, ndikuwonongeka kwa nkhalango kosalamulirika. Momwemonso, nkhalangoyi ndiye malo okhala kwambiri ku Eastole. Popita nthawi, izi zimatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mbalamezi.
Oriole - kambalame kakang'ono kokhala ndi nthenga zonyezimira, kukopa chidwi ndi mawu ake osangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri samakopa chidwi cha anthu, koma ngati izi zidachitika, msonkhano ndi aoleole sadzaiwalika kwanthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola kwawo ndi kuyimba kwakukulu, ma orioles ndi mbalame zothandiza kwambiri. Ndiwo okha, pamodzi ndi nkhaka, kuwononga mbozi zaubweya, zomwe zimawononga mitengo kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: June 24, 2019
Tsiku losintha: 07/05/2020 nthawi ya 11:37
