Kadzidzi Tawny Ndi mbalame yozizira usiku yochokera ku banja la kadzidzi. Alenjewa ndi oopsa omwe amamva bwino, amapha makoswe ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Amatha kukhala m'nkhalango komanso mumzinda, kukhazikika munyumba yosiyidwa. Nthawi zambiri sizowopsa kwa anthu, pokhapokha atateteza chisa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Owl
Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu yakubadwa kwa mbalame. Malinga ndi m'modzi wa iwo, Archeopteryx amadziwika kuti ndiye wakale kwambiri, ndipo adawonekera munthawi ya Jurassic ndipo anali ofanana ndi ma dinosaurs-maniraptors. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, adadzuka kale, nthawi ya Triassic, ndipo adachokera kwa ma archosaurs, ndipo protoavis adakhala mbalame yoyamba.
Koma asanawonekere akadzidzi, makamaka akadzidzi, anali akadali patali - zimaganiziridwa kuti makolo awo anali mbalame zotsika mtengo, zokhudzana ndi raksha-ngati, ndipo kadzidzi woyamba adawonekera kale kumapeto kwa Paleocene.
Kanema: Owl
Kadzidzi wakale kwambiri yemwe amadziwika ndi sayansi ndi zakale za Ogygoptynx wetmorei. Mtundu womwe anali nawo wamwaliratu, monga akadzidzi ena omwe adayamba kuwonekera. Akadzidzi akale omwe amapezeka ndi akatswiri a paleoanthologists adachokera ku Lower Pleistocene - chifukwa chake, amakhala zaka 600,000 zapitazo, zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri malinga ndi kusintha kwa zinthu.
Amaganiziridwa kuti kadzidzi oyamba anali kugwira ntchito masana ndipo amadyetsa makamaka tizilombo, mwina tomwe timakhala tofa nayo. Popita nthawi, adayamba kukhala moyo wamadzulo - izi zidachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti tizilombo tambiri tambiri timagwira ntchito usiku, ndipo kadzidzi adazolowera moyo wawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, usiku anali ndi otsutsana ochepa. Popita nthawi, zomwe amakonda kwambiri zidasintha, ndipo adayamba kudyetsa makoswe, ngakhale kadzidzi ambiri amakono, kuphatikiza akadzidzi, nthawi zina amadya tizilombo. Anapanganso njira yawo yosakira, osatengera kuthamanga kwa ndege, monga mbalame zamasana, koma pofufuza mwachinsinsi wovutitsidwayo komanso kuwukira modzidzimutsa.
Malongosoledwe asayansi akadzidzi adapangidwa ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1758, adatchulanso mtundu wa Strix, komanso adalongosola mitundu yambiri yazamoyo. Izi zidapitilirabe mzaka za XVIII-XX, ndipo Desert Owl idasungidwa kokha mu 2015, koyambirira kunkawoneka ngati subspecies ya kadzidzi wotumbululuka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Grey Owl
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wokhwima pogonana kumatha kusiyanasiyana masentimita 30 mpaka 70, kutengera mitundu - ina ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, pomwe ina ndiyopatsa chidwi mbalame. Kadzidzi wamba ndi imodzi mwazing'ono kwambiri - kukula kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala masentimita 35-40, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira magalamu 600-700.
Kadzidzi alibe "makutu" a nthenga, ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatha kusiyanitsidwa kunja ndi akadzidzi ena ambiri. Komanso, ili ndi mabowo akuluakulu akumakutu, okutidwa ndi khola lachikopa. Mlomo wake ndiwokwera, komanso mosabisa bwino mbali zonse.
Nthenga zake zimatha kukhala zotuwa mpaka kufinya, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawanga akuda. Maso ndi akuda, achikasu mumitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi wa pallid). Nthenga zake ndizofewa, ma kadzidzi tawny ndi fluffy, chifukwa omwe amawoneka okulirapo kuposa momwe aliri.
Popeza kadzidzi amasaka mumdima, amadalira makamaka pakumva, mwamwayi, ndiyabwino kwambiri. Chipangizo cha mapikacho sichimulola kuti aziuluka mwachangu ngati nyama zolusa masana ngati nkhandwe ndi mphamba, komanso kuti achite zovuta zina mlengalenga.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zina anthu amatola anapiye a kadzidzi omwe agwa pachisa. Ndikofunika kuchita izi pokhapokha ngati avulala, kenako osachita mantha - makolo awo atha kuwonekera mwadzidzidzi. Mwana wankhuku wathanzi amatha kubwerera yekha ku chisa.
Kodi kadzidzi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi wamkulu waimvi
Mtunduwo umadalira mtunduwo, nthawi zina mwina sangadutsenso.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Owl Chaco amakhala ku Gran Chaco, ku South America, komanso madera ozungulira;
- kadzidzi wotumbululuka amakonda kukhala ku Egypt, Syria, Israel ndi Saudi Arabia;
- ma ciccabs akuda ndi oyera komanso owoneka amakhala ku Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador;
- Great Grey Owl - m'nkhalango ya taiga kuchokera m'chigawo cha Murmansk kupita ku Primorye.
Kupatula izi, pali mitundu ina yambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse: kuchokera kumwera kwa Argentina mpaka ku equator ndi Arctic Circle. Kuphatikiza apo, amangokhala, ndiye kuti amakhala kumalo omwe anabadwira. Ngati kadzidzi wonyezimira asunthira kutali ndi komwe adabadwira, ndichifukwa choti zinthu kumeneko zaipiraipira, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizikhala patali.
Amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, zokhazokha kapena zosakanikirana, pomwe sizinganenedwe kuti akufuna kwambiri zachilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukhazikika m'mizinda, kusankha mitengo paki kapena zipinda zosagwiritsidwa ntchito - amakopeka ndikosavuta kupeza chakudya mumzinda. kuposa kunkhalango.
Komabe, akadzidzi ambiri samayesedwa ndi izi ndipo amakhala m'nkhalango, chifukwa zisa zawo amasankha mabowo m'mitengo yakale kapena amangokhala pachisa cha mbalame ina. Sakhala m'mapiri - sangakwere pamwamba pa mita 2,000, ndipo ngakhale pamwamba pake munthu sangakumane nawo.
Malo okhalamo amasankhidwa kutali ndi kuyeretsa kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango - ndiabwino kusaka pamalo otseguka, osati m'nkhalango zowirira, komwe kumakhala kosavuta.
Nanga kadzidzi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi wa nthawi yayitali
Maziko a "menyu" ya kadzidzi ndi:
- makoswe - mbewa, agologolo ndi zina zotero;
- abuluzi;
- achule;
- mbalame zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono ngati grouse wakuda kapena hazel grouse;
- tizilombo;
- nyamakazi;
- nsomba.
Kutengera mtundu ndi malo okhala, pali zokoma - mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi amatha kudya akangaude akulu. Mitundu yambiri imasaka usiku, ngakhale kulinso osaka masana - mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi wamkulu wa imvi.
Monga mwalamulo, zolusa izi zimawulukira mumdima, zimamvetsera mwatcheru ndikugwira mawu aliwonse, ngakhale ziphuphu zamtendere komanso zakutali sizizithawa. Ziwombankhanga zimatha kudziwa kukula kwa nyama ndi mawu ndipo, ngati zikukwanira, ndiko kuti, zazing'ono mokwanira, zimabisala kuti zisawopseze nyama zomwe zingagwire ndi phokoso la mapiko awo.
Kenako amadikirira nthawi yomwe sangadziteteze, ndipo amamupeza mwachangu kamodzi, akumangomvera kokha kuti adziwe komwe kuli. Kuthamangira nyama ngati imeneyi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri, kotero kuti wovulalayo alibe nthawi yoti akumbukire, chifukwa amakhala m'makola a kadzidzi, omwe nthawi zina amapambana 5-8 mita.
Mbalamezi zimawononga makoswe, chifukwa chake, ngati kadzidzi amakhala pafupi ndi malo olimidwa, amangowapindulitsa. Amakonda kudya makoswe, ndipo amayang'ana nyama zina pokhapokha ngati sangapezeke, amatha kupha mbewa 150-200 pamwezi.
Koma kwa iwo omwe amasaka kumpoto ndikututa zikopa kuchokera kwa iwo zowononga zambiri - samangowononga nyama zamtengo wapatali, komanso nthawi zambiri amadya omwe atsekerezedwa kale, kuwononga zikopa - pambuyo pake, safunika kuti agwidwe.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Owl Tawny
Kadzidzi amasaka mumdima, koma osati usiku - nthawi zambiri amachita izi madzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri kusanache. Pankhaniyi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zokonda zawo. Ziwombankhanga zina zimasakanso masana, ndipo ngakhale zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwira usiku nthawi zina zimatha kuchita masana - makamaka nthawi yozizira.
Kawirikawiri kadzidzi amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yopuma posaka ndi kugona; amakagwiritsa ntchito pachisa chake kapena pafupi, nthawi zambiri samachita zambiri ndipo amangopuma. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala tcheru ndipo amakhala wokonzeka kumenya nkhondo ngakhale akupuma.
Ngati kadzidzi tawny amazindikira kena kokayikitsa, amangoyang'ana mwakachetechete, kuyesera kuti asadzipereke yekha. Ngati aganiza kuti ngoziyo ndi yayikulu, ndiye kuti amangouluka mwakachetechete, kapena kumenya ngati kuli koyenera kuteteza anapiye. Ziwombankhanga sizimveka konse, koma dzuwa likangolowa nthawi zina zimayimba mayina.
Kenako amayamba kukonzekera kusaka: amatha kuwuluka pasadakhale, nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika pansi - panthawi yamaulendo ngati amenewa, amayang'ana omwe angakumane nawo mtsogolo. Ndege zotere zimachulukirachulukira ngati kulibe nyama zochepa, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwake, mbalameyo nthawi zambiri sichidandaula ndipo sichichita "kuzindikira" koteroko. Ngati nyama yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumba yake sikokwanira, amatha kuwuluka kupita kwina.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa kadzidzi kumadalira kukula kwake - zikuluzikulu za mbalamezi, ndizomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali. M'makondo wamba, motero, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chimakhala chochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala pafupifupi zaka 5, ndipo mwa mitundu ikuluikulu imatha kufikira zaka 7-8.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kadzidzi nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi, nthawi zina anthu ambiri amatha kuwuluka maulendo ataliatali nthawi imodzi. Amathanso kukhazikika m'malo omwe mitundu iyi sinayimiridweko konse, ndikupititsa patsogolo mitundu yake. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatenga nawo gawo pakusamuka kumeneku zikamakula pofika nthawi yophukira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Anapiye a kadzidzi
Nthawi zambiri, kadzidzi amakhala awiriawiri, amathanso kukhazikika m'magulu akulu, koma patalitali, chifukwa mwina sipadzakhala chakudya chokwanira aliyense. Komabe, zimatengera mtundu wa mbalame: pali zina zowopsa zomwe sizimalola kuyandikira kwa akadzidzi ena, zilipo zochepa - nthawi zina zimakhala pamtengo womwewo ndi mbalame zodya nyama za mitundu ina.
Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zazing'ono, odutsa, amachita kadzidzi akulira mofuula, akuchenjeza achibale awo za ngoziyo. Nthawi zambiri sichipikisana ndi zilombo zazikulu, chifukwa amasaka masana, koma mikangano ndiyotheka.
Mitundu ina imakhala ndi madera ambiri ndipo imakonda kuteteza "madera" awo. Ngati wina ali mkati mwawo, mbalameyo imafuula ndipo m'njira iliyonse ikuwonetsa kukonzeka kwake kuukira, koma sichiukira nthawi yomweyo ndikupatsa nthawi yoti inyamuke. Ngati "wobisalayo" sanagwiritse ntchito mwayiwu, amapitilizabe kuchitapo kanthu - amphaka, agalu, nkhandwe, komanso anthu nawonso, awukiridwa ndi akadzidzi kangapo.
Awiriwo sanapangidwe chaka chimodzi - kadzidzi amatha moyo wawo wonse limodzi. Kukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi kumalimbikitsidwa ndi chiŵerengero chofanana cha amuna ndi akazi akatha msinkhu. Koma mu mitundu ina, bigamy imakhalanso yofala - nthawi zina akazi awiri amagawana wamwamuna m'modzi, pomwe amatha kukhala ndi chisa chimodzi kapena ziwiri pafupi.
Pakubereka, amatchulidwa mawonekedwe apadera. Chifukwa chake, Great Gray Owl, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, sikumanga zisa konse, m'malo mwake imakhazikika muzisa zosiyidwa za mbalame zina zazikulu kukula. Kawirikawiri, amamanga zisa m'mayenje, nthawi zina m'zipinda za nyumba zosiyidwa.
Chiyambi cha nyengo ya kukwatira chimatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo yomwe kadzidzi amakhala. M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kubwera nyengo yachisanu ikangotha, ndipo pakati kapena kumapeto kwa masika, anapiyewo amakhala atayamba moyo wawo wodziyimira pawokha. Kutentha, kumatha kukhala kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Zizindikiro zomveka zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi miyambo - nyengo ikakwerana ikayamba, nkhalango imadzaza ndi kulira kwanthawi yayitali kwa amuna ndi mayankho achidule achikazi.
Nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira kuyambira 2 mpaka 4, pambuyo pake amawakweza mpaka anawo ataswa - kawirikawiri amatenga milungu inayi. Nthawi zina anyani amathandizanso nawo makulitsidwe, koma osati mitundu yonse. Zimatetezeranso chisa ku malo olanda nyama ndikubweretsa chakudya kwa akazi omwe sangathenso kuswa mazira posaka.
Anapiye akhanda amakhala oyera pansi, kenako mikwingwirima yakuda pang'onopang'ono amawaphimba. Pakadutsa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, amadziwa kale kuwuluka pang'ono, ndikukhazikika kwathunthu ndi 3-4. Pafupifupi pambuyo pake, amasiya chisa ndikuyamba kukhala pawokha, ngakhale m'mitundu ina ma kadzidzi amatha kukhala ndi makolo awo mpaka miyezi 6-7.
Adani achilengedwe a kadzidzi
Chithunzi: Grey Owl
Palibe adani apadera - ndiye kuti, palibe amene amawasaka mwadala. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti kadzidzi alibe pangozi - inde, alipo ochepa. Kuphatikiza pa matenda owopsa komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri pakufa kwawo, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zitha kukhala zowopsa.
Choyambirira, akadzidzi amaopsezedwa ndi ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga za golidi ndi akabawi. Ngakhale kukula kwake, mbalamezi zili ndi mapiko otsogola kwambiri, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi, zimakhalanso zamwano komanso zosinthika kuti zimenyane ndi mbalame zina.
Ngakhale kadzidzi amatha kudziyimira pawokha, makamaka ngati amayenera kuteteza chisa - pankhaniyi, imalimbana ndi aliyense wankhanza, ngakhale atakhala ndi mwayi wotani, ngakhale chimbalangondo chasankha kudya mazira. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musayandikire chisa - mbalame yaukali imathanso kuwona maso ake.
Vutoli litha kuopsezedwanso ndi akadzidzi akulu, makamaka akadzidzi, komanso anthu amtundu anzawo - nthawi zambiri akadzidzi samatsutsana, koma pali zosiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kuderalo ndi akadzidzi, chifukwa chake mikangano imabuka pakati pawo kuti adye.
Osatinso nthawi zambiri, munthu amakhala chifukwa cha imfa ya kadzidzi wosakhazikika: alenje amawawombera, amagwera mumisampha yomwe imakodwa ndi makoswe, kapena amapatsidwa poyizoni chifukwa cholimbana ndi makoswe omwewo mothandizidwa ndi zinc phosphide.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Owl
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya kadzidzi yakutchire amadziwika kuti Sakhala Ndi nkhawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwawo ndikokwanira, ndipo anthu ndi ambiri, kotero kuti palibe chowopseza. Zachidziwikire, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nkhalango, imakhala yocheperako komanso yosabisika, koma malo adakalipo ambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kukhala m'malo omwe amakonzedwa ndi anthu, ngakhale m'malo omwe amakhala - ndipo akatero amasaka m'minda yapafupi. Mitundu yambiri ikadali yosowa kwambiri ndipo idalandirapo ngati ili pachiwopsezo - komabe, palibe imodzi mwa yomwe idalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse.
Koma m'malo ena, mitundu yosawerengeka imatha kutetezedwa ngati cholinga ndikuzisunga m'derali. Mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi wa nthawi yayitali amatetezedwa m'maiko a Baltic, Belarus, Ukraine, komanso zigawo zina za Russia.
Njira zingapo zitha kutengedwa kuti zisungire anthu, mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zisa zopangira m'malo momwe, chifukwa chakukonzanso nkhalango, ndizovuta kupeza mtengo wakale wokhala ndi mphako woyenera chisa. Pachifukwachi, zipika kapena mabokosi obowoleza kuchokera pamatabwa amapachikidwa pamitengo yapafupi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Monga akadzidzi ena, akadzidzi amamva bwino kwambiri - amatha kutulutsa mawu pafupipafupi 2 Hz, poyerekeza, khutu la munthu limatha kumva kuchokera ku 16 Hz. Kuphatikiza apo, makutuwo amakhala osakanikirana - izi zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa komwe nyama yolira ili.
Kadzidzi wakuda Ndi nyama yodya nyama usiku yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunikira m'chilengedwe. Komanso ndibwino kuti musawakwiyitse, chifukwa iwo, ngakhale ali chete komanso ochepa, amakhala ankhanza kwambiri ngati mukuyenera kudziteteza. Izi ndi mbalame zokongola zakutchire zomwe zimayenera kuphunzira, zomwe zimayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi akadzidzi ena - ali ndi zizolowezi zosiyana komanso moyo wawo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 25.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 21:38
