Kangaude karakurt ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zoopsa kwambiri komanso zaululu padziko lapansi. Dzina la kangaude potanthauzira limatanthauza "nyongolotsi yakuda". M'chilankhulo cha Kalmyk, dzina la mitunduyo limatanthauza "mkazi wamasiye wakuda". Zimadzilungamitsa ndipo zimatheka chifukwa chakutha kwa mkazi kudya amuna atakwatirana. Kwa anthu, akangaude nawonso ndi ngozi yayikulu, makamaka akazi omwe atha msinkhu. Amakonda kusuntha mwachangu kwambiri.
Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti poizoni wa karakurt ndi wamphamvu nthawi 15-20 kuposa poyizoni wa njoka yapoizoni. Amuna ndi ocheperako ndipo sangathe kuluma kudzera pakhungu la munthu ndikuvulaza. Mtundu uwu wa kangaude nthawi zambiri umalumikizidwa ndi zinsinsi. Izi ndichifukwa chakupezeka kwa mawanga ofiira khumi ndi atatu mthupi la kangaude.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Spider karakurt
Karakurt ndi wa arthnod arachnids, ndi woimira dongosolo la akangaude, banja la akangaude a njoka, akazi amasiye akuda, mtundu wa karakurt, amapatsidwa mtunduwo.
Nthawi yeniyeni yomwe makolo akale amakalulu amakono adachokera - arachnids - ndizovuta kukhazikitsa, popeza alibe chipolopolo, ndipo wosanjikiza wa chitinous udawonongeka mwachangu. Komabe, asayansi komanso ofufuza mpaka pano amapezabe zopezazi. Nthawi zambiri, zotsalira za makolo akale amakalulu amakono zidasungidwa mu amber. Zomwe anapezazi sizinangobweretsanso chithunzi chakunja cha kholo lakale la nyamakazi, komanso kuti apeze zithunzi zonse ngati njira yolumikizira kuzizira, kapena kuluka ukonde.
Kanema: Kangaude karakurt
Zolemba zakale za amber zidaloleza asayansi kuganiza kuti akangaude adalipo kale zaka 300 - 330 miliyoni zapitazo. M'dera la China yamakono, asayansi adatha kupeza zotsalira zakale zakale. Muzipezazi, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la tizilombo adatsatiridwa momveka bwino. Munali m'dera lino momwe zotsalira za kangaude wakale kwambiri attercopus fimbriunguis zidapezeka. Choyimira chakale cha nyamakazi chinali chaching'ono, chosapitilira mamilimita asanu, ndi mchira wautali, womwe unali pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a kutalika kwa thupi.
Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo kutulutsa ulusi womata. Anadzipatula osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akangaude akale popangira mabowo, kukulunga zikuku, ndikukopa amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Zida zakale za nthawi imeneyo zinali ndi matupi osiyana pang'ono. Kuphatikiza pa kupezeka kwa mchira, komwe kulibe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, anali ndi mutu ndi m'mimba mosakwanira.
Zikuoneka kuti akangaude oyamba adapezeka ku Gondwana. Pomwe Pangea adapangidwa, adayamba kuchulukana ndikukhala pafupifupi madera onse apadziko lapansi. Zotsatira za ayezi pambuyo pake zidachepetsa madera okhala arachnid. Tizilomboto timadziwika ndikufalikira mwachangu komanso kusinthidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa Carboniferous, amayamba kutaya gawo la cephalothorax ndi pamimba. Asayansi amati zotsalira za akangaude, zomwe zakhala zaka 150-180 miliyoni, zimatilola kunena kuti zinthu zakale za nthawi imeneyo sizinali zosiyana ndi akangaude amakono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Spider karakurt ku Russia
Mu mitundu iyi ya kangaude, mawonekedwe azakugonana amadziwika kwambiri. Mkazi ndi wokulirapo kuposa amuna. Kukula kwa thupi la mkazi m'modzi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 2-2.5, ndipo wamwamuna ndimasentimita 0.7-0.9. Kangaudeyu ndi wosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi ma arthropod ena. Thupi ndi ziwalo zazitali zakuda ndimadontho ofiira pamimba. M'madera ena, amatha kukhala ndi malire oyera. Nthawi zambiri zimasowa atatha msinkhu ndipo thunthu limakhala lakuda kwambiri.
Arthropod ili ndi magulu anayi a miyendo yayitali yomwe ili mbali zonse za thupi. Ataliatali kwambiri awiriawiri oyamba ndi omaliza. Miyendo iwiri yomwe ili pakati ndi yayifupi. Iwo ali ndi tsitsi lapadera lomwe limalola kuti azitha kuyandikira mosavuta wovulalayo yemwe wagwidwa ndi ulusi wa kangaude. Akangaude ali ndi England wapadera amene amapanga poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri. Zapangidwa kuti ziumitse ndi kupha tizilombo. Komanso, ndi thandizo lake, karakurt amapha makoswe ang'onoang'ono, omwe mabowo awo amakhala nawo.
Akangaude ang'onoang'ono obadwa kumene amakhala pafupifupi owonekera. Komabe, molt woyamba, thupi limakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani, ndipo pamizere yoyera pamimba pamizere itatu. Pambuyo pa molt wotsatira uliwonse, thupi la tizilombo limakhala lakuda kwambiri, ndipo mabwalo amakhala ofiira. Nthawi zambiri kangaude amatulutsa, amakula msanga. Pafupipafupi ndi kuchulukitsa kwa ma molts zimadalira chakudya chokwanira. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pa chisanu ndi chimodzi kapena chachisanu ndi chiwiri, amasiya kudya kwambiri ndikuyamba kufunafuna mkazi kuti abereke.
Zosangalatsa: Chodabwitsa, karakurt ili ndi magazi amtambo. Izi ndichifukwa choti si hemoglobin wofiira yemwe amachititsa mtundu wamagazi, koma hemocyanin, yomwe imapatsa magazi utoto wabuluu.
Kodi kangaude wa karakurt amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Spider karakurt
Madera achilengedwe momwe karakurt amakhala omasuka kwambiri ndi matsamba, nkhalango, madera achipululu. Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa nyamakazi umapezeka pafupi ndi zigwa, mapiri opanga, malo olimapo, m'chipululu, zigawo zosiyidwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Karakurt amakonda kukhala m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, youma. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyengo, malo okhala kangaude akula kwambiri. Zakhala zachilendo ku Crimea, Sevastopol, ngakhale m'madera ena a likulu la Russian Federation.
Geographic regions of Karakurt malo:
- gawo la nkhalango-steppe ya Republic of Kazakhstan;
- steppes a dera Astrakhan;
- gawo la Central Asia;
- Afghanistan;
- Iran;
- gombe la Yenisei;
- gombe la Mediterranean;
- Kumwera kwa Europe;
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Crimea;
- kum'mwera kwa Russia.
Maenje amphongo ang'onoang'ono amasankhidwa ngati malo okhala okhazikika, omwe amaphedwa ndi poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri. Ndimatha kukhala m'maenje owuma, ming'alu yamakoma, malo ojambulira ndi zipinda. Amakonda kwambiri malo osiyanasiyana omanga, nyumba zosiyidwa, momwe muli malo obisika komanso osafikika.
Kusintha kwanyengo kumatha kuyambitsa kusamuka. Akangaude amawopa kuzizira ndi chinyezi, chifukwa chake, nyengo yozizira ikayamba, amasiya malo awo kukasaka malo otentha. M'nkhalango zowirira kapena m'malo opanda kanthu dzuwa lotentha kwambiri, sizokayikitsa kuti zitha kukumana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Malo okhala mkazi wamasiye wonyenga amakhala ndi tsamba lolimba.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wa karakurt amakhala, tiyeni tiwone zomwe kangaude wakupha amadya.
Kodi kangaude wa karakurt amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa poizoni karakurt
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda a akangaude. Kuti awagwire, akangaude amaluka ukonde, womwe umapachikidwa panthambi zamitengo, muudzu, ndi zina zambiri. Nthito mwa akazi ndi yolimba kuposa yamphongo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti maukonde a kangaude sali owoneka bwino, choncho wogwidwa amene wagwera mwa iwo sadzathanso kutuluka. Atagwira nyama zawo, akangaude amayimitsa kaye ndi chithandizo cha poyizoni, ndiyeno amayamwa zomwe zili mthupi.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha karakurt:
- ntchentche;
- ntchentche;
- dzombe;
- ziwala;
- kafadala;
- udzudzu;
- mbozi;
- mphutsi zamagazi;
- mitundu ina ya nyamakazi;
- njoka;
- abuluzi.
Nthawi zambiri, ngati gwero la chakudya, pakhoza kukhala tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa mu intaneti ndipo sitingathe kutuluka.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ululu wa akangaudewa amatha kupha ngakhale nyama monga ng'ombe, kavalo kapena ngamila. Imalekerera modekha kokha ma hedgehogs ndi agalu. Kwa anthu, poizoni wa tizilombo ndiwowopsa kwambiri. Amawonedwa kuti ndiwowopsa kwambiri panthawi yaukwati. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale poizoni wa kangaude kakang'ono ndikwanira kupha munthu wamkulu, wamphamvu. Poizoniyo amakhala ndi ziwalo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kangaudeyu asamayende bwino.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Spider karakurt ku Crimea
Mtundu uwu wa nyamakazi ya poizoni umakonda nyengo youma, yotentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dera lomwe amakhala limangokhala kumayiko otentha, akumwera. Posachedwa, milandu yowoneka ndikufalikira kudera la Russian Federation yakhala ikuchulukirachulukira. Apa amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri anthu samakhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi tizilombo toopsa. Nthawi zambiri, ndikayamba kuzizira, amatha kulowa mnyumba ya munthu.
Sangathenso kupirira kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutentha, chifukwa chake kutentha kumayamba m'maiko ena, amasamukira kumadera akumpoto kwambiri. Akangaude amakonzera malo awo malo osafikika - maenje a mbewa zazing'onoting'ono, zipilala zamakoma a konkriti, nkhalango zochepa zaudzu, ndi malo ena. Kangaudeyu adalandira dzina lachiwiri loti "wamasiye wakuda" chifukwa chachikazi chimadya champhongo chikakwatirana. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimachitika ndi mnzake wotsatira.
Chosangalatsa: Podyera anzawo, akazi amalandila kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, omwe adzafunidwe ndi ana amtsogolo mtsogolo.
Asayansi akuti ngakhale amuna ambiri atha kupewa tsoka lodyedwa, amafa, chifukwa amataya chidwi chawo chodya ndipo mwachilengedwe amasiya kudya. Karakurt amakonda kukhala moyo wobisika. Amatha kumenya kapena kuwukira akawona zoopsa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Spider karakurt m'chigawo cha Rostov
Mtundu uwu wa arthropod umasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwakubala kwambiri. Zaka 9-12 zilizonse pamakhala kubadwa kwakukulu kwa tizilombo toopsa. Nyengo yakumasirana imayamba pakatalika nyengo yachilimwe. Nthawi yobereka isanayambike, mkazi amafufuza malo obisika. Amuna amayala kangaude kamene kali ndi ma pheromone apadera omwe amakopa amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Powona mnzake yemwe akuwonekera, wamwamuna amachita zofananira ndi kuvina. Amayenda uku ndi uku, akugwedeza miyendo yake.
Akakwerana, chachikazi chimadya mnzake mopanda chifundo ndikuyamba kufunafuna malo oyenera oikira mazira. Malo akangoti asankhidwe, amawaluka mosamala ndi intaneti, pomwe amafalitsa zikwa. Ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, mkazi wamwalira. Cocoon imasunga mazira kuti asawonongeke komanso kuzizira. Mphepo yamphamvu ikawomba nthawi yophukira, imang'amba ma coco ndipo imatha kupita nayo kuchigwa, ikufalitsa malo okhala akangaude.
Kuyambira pomwe mazira amaikidwiratu, tizilombo tating'ono timatuluka patatha milungu iwiri. Komabe, sakufulumira kusiya cocoko, chifukwa akuyembekezera kuyamba kwa masika ndi kutentha. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe amakhala mu cocoon, amapezeka chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimapezekanso. Pambuyo pake, amayamba kudya wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kunena kuti anthu olimba kwambiri amachokera ku cocoon kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Kukula ndi kukula kwa akangaude kumapitilira nthawi yonse yachilimwe-chilimwe. Munthawi imeneyi, munthu aliyense amadutsa kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 10 molts. Kuchuluka kwake kumadalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi jenda. Akazi amatsanulira kuposa amuna.
Zosangalatsa: Thupi la kangaude limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo, chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula ndikukula kwa nyamayi. Pakusungunuka, karakurt imatulutsa chipolopolo chake, ndikusintha kukhala chatsopano chopitilira chakale kukula.
Natural adani a kangaude karakurt
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa poizoni karakurt
Ngakhale kuti karakurt amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, ali ndi adani m'malo awo achilengedwe. Choopsa chachikulu kwa iwo chimayimiriridwa ndi ungulates wokonda kucheza, popeza amapondaponda osati ma arthropod okha, komanso zikopa zawo zokhala ndi mazira ochulukirapo.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama zopindika, adani a akangaude ndi mavu apamtunda. Amawomberanso nyamakazi mofananamo. Mavu ali ndi vuto linalake lomwe limatulutsa poizoni, lomwe amalowetsa mu akangaude, zomwe zimawalepheretsa. Pambuyo pake, tizilombo timadya mwakachetechete wamasiye wakuda.
Mdani wina wa zida zoopsa komanso zoopsa ndi okwera pamahatchi. Amayikira mazira awo mu zikopa za nyamakazi. Pambuyo pake, mphutsi zomwe zimawoneka zimadya akangaude ang'onoang'ono. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira mdani m'modzi, amenenso amatha kudya karakurt yambiri. Awa ndi ma hedgehogs. Sachita mantha ndi kuukira kwa tizilombo timeneti, chifukwa amatetezedwa molondola ndi chipolopolo chokhala ndi singano.
Akangaude amakhalanso ndi mitundu ina ya akangaude kapena arthropods. Komabe, ayenera kukhala agile komanso othamanga kuti akhale ndi nthawi yolimbana ndi wamasiye wakuda asanalowetse poizoni wake. Komabe, izi ndizosowa kwambiri, chifukwa karakurt ndiyothamanga kwambiri.
M'madera ena, zochita za anthu zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa makoswe, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amayambitsa mankhwala, zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa karakurt.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Crimea kangaude karakurt
Mpaka pano, asayansi ali ndi chidaliro kuti palibe chomwe chingawopseze anthu a karakurt. M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwawo ndiokulirapo, ndipo malo awo akukhalira kukulira kumpoto. M'madera momwe kangaude sanapezekepo kale, koma mabungwe onse azaumoyo akuwonekera koyamba, ayenera kukhala okonzeka kupereka thandizo ladzidzidzi kwa anthu omwe alumidwa ndi nthumwi yoyipa ya zomera ndi zinyama.
M'madera ena, momwe akangaude amagwirira ntchito makamaka, amalowa mnyumba, kapena amayandikira kwambiri anthu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera ndikuwongolera. Anthu akuyesera kuteteza nyumba zawo m'njira zonse zodziwika. The poizoni wa nyamakazi ndi owopsa makamaka kwa ana, okalamba, ofooketsa odwala, kapena odwala matendawa.
Vutoli limakhala chifukwa chakuti munthu samamva kulira kwa tizilombo nthawi zonse, ndipo pakatha mphindi 15-20 kuchokera pomwe poizoni amalowa mthupi, ziwonetsero zazikulu zimayamba. Wodwalayo atalandira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ndipo jekeseni wa anticaracourt amabayidwa, mpata waukulu wochira.
Mkazi wamasiye wakuda, kapena kangaude karakurt ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zoyipa kwambiri komanso zoopsa padziko lapansi. Komabe, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti kangaude sichiukira munthu payekha. Amawukira pokhapokha ngati ngozi yayandikira.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 13.10.2019 pa 19:25
