Tit - mbalame yodziwika bwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa odutsa. Nyama yosangalatsayi, yosangalatsa, komanso yosangalatsa imadziwika kwa akulu ndi ana. Ili ndi gawo logawika padziko lonse lapansi, imagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri. Mitundu yonse ya mbalamezi ndizofanana m'njira zina mawonekedwe, zizolowezi, moyo wawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Tit
Titmouse ndi gawo la banja lalikulu kwambiri la titmice. Ndiwo oimira akulu kwambiri pazolowera. Kutalika kwa thupi la tit kumatha kufikira masentimita khumi ndi asanu. Poyamba, titmice ankatchedwa "zinitsy". Mbalamezo zinatchulidwa chifukwa cha nyimbo ya nyamayo, yomwe imamveka ngati "zin-zin". Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, mbalamezo zinapeza dzina lawo lamakono, lomwe limachokera ku mithunzi yambiri. Dzinalo "tit" la anthu ambiri ochokera ku Asilavo limamveka chimodzimodzi.
Mbalame zazing'onozi, zokangalika zimakonda kwambiri nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, pali lamulo la King Louis waku Bavaria, lomwe lidatulutsidwa m'zaka za zana la 14, lomwe lidaletsa kuletsa kuwononga matiti. Mbalamezi zinkaonedwa kuti ndi zothandiza kwambiri, zinali zosatheka kuzisaka. Lamuloli lidakalipobe mpaka pano.
Lero, mtundu wamtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu yayikulu inayi, yomwe imagawidwa m'magulu ambiri:
- imvi tit. Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kwakunja ndi mtundu wachilendo wamimba - imvi kapena yoyera. Malo achilengedwe a mbalameyi ndi gawo lonse la Asia;
- khwalala. Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri pamtunduwu. Mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri, wosangalala: mimba yachikaso, "taye" yakuda, imvi kapena ubweya wobiriwira. Bolshaki ndizofala kwambiri. Amapezeka ku Eurasia konse;
- wobiriwira. Mbalame zotere zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa azitona wa mchira, mapiko, nthenga zolimba pamimba;
- kummawa. Mwakuwoneka, nyama imawonekeranso ngati imvi. Ili ndi mimba yakuda, koma imakhala ku Sakhalin, Japan, m'maiko ambiri ku Far East. Amapezeka ochuluka pazilumba za Kuril.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: bird tit
Mbalame yaing'ono, yaing'ono, yozindikirika mosavuta. Mbalame zambiri zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mimba yowala ya mandimu, pakati pake pali mzere wakuda wakuda. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi nthenga zoyera pamimba. Mutu uli ndi nthenga zakuda, masaya oyera, kumbuyo kwa azitona ndi mapiko. Amayi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta zapakati. Ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mpheta ndi mchira wautali. Thupi liri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita makumi awiri, mchira ukhoza kufika masentimita asanu ndi awiri. Mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imalemera pafupifupi magalamu khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
Kanema: Tit
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mitu yayikulu, koma maso ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Iris nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda. Mitundu ina yokha ndi yoyera kapena yofiira. Mutu wa mbalame umakongoletsedwa ndi "kapu" yowala. Mitundu ina ili ndi kachilombo kakang'ono. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku nthenga zazitali zomwe zimakula kuchokera pa korona.
Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina, nyumba zotere zimayendetsedwa bwino munkhalango. Amawononga tizilombo tambiri todetsa nkhawa.
Mlomowu ndiwakuzunguliridwa kuchokera pamwamba, wophwatalala mbali. Kunja, mlomo umaoneka ngati chulu. Mphuno zimakutidwa ndi nthenga. Ndi ma bristly, pafupifupi osawoneka. Khosi ndi gawo la chifuwa ndi zakuda. Komabe, ali ndi utoto wosangalatsa pang'ono wabuluu. Kumbuyo kwake kumakhala azitona. Mtundu wosazolowereka wowalawu umapangitsa kamutu kakang'ono kukhala kokongola kwambiri. Amawoneka okongola kwambiri motsutsana ndi matalala oyera.
Amayi ali ndi miyendo yaying'ono koma yamphamvu. Zikhadabo pa zala zake ndizopindika. Ziphuphu zoterezi, zikhadabo zimathandiza nyama kukhala bwino panthambi. Mchira umakhala ndi nthenga za mchira khumi ndi ziwiri, mapiko, ozunguliridwa kumapeto, ndi achidule. Mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwawo. Amapukutira mapiko awo kangapo, kenako amauluka. Mwanjira imeneyi ziweto zimapulumutsa mphamvu zawo.
Kodi titmouse amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tit Animal
Titmice imapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Malo achilengedwe akuphatikizapo zigawo zotsatirazi, mayiko:
- Asia, Europe, Africa, America;
- Taiwan, Sunda, Zilumba za Philippines;
- Ukraine, Poland, Moldova, Belarus, Russia.
Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala ku Asia. Pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi imodzi amakhala ku Russia ndi Ukraine. Mbalamezi sizingapezeke ku Central ndi South America kokha, zilumba za Caribbean, Madagascar, Antarctica, Australia, New Guinea.
Oimira mtundu uwu wa mbalame amakonda kukhala m'malo otseguka. Amakhazikika, amamanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi magalasi, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Alibe zofunikira pamtundu wa nkhalango. Komabe, zimapezeka kambiri m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Malo okhalamo amadalira mtundu wa titmouse. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Europe zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango za thundu. Nyumba zokongoletsera za ku Siberia zili pafupi ndi anthu, kwinakwake kunja kwa taiga. Ku Mongolia, mawere amakhala mdera lachipululu.
Nyama izi sizisankha nkhalango zakuda kuti zimange zisa. Amakonda kuwuluka m'malo odutsa nkhalango, pomwe pali matupi amadzi, mitsinje, nyanja osati pano. Komanso, oimira banja nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapiri. Chiwerengero chawo chachikulu chili kumapiri a Alps, m'mapiri a Atlas. Nyama sizikwera pamwamba pa mita chikwi chimodzi mphambu mazana asanu ndi anayi mphambu makumi asanu pamwamba pamadzi.
Amayi ndi mbalame zosamuka. Izi ndichifukwa choti amakana nyengo yozizira. Amakhala moyo wosamukasamuka. Ndi nyengo yozizira, nyamazi zimangoyandikira pafupi ndi anthu, chifukwa ndiye zimakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wopeza chakudya chawo.
Kodi titmouse imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tit kuthawa
Amayi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale zili zochepa, mbalamezi zimadula nkhalango, minda, mapaki, ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuchokera ku tizilombo tambiri todetsa nkhawa. Komabe, chakudya cha mbalamezi chimadaliranso nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, ma titmouses amayenera kudya zakudya zamasamba nthawi zambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira mulibe tizilombo, motero mbalame zimayenera kuyendayenda pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa, oats, buledi woyera, chakudya cha ziweto. Chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha mbalame ndi nyama yankhumba. Amangodya yaiwisi yokha. Kuti apeze chakudya, mbalame nthawi zina zimayendera malo otayira zinyalala.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timaphatikizidwa pakudya kwa mbalamezi nthawi yachilimwe, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira:
- agulugufe, mphemvu, nsikidzi;
- cicadas, kafadala wagolide, kafadala wapansi;
- manyong'onong'ono, utawaleza, ma weevils, May beetles, masamba kafadala;
- mavu ndi njuchi;
- nyerere, kabichi, mbozi za silika, ntchentche, ntchentche;
- singano, maluwa, mbewu za rosehip, zipatso zosiyanasiyana.
Amayi amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zokhazokha zokhazokha. Komabe, izi sizowona. Mitundu ina ya mbalame imasaka mosaka, kugwira ndi kudya mileme ing'onoing'ono. Makamaka mbewa izi sizitha kudziteteza munthawi yochepa pambuyo pa kugona.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri cha mbalamezi kusaka tizilombo tosakwanira tomwe timabisala pansi pa khungwa. Nyumba zonyamula katundu zimapachikidwa pansi pamitengo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti afikire nyama yawo mwachangu. Mu tsiku limodzi, kachilombo kakang'ono ka titmouse kamatha kudya tizilombo pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi limodzi. Kulemera kwathunthu kwa nyama tsiku lililonse kumatha kukhala kofanana ndi kulemera kwake kwa tit.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tit ku Russia
Oimira banja la titmouse ndi nyama zokangalika. Zimayenda nthawi zonse. Amakhala mwamtendere, akukhalira m'magulu akulu. Gulu limodzi lotere limatha kuwerengera anthu pafupifupi makumi asanu. Komanso, pakati pa ziwetozi pamakhalanso mbalame za mitundu ina. Mwachitsanzo, nuthatches. Mbalamezi zimaswa ziwirizi m'nyengo yokhwima yokha. Pakadali pano, nyama zimagawana malo odyetserako ziweto. Kwa peyala imodzi, pafupifupi mita makumi asanu zimaperekedwa.
Kuuluka si mbali yamphamvu kwambiri ya titmouse. Iwo sali olimba. Komabe, izi sizisokoneza moyo wa mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, njira zanyama zimakhala ndi mitengo ingapo, mayadi. Katemera wamtunduwu amasuntha kuchokera kumpanda wina kupita kwina, kuchokera pamtengo mpaka mtengo. Mukamauluka, nyama imatha kupeza phindu pogwira tizilombo tomwe tikuuluka.
Amayi samasamukira kwina, koma nthawi zambiri mbalame zosamukasamuka. Pofika chisanu, amasunthira pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Komabe, nthawi zina kusamuka kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Milandu idalembedwa pomwe anthu omwe anali ndi vuto ku Moscow amapezeka ku Europe. Nthawi yamasana, ma titmouses amayang'ana chakudya osati m'mitengo, odyetsa okha. Nthawi zambiri amabwera kunyumba za anthu, kuwuluka m'makonde ndi ma loggias.
Mutu wamtunduwu umakhala wokondwa kwambiri, wodekha, wosangalatsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri sizimasokonekera ndi mbalame ndi nyama zina. Sinichek sasokoneza gulu la anthu. Amatha kudyetsedwa m'manja. Nyama izi zimatha kuwonetsa zokhazokha panthawi yodyetsa ana awo. Ndi oyipa mokwanira ndipo amalowa maphokoso ndi omwe akupikisana nawo, kuwathamangitsa kudera lawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Tit mbalame
Nthawi yodzikongoletsera nyumba zam'madzi imagwa koyambirira kwa masika. M'madera ambiri achilengedwe, kumazizira koyambirira kumayambiriro kwa masika, chifukwa chake mbalame zimatchinga zisa zawo kuti anapiye amtsogolo asazizire. Amayi amamanga chisa awiriawiri, kenako onse akuchita nawo ntchito yolera ana. Nyama zimamanga zisa m'nkhalango yowonda, m'minda, m'mapaki. Zisa zambiri zimapezeka m'mbali mwa mitsinje. Mbalamezi zimayika nyumba yawo pamtunda wa mamita awiri kuchokera pansi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nyumba zosiyidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Pakati pa nthawi yokwanira, titmouses amasandulika zolengedwa zamwano. Amathamangitsa kutali alendo kudera lawo, kuteteza chisa. Nyama zimamanga chisa kuchokera ku nthambi zosiyanasiyana, udzu, moss, mizu. Mkati mwa nyumbayo muli utoto, zoluka, ubweya wa thonje. Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira khumi ndi asanu pa nthawi imodzi. Ndi zoyera, zonyezimira pang'ono. Pamwamba pa mazira pamakhala mabala ang'onoang'ono abulauni. Mbalameyi imaikira mazira kawiri pachaka.
Mazirawo amakula m'masiku khumi ndi atatu. Mkazi amatenga mazira. Pakadali pano, chachimuna chimapeza chakudya cha awiriwo. Ikaswa, yaikazi siyisiya anapiye nthawi yomweyo. M'masiku oyamba, anapiye amakhala okutidwa ndi pang'ono pokha. Kholo likuchita kutentha ana ake. Pakadali pano, yamphongo imayamba kupeza chakudya cha banja lonse.
Nyumba zokhazokha zokhazokha ndizovuta kwambiri, monga mbalame zazikulu. Makolo ayenera kudyetsa pafupifupi makumi anai pa ola limodzi.
Anapiye amakhala odziyimira pawokha masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri atabadwa. Komabe, samangosiya makolo awo nthawi yomweyo. Pafupifupi masiku naini, ma titmouses achichepere amayesetsa kukhala pafupi. Miyezi khumi pambuyo pobadwa, nyama zazing'ono zimakula.
Adani achilengedwe amabele
Chithunzi: Tit ku Moscow
Amayi ndi mbalame zoyenda, zothamanga. Nthawi zambiri samagwa nyama, mbalame kapena anthu. Kutenga tit sikophweka. Komabe, titmouse ndi chakudya chokoma cha mbalame zambiri zodya. Amawombedwa ndi akadzidzi, akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga, akadzidzi a nkhokwe, mphamba, mphungu, ziwombankhanga zagolide. Woodpeckers amathanso kutchedwa mdani. Woodpeckers akuchita nawo chiwonongeko cha zisa.
Agologolo, khosi la nyongolotsi, ndi nyerere zimathandizanso kuwononga zinthu, kuwononga zisa zawo. Nthawi zambiri, ma titmouses amaphedwa ndi utitiri. Nthata zimatha kukhazikika pachisa. Ndiye anapiye achichepere amatha kufa ndi mphamvu yawo. Martens, ferrets ndi weasels mwachangu amasaka mbalame zazing'ono. Nyama izi zimagwira mankhwalawa, ngakhale kuyenda kwawo. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika panthawi yomwe mbalame imasonkhanitsa zinthu zomangira chisa chake kapena imasokonezedwa ndikudya chakudya. Ngati titmouse sichifa chifukwa cha nyama zolusa, ndiye kuti imatha kukhala m'nkhalango pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo chamoyo chitha kukhala chopitilira zaka khumi.
Monga mukuwonera, mawere alibe adani achilengedwe ambiri. Komabe, palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa mbalamezi. Mu 90% ndi njala. Mbalame zambiri zimamwalira nthawi yozizira, pomwe palibe njira yoti tipeze tizilombo, tibzalani chakudya chokha. Mafinya siowopsa pamitengo yayikulu ngati mbalame ikadzaza. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kupanga ndi kudzaza odyetsa nyama panthawi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tit pamtengo
Ma subspecies ambiri amtundu wa tit ndiochulukirapo. Pachifukwa ichi, mitunduyi safuna zoteteza, zoteteza. Chiwerengero cha anthuwa sichikhala chokhazikika. Ndi m'nyengo yozizira yokha pomwe mbalame zimatsika kwambiri. Izi makamaka zimakhudzana ndi njala. Mbalame zimafa chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Pofuna kusunga kuchuluka kwa nyumba zopangira mitu, anthu amafunika kupachika chakudya pamitengo pafupipafupi ndikuwadzaza ndi mbewu, oat, mkate, ndi nyama yankhumba yaiwisi.
Koma palinso zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mitundu ya anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mawere kwawonjezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha mapangidwe amizinda, chitukuko cha ntchito zachuma za anthu. Ngati kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumakhudza anthu a nyama zina, ndiye kuti chifukwa cha ziwetozi zidathandizira kuti pakhale malo atsopano azisaka. Anthu amathandizanso kukhalabe ndi anthu. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimaba chakudya cha ziweto, nthawi yachisanu zimadya kuchokera kwa odyetsa apadera. Alimi, olima minda, ndi okhala kumidzi ali ndi chidwi chofuna kukhala ndi titmice yambiri. Ndi mbalamezi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchotsa nthaka yaulimi ku tizirombo tambiri.
Mkhalidwe wosungira oimira banja la Tit ndi Wosasamala. Zowopsa zakutha kwa mbalamezi ndizotsika kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa chakubala kwachilengedwe kwa chinyama. Zazikazi zimaikira mazira khumi ndi asanu kawiri pachaka. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mubwezeretse mwachangu kuchuluka kwa ziweto pambuyo pa nyengo yovuta.
Nyumba zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakhala mbalame zofulumira, zosangalatsa komanso zamoyo. Amayenda nthawi zonse kukafunafuna tizilombo. Mwa ichi, zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa anthu, kuwononga tizirombo. Komanso, mawere amayimba bwino! Zolemba zawo zimaphatikizapo mawu opitilira makumi anayi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka. Amapanga nyimbo zabwino kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05/17/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 20:29
