Barracuda ndi mtundu wonse, womwe umakhala ndi mitundu 29. Onse ndi ofanana ndipo ndi olusa. Nthawi zina amatchedwa akambuku a m'nyanja chifukwa cha liwiro komanso mphamvu zawo. Zoonadi, nsomba ya barracuda ndi mano ake akuthwa m'mizere iwiri - mvula yamabingu yam'nyanja, kuwopsa nsomba zing'onozing'ono, komanso zazikuluzikulu. Amatha kuvulaza ngakhale nsombazi, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuti asamenyane.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nsomba ya Barracuda
Barracudas amapangidwa ndi ray-ray pamodzi ndi mitundu ina yambiri - chifukwa chake, kusinthika kwawo koyambirira kudachitanso chimodzimodzi. Zotsalira zakale za nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray zidabwerera ku Middle Devonia - pafupifupi zaka 390 miliyoni zapitazo. Patatha zaka 50 miliyoni, adafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, kenako zidagawika - kuphatikiza ntchentche zatsopano, zomwe zimaphatikizapo barracuda. Kale mu nthawi ya Triassic, gulu la nsomba zamathambo lidawonekera - ndikuti nsomba zambiri zomwe zidakalipobe mpaka pano, kuphatikiza barracuda, ndi zawo.
Pakusintha kwina, gulu la mackerel lidapangidwa, lomwe limaphatikizapo banja la barracuda, komanso mtundu wa barracuda kale. Komabe, dongosolo la chisinthiko ndi kuwerengera nthawi sizinafufuzidwe mokwanira. Mitundu yambiri yakufa ya barracuda imadziwika, koma, malinga ndi asayansi, ambiri aiwo apulumuka mpaka lero.
Kanema: Nsomba ya Barracuda
Dzinalo m'Chilatini ndi Sphyraena, mtundu womwe udalandiridwa limodzi ndi kufotokozera kwasayansi komwe kunapangidwa mu 1778 ndi a botanist waku Germany a Jacob Klein. M'zaka zotsatira, mitundu yochulukirapo idafotokozedwa, mwachitsanzo, Sphyraena barracuda mu 1781, Sphyraena jello mu 1829 - ndi zina. Mitundu iwiri yomalizayi yafotokozedwa posachedwa: mu 2005 ndi 2015.
Pali 29 a iwo pakadali pano, koma ndizotheka kuti pakadali mtundu kapena ochepa, akungoyembekezera kuti apatsidwe kafukufuku wasayansi. Kupatula apo, banja ndilochuluka kwambiri, ndipo ndizovuta kusiyanitsa nthumwi kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, komanso, amakhala, kuphatikiza kumayiko omwe sanawerengeredwe.
Mitundu ina yamakono:
- barracuda wamkulu - nthawi zambiri kutalika kwa nsombayi ndi 70-90 sentimita, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 3-8 kg. Nthawi zina, imatha kukula kwambiri mpaka 50 kg. Amapezeka makamaka m'nyanja ya Caribbean;
- guancho - wotsika kuposa wakale m'litali komanso wocheperako, chifukwa chake amalemera pang'ono (nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 1-1.5 kg). Zikuwonekeratu kuti nyama yake siyipangidwe ndi poizoni - chifukwa chake imagwidwa ndikudya mu mawonekedwe owotcha ndi osuta;
- siliva barracuda - kutalika kwake ndi mita 1.1-1.5, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 5-10 kg. Amapezeka kugombe lakumadzulo kwa America, nthawi zambiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Chosangalatsa: Mawu omwewo "barracuda" amakhulupirira kuti adachokera ku barraco yaku Spain, kutanthauza mano opunduka. Anthu aku Spain adapereka atakumana ndi nsombayi, atafika ku Caribbean.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Barracuda mu Nyanja Yofiira
Chofunikira kwambiri pa barracuda ndikutuluka kwa nsagwada, ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe owopsa. Mwa izi amafanana kwambiri ndi ma piki, ngakhale amtundu wawo amakhala akutali kwambiri. Mano omwe ali pakamwa pa barracuda adakonzedwa m'mizere iwiri: yaying'ono kunja, ndi yayikulu kumbuyo kwawo. Thupi limakhala lalitali komanso locheperako mokwanira - mawonekedwewa amafunika kuti athe kudula madzi. Mzere wam'mbali umawonekera bwino. Zipsepse zakuthambo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndikuwoneka mosiyana.
Chifukwa cha mchira wamphamvu kwambiri, barracuda imathamanga kwambiri - imatha kupitilira 40 km / h nsomba zikagunda posaka. Zotsatira zake, barracuda ndi imodzi mwasodzi mwachangu kwambiri, motero zimakhala zovuta kubisala. Chinthu china chosangalatsa: mothandizidwa ndi kusambira chikhodzodzo, barracuda imangoyang'anira kutsika kwa madzi, komanso, ngati kuli koyenera, kusambira m'malo opapatiza, monga mipata pakati pa miyala - chifukwa cha izi amafunika kuphulika. Mwayi wothandiza pakusaka.
Mtundu wakumtunda ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kutengera mitundu: kuyambira yoyera mpaka yakuda, kuphatikiza mitundu yowala ngati yobiriwira. Koma mimba nthawi zonse imakhala yoyera ndipo mbali zake zoyandikana zimakhala zasiliva. Kukula ndi kulemera kwake zimatengera mitundu yomwe barracuda ndi yake, ndipo imatha kusiyanasiyana - komabe, pafupifupi mamembala onse amtunduwu amatha kukhala ndi nsomba zazikulu.
Chochititsa chidwi: Omwe ali ndi mbiri pakati pawo ndi Guinea barracuda (afra) - amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 210, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumafika makilogalamu 60. Ndipo ngakhale aku Europe ndi ang'ono kwambiri kuposa onse, amakula mpaka 50-60 sentimita, ndipo amalemera makilogalamu 4-6 (ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ochulukirapo).
Kodi nsomba za barracuda zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mchere wamchere wa barracuda
Nsomba iyi imakhala m'madzi ofunda a madera otentha ndi otentha, m'nyanja zitatu - simungapeze ku Arctic kokha. Imakhala pafupi pamtunda, siyisambira mozama, pomwe imatha kukhala kunyanja komanso kunyanja, m'madzi osaya.
Mitundu ikuluikulu imakonda kukhala kunyanja, koma ang'onoang'ono amakonda madzi ozizira komanso matope. Amakonda malo okhala ndi malo ambiri okhala: miyala, miyala, nkhalango, chifukwa mutha kubisalamo mukasaka. Chifukwa chake, amapezeka makamaka m'malo osaya, odzaza ndi nyama.
Mitundu 8 imapezeka ku Nyanja Yofiira. Amadziwikanso kunyanja ya Mediterranean, koma osati ochulukirapo, ndipo mitundu yawo ndiyochepa kunyanja iyi - 4 okha, ndipo theka lawo adanyamuka kuchokera ku Red Sea atayamba kulumikizana.
Komanso, nsomba iyi imakonda Nyanja ya Caribbean, chifukwa ili ndi zamoyo zambiri komanso kufalikira kuzilumba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali madzi ambiri osazama pafupi, ndipo iyi ndi paradiso weniweni wa barracudas. Amapezekanso pagombe la Russia ku Nyanja ya Japan.
Zosangalatsa: Evolution idapatsa barracuda chilichonse chomwe mlenje wabwino amafunikira. Awa ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri olowa mwa wozunzidwayo, komanso masomphenya abwino kwambiri, omwe amawalola kuti awone bwino kuposa anthu ena mnyanja nyengo yoipa, kukamwa kumatsekera patangopita ma milliseconds, liwiro linayamba.
Ndi liwiro lomwe limasangalatsa kwambiri: barracuda imatha kufikira 50 km / h ndipo, kuwonjezera pa zipsepse zolimba ndi thupi losinthidwa kuti lizidulira madzi, izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi ntchofu yapadera yomwe imatulutsa, yomwe imachepetsa kulimbikira kwa madzi - ikuphimba thupi la barracuda, zimapangitsa kuti igonjetsedwe pafupifupi kawiri kosavuta.
Kodi nsomba za barracuda zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nsomba ya Barracuda
Menyu ya chirombo ichi ili ndi:
- nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono monga tuna kapena sardine;
- sikwidi;
- nkhanu;
- mphutsi zamagazi;
- caviar.
Iyi ndi nsomba yovuta kwambiri, ndipo tsiku lililonse imasowa makilogalamu angapo a chakudya, chifukwa chake imakhala pafupifupi yotanganidwa nthawi zonse. Barracuda imatha kusaka yokha, kudikirira nyama yobisalira, kubisala m'miyala kapena m'nkhalango, kapena pagulu. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, amenya masukuluwo, ndikuukira mbali zonse, amachititsa mantha pomwe nsomba zina zidzagwera m'mano a osaka. Nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri zimakonda kusaka zokha. Amatha kutsatira wovulalayo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Barracuda ndi anzawo ang'onoang'ono samapewa chidwi - choyambirira, ndikukula kokha. Chilombocho chimatha kuwagwira ndikudya nawo, nawonso, ngati atayang'anitsitsa, motero kusaka kosungulumwa kawirikawiri kumafunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuti isakhudzidwe ndi ina. Ndipo pali zoopsa mgulu: ngati barracuda avulala panthawi yakusaka ndikufooka, anthu amtundu mnzake amathanso kung'amba ndikudya. Ponena za kukhetsa magazi komanso nkhanza, ndizofanana ndi nsombazi, ndipo alibe mbiri yofananira chifukwa chochepa chabe.
Amathanso kuwukira nsomba zazikulu kwambiri kuposa iwowo - pamenepa, zimaukira gulu limodzi ndikuluma mwankhanza mpaka kufa. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zazikulu zomwe zavulazidwa kale ndikufooka nazo zimakumana ndi ziwopsezo zotere.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Barracuda ku Pacific Ocean
Nthawi zambiri, barracuda imangoyandama kapena kubisalira, kudikirira nyama. Itha kukhala yogwira masana ndi usiku - zimadalira osati nthawi yamasana, koma nyengo. Nyengo yoyipa, nyanja ikasokonezeka, imayamba kuvuta, chilakolako chake chimakula. Mphepo yamkuntho ikakhala yamphamvu, imalowa m'madzi osaya ndikubisala pamafunde omwe amapezeka. M'nyanja bata, kusaka kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kumakhala kosavuta kuti wovulalayo azizindikira pasadakhale. Chifukwa chake, tsikulo litafika ndipo nyanja ili bata, barracuda amakonda kupuma, ndikupita kukasaka pokhapokha nthawi iyi ichedwa, ndipo amayamba kumva njala.
Kwa anthu, nsomba izi nthawi zambiri sizikhala zowopsa - ngakhale ziweto zawo zingawoneke zowopsa, chifukwa nsomba zazikulu ndizotalika ngati munthu, koma sizisaka anthu. Zowona, nthawi zina ziwopsezo zimachitika: chifukwa chake chimatha kukhala madzi matope, chifukwa chake barracuda imasokoneza munthu ndi ena okhala munyanja.
Amathanso kumenya munthu ngati ndi amene amachita nkhanza: amamuthamangitsa pakona kapena kumumenya. Zikatero, imaluma kuti itetezedwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri imangokhala kuluma kamodzi - ngati ikutha kuthawa, imathawa. Kuvulala komwe nsombayi idasiya ndi kowopsa chifukwa cha mano akuthwa - amasiya kutumbuka ndikuwononga mitsempha yamagazi.
Nthawi yomweyo, ngati munthu sakuwonetsa chiwawa ndipo barracuda amamuwona bwino, atha kuchotsedwa patali, iyenso amayandikira anthu ndikuwayang'ana mwachidwi. Koma khalidwe limadaliranso ndi mitundu - mwachitsanzo, barracuda wachikasu ndiwowopsa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Malek nsomba barracuda
Kawirikawiri barracuda amasunga mapaketi, koma alibe mtundu wina wolowezana komanso mayendedwe ovuta, ndipo izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakusaka pamodzi. Nsomba zikuluzikulu zimakhala zokha. Koma ngakhale nsomba imodzi imasonkhana m'masukulu kuti ibereke. Sipanaphunzirebe kuti ndi nthawi iti ya chaka yomwe imachitika komanso chomwe chimafunikira koyambira nthawi ino.
Feteleza ndi yakunja, mazira atha kukhala kuchokera ku 5,000 mwa akazi achichepere mpaka 300,000 mwa akulu kwambiri komanso okhwima. Pambuyo pa umuna wa makolo, tsogolo la mazira silimasangalalanso, limayandama mwaulere. Poyamba, mwachangu amakhala pafupi ndi gombe, ndipo amayamba kusaka posachedwa, pokhala ochepa kukula.
Poyamba, amakhala m'madzi osaya, koma akukula mpaka masentimita 8-10, amasunthira patali. Akamakula, amasunthira patali kwambiri kuchokera kugombe, ndipo atakwanitsa theka la mita kukula kwake amatha kusambira m'nyanja ndikuthamangitsa nyama zowopsa. Zonse pamodzi, barracuda amakhala zaka 8-14.
Chosangalatsa: Kuyambira maulendo oyamba aku Europe kupita ku New World, barracuda adadziwika ndi iwo. Lord de Rochefort mu 1665 adamufotokozera kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zoyipa kwambiri zam'nyanja, othamangitsa mwamphamvu anthu m'madzi ndikukonda kudya mnofu wa munthu.
Lingaliro la barracuda, lomwe lidayamba makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owopsa, komanso mothandizidwa ndi milandu yakuzunza anthu, lidakhalapo mpaka m'zaka za zana la 20. Kumlingo wina, ndizowona, komabe nkhani zakukwiya kwake komanso kuwukira kwapadera anthu ndizokokomeza kwakukulu.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba za barracuda
Chithunzi: Nsomba ya Barracuda
Barracuda ilibe otsutsana naye m'chilengedwe omwe angawasakire mwadala - sapezeka m'mimba mwa shark ndi anamgumi opha, chifukwa chake ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti barracudas sanaphatikizidwe pazakudya zawo. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira kuposa nsomba zina. Caviar ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndizowopsa kwambiri - pali anthu ambiri omwe amafuna kuzidya m'nyanja, chifukwa chake gawo laling'ono la ma barracudas omwe amabadwa kale amakhala ndi moyo mpaka kukhwima. Ambiri mwa omwe amadya nyama zam'madzi amatha kudya ma caviar ndi barracuda mwachangu.
Koma omalizawa mwachangu amasiya kukhala opanda chitetezo: ali ndi zaka zingapo zamasabata amatha kudziteteza ku nsomba zina zodya anzawo. Zikakhala choncho, ndiwo nyama zazikuluzikulu zokha zomwe zimawopseza, ndipo akamakula, ochepa mwa iwo amatha kuopseza barracuda wachichepere. Akakhala wamkulu, ndiye kuti pali zovuta ziwiri zokha - bambo ndi barracudas ena. Omalizawa amawonetsa kukwiya makamaka akawona nsomba zovulala, zomwe zimatha kukhala nyama yosavuta, nthawi zina sizimenya nawo nkhondo ngakhale zitakhala zazikulu.
Chosangalatsa: Lingaliro lowukira barracuda liyenera kupangidwa mu zana la sekondi, ndipo mu ichi limadalira pakuwona, chifukwa chake zinthu zonyezimira zimatha kuyambitsa kuukira kwake. Ngati muwachotsa onse asanabatizidwe m'madzi, sizokayikitsa kuti awonetsa chiwawa.
Zowopsa zitha kupewedweratu ngati madzi ali omveka - powona kuti pali wina patsogolo pawo, ma barracuda samafuna kumuukira, ndipo nthawi zambiri nthawi yomweyo sawonetsa mantha, kuwalola kuti awunikidwe pafupi. Barracuda wadzutsidwa yekha ndi amene angawonetse udani - ndipo titha kumvetsetsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mchere wamchere wa barracuda
Palibe chomwe chingawopseze kuchuluka kwa ma barracudas - nyama zolusa izi zimatha kudzisamalira, ndipo ambiri aiwo siosodza mwachangu. Barracudas amakhala m'malo abwino: m'malo awo, ali m'gulu la mitundu yayikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi mphamvu zawo, koma nthawi yomweyo sizikhala zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti sizimapezeka.
Kupatula apo, nyama zolusa zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimafunikira gawo lalikulu komanso chakudya chochuluka, chifukwa chake pali ena mwa iwo, ndi barracudas palibe chonga ichi: munyanja zazing'ono, ambiri a iwo akhoza kukhala ndi moyo. Kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa barracuda komanso mitundu yake payokha ndizosatheka, koma mulimonsemo, palibe mtundu umodzi womwe uli m'gulu la omwe ali pangozi - nsomba iyi imaberekanso mwachangu komanso moyenera, ndipo mamiliyoni ambiri a barracudas mwina amasambira kudutsa kukula kwa nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu ina ya barracuda ndiosafunikira kudya chifukwa chiwindi ndi caviar zawo ndi zakupha. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa mitundu yomwe nthumwi zake zimadya zitosi zomwe zili ndi poizoni kwa anthu ndipo zimaunjikira ciguatoxin. Chifukwa cha poyizoni nawo, colic, nseru ndi kusanza kumatha kuchitika, nthawi zina ngakhale imfa imatha.
Koma mitundu ina ya barracuda imadya, ndipo nyama yake ndi yofewa komanso yokoma, chifukwa chake ili ndi malo ofunikira m'makasitomala a anthu ambiri padziko lapansi omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pali mbale zosiyanasiyana ndi barracuda zomwe muyenera kuyesa: ndi zabwino zokazinga komanso zophika, ndi bowa, mumsuzi wokoma ndi pasitala.
Nyama zam'madzi zowopsa, ma barracudas amafunika kusamala - ngati zikudziwika kuti amapezeka m'malo osambira, ndibwino kufotokozera momwe mitunduyi ingakhalire yolusa ndikuwona zofunikira zachitetezo. Koma nthawi zambiri samawonetsa udani mwadala kwa anthu, zomwe sizinganenedwe za okhala munyanja, omwe nthawi zambiri amavutika nawo. Nsomba ya Barracuda - chilombo chogwira mtima kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa kwa aliyense, popanda kusiyanitsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05/26/2019
Tsiku losintha: 20.09.2019 nthawi 20:59
