Mpheta ndi mbalame yomwe munthu aliyense wakumanapo nayo. Mbalame yaying'ono yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamitengo yomwe ikukula pabwalo, mlengalenga wamasiku oyandikira ofunda, nyengo yamvula yoyandikira. Komwe amadyetsa, mpheta yolira imamveka pafupipafupi, ndipo masika akuyandikira, kulira kwawo mokondwera kumamveka kulikonse.
Mpheta-mbalame-mpheta zinakhala ngwazi za nthano, nthano, mwambi, nyimbo zamiyendo, mwambi komanso zizindikilo zowerengeka. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino za moyo wa mbalame yaying'ono iyi, koma yopanda tanthauzo komanso yotchuka kwambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mpheta
Mpheta ndi mbalame yofala kwambiri kuchokera ku banja lodziwika bwino lopitilira.
Amati wakuba wodutsa adapereka dzina kwa mbalameyi. Zidachitika panthawi yomwe nthengayo idaba mpukutu kwa ophika buledi, ndipo adafuwula pambuyo pake: "Menya wakuba!" Kotero mpheta inadzitcha dzina.
Akatswiri a mbalame amadziwika za mitundu 22 ya mbalamezi, zisanu ndi zitatu mwa izo zimakhala pafupi, nthawi zambiri mitundu ya mpheta ingapezeke:
- brownie;
- munda;
- wamabere akuda;
- mwala;
- mutu wofiira;
- matalala;
- chala chachifupi;
- Dothi laku Mongolia.
Maonekedwe a mpheta amadziwika kwa pafupifupi aliyense kuyambira ali mwana. Ndi mbalame yaing'ono, koma mlomo wake ndi waukulu kwambiri. Mitundu ya mpheta imayang'aniridwa ndi imvi, zofiirira komanso zofiirira. Mtundu uliwonse wopita uli ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera, ena tidzawafotokozera.
Kanema: Mpheta
Mpheta yamabele akuda imakhala ndi mutu wam'mutu, khosi, mapiko ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu. Kudera lakumbuyo, malo owala a motley amawoneka. Mbali ndi masaya a mpheta ndi kuwala kwamitundu. Chifuwa, pakhosi, theka la bere ndi lakuda wakuda. Mapikowo amakhala ndi mzere wakuda wakuda. Amuna amawoneka okongola kwambiri komanso owala kuposa akazi.
Mpheta yachisanu (finch) imakongoletsedwa ndi mapiko atali akuda ndi oyera ndi mchira waimvi wokhala ndi nthenga zopepuka m'mphepete mwake. Kanthu kakang'ono kamaonekera pakhosi pa mpheta imeneyi.
Mpheta yamiyala ndi yayikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abale ake, chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi mbalameyi ndi chingwe chachikulu chopyola korona, ndipo mlomo wake ndi bulauni wonyezimira. Chifuwa ndi pakhosi ndizamawangamawanga, chotupacho chimakongoletsedwa ndi chidutswa cha utoto wowala wa mandimu.
Mpheta ya ginger imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa mabokosi, nape, kumbuyo ndi mapiko a mthunzi uwu. Mkazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi bere loyera kapena la bulauni.
Mpheta yaifupi ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, mtundu wa nthenga zake ndi mchenga, mikwingwirima yaying'ono yopepuka imatha kuwoneka pakhosi ndi kumapeto kwa mchira.
Mpheta yadothi yaku Mongolia ili ndi mtundu wosasunthika wa imvi, pali mawanga opepuka, koma amaoneka ofooka kwambiri, chifukwa chake nthawi zina sawoneka konse.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya mpheta
Maonekedwe a mpheta amadziwika kwa ife kuyambira ubwana. Ndi kambalame kakang'ono kokhala ndimayendedwe abulauni, abulauni ndi imvi. Mapiko a mpheta amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yopepuka yomwe imawonekera ndi timadontho. Mutu, pamimba ndi malo ozungulira makutu a mpheta ndi ofiira kapena owoneka ofiira.
Mlomo waukulu wakuda umawonekera bwino pamutu wawung'ono wa mbalameyo. Mchira wa mpheta siutali, ndipo kutalika konse kwa thupi la mpheta kumatha kufikira masentimita 15, thupi lake limakhala pafupifupi magalamu 35. Mapiko a mpheta amafika masentimita 26 m'litali mwake.
Mpheta yachikazi imatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi yamphongo osati kukula kokha (ndiyochepa pang'ono), komanso mtundu, womwe umakhala wokongola kwambiri mwa wamphongo. Ili ndi mawanga owala pachibwano ndi pachifuwa omwe samawoneka mwa akazi.
Maso a mpheta ali ndi malire ofiira ofiira. Miyendo ya mpheta ndi yaifupi, yopyapyala komanso yokhala ndi zikhadabo zofooka. Nthawi zambiri timawona mpheta zakutchire ndi nyumba. Kusiyana kwa mitunduyu sikovuta kuizindikira. Mpheta yamphongo yamwamuna imavala chipewa chakuda, ndipo mpheta yakumunda imavala chokoleti. Pamapiko a mpheta zapanyumba pali mzere umodzi wopepuka, ndipo pamapiko a mpheta zam'munda muli awiriwo. Mpheta yam'munda imakhala yolimba pamasaya ake ndi kolala yoyera pakhosi pake. Mpheta ya nyumbayi ndi yayikulu kuposa mnzake wam'munda.
Pali ma vertebrae ochulukirapo kuwirikiza msana wamphepete mwa msana wopitilira monga mu thonje lalitali.
Kodi mpheta imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mpheta za Moscow
Ndikosavuta kulembetsa malo omwe simudzapeza mpheta, chifukwa Amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse, ngakhale mpheta siimakonda nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Mpheta amatha kutchedwa mnzake, amakhala bwino, kumidzi komanso kumizinda ikuluikulu.
Mpheta zinakhazikika pamtunda, m'nkhalango, komanso kumtunda kwa Australia. Malo ogawa mpheta ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Amakhudza madera kuyambira kumadzulo kwa Europe mpaka Nyanja ya Okhotsk palokha, mpheta imapezeka ku Central ndi East Asia, ndipo mbalameyi sinadutse amayi a Siberia.
Dera lokhazikika lingasankhidwe potengera mtundu uliwonse:
- nyumba ya mpheta ndi nzika yakomweko ku Eurasia, mdziko lathu imapezeka kulikonse, kupatula gawo lakumpoto chakum'mawa ndi tundra;
- mpheta yachisanu imakhala ku Caucasus ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Altai Territory;
- mpheta yam'munda yamwazika ku Eurasia ndi North America;
- mpheta yofiira kudera la Russia yasankha zilumba za Kuril ndi kumwera kwa Sakhalin;
- mpheta yadothi yaku Mongolia imapezeka ku Transbaikalia, ku Republic of Tuva komanso ku Altai;
- Mpheta wofiira wakuda amakhala kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya Africa komanso ku Eurasia;
- mpheta yamwala inalembedwa ku Altai Territory, kumunsi kwa Volga, ku Transbaikalia, ku Caucasus;
- Mpheta yachidule imakhala mu Dagestan, chifukwa imakonda mapiri a miyala.
Zikuwoneka kuti mpheta zimakhala paliponse, zimawoneka zitakhala padenga, panthambi yamtengo pafupi ndi zenera, zikungowuluka, kumenya nkhondo pafupi ndi wodyetsa, kulumpha phula, kulira m'munda, kukhala kumunda. Tazolowera kwambiri timbalame ting'onoting'ono kotero kuti mpheta kwa ife imawerengedwa kuti ndi chinthu (china) chofala komanso chatsiku ndi tsiku.
Kodi mpheta imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mpheta m'nyengo yozizira
Mpheta ingatchedwe yopatsa chidwi; kambalame kakang'ono kameneka sichakudya. Mndandanda wa mpheta umakhala ndi zinyenyeswazi, mbewu zosiyanasiyana, tizilombo, zipatso, zipatso, ndi zotsalira za chakudya cha anthu. Mpheta singatchedwe yamanyazi kwambiri. Ambiri mwina awonapo momwe mbalame zamtunduwu zimapempherera chakudya m'malo okwerera, kuchokera kwa okwera omwe akudikirira mayendedwe awo.
Anthu amathyola mipukutu, ma pie, mpheta zimayesetsa kuwalekanitsa ndi gulu lonse, chifukwa alibe umbombo. Mpheta musazengereze kuwona zotsalira za zakudya zina m'malo omwera a chilimwe, ndipo amatha kuba kanyumba patebulo. Amasamalira chakudya chatsopano, chosazolowereka mosamala, amafufuza mosamala, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, samadya konse.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakhala zovuta; ambiri mwa iwo amatha kuwonekera kwa odyetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri gulu la mpheta likamawonekera, mawere amauluka, uyu ndiye wakuba komanso wamoyo wa mpheta.
M'nyengo yozizira, mu chisanu choopsa komanso chipale chofewa chachikulu, mpheta zambiri zimamwalira, chifukwa palibe komwe zingapeze chakudya chawo, chifukwa chake anthu ayenera kusamalira mbalamezo poyika odyetsa ndi chakudya.
M'mudzi nthawi yotentha, mpheta zimakhala bwino. Minda yadzaza ndi chakudya chawo. Mpheta zimakonda kwambiri yamatcheri, currants, mphesa. Kawirikawiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amadandaula za iwo, chifukwa chakuti amakoka zipatso zambiri. Kumbali ina, mpheta zimapha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timawononga mbewu.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuthamangitsa mpheta m'munda mothandizidwa ndi scarecrow ndi bizinesi yopanda phindu, mbalameyo siyiwopa konse. Ili ndi mndandanda wosiyanasiyana wa mpheta, zomwe zimadalira zomwe anthu amakonda.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mpheta ya nyumba ya mbalame
Mpheta ndizopusa, zodzikweza, zosavomerezeka komanso tambala. Komwe kuli ambiri, phokoso, kulira, kulira, kulira nthawi zonse kumalamulira. Khalidwe la mpheta likulimbana, pang'ono pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amasuntha mbalame zina kudera lililonse.
Mpheta zimakhala m'magulu, chifukwa ana awo okulirapo amakhalabe ndi makolo awo, kenako gululo limakula chaka chilichonse. Utali wa mpheta ndi waufupi, ndi zaka pafupifupi zisanu zokha, zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala mpaka 10. Sizipezekanso.Magulu am'banja m'mapheta ndi olimba, opangika kwa moyo wonse waufupi.
Mpheta ndi mbalame yokhazikika, yomwe imakonda kukhala m'dera lomwelo, chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika ndewu zoopsa komanso kuwombana kwamphamvu ndi alendo.
Chisa cha mpheta chingapezeke kulikonse:
- pa khonde;
- m'chipinda cham'mwamba;
- kuseli kwa chimango cha zenera;
- m'nyumba ya mbalame;
- mu dzenje laling'ono;
- mu chisa chakumeza chameza.
Mpheta yam'munda nthawi zambiri imakhala m'misasa ya mbalame zazikulu (egrets, ziwombankhanga, adokowe, mbalame). Chifukwa chake, mpheta yochenjera ili pansi pa chitetezo cha mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimawonerera ana awo, nthawi yomweyo kuyang'anira wopitayo.
M'banja la mpheta, sanamvepo za bata ndi bata, nthawi zonse pamakhala phokoso komanso kulira kopanda mpumulo, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe mabanja omwe angopangidwa kumene amapangidwa. Mu gulu lirilonse mumakhala mpheta yochezera, yomwe pamalo ake imayang'anitsitsa zachilengedwe, kuchenjeza achibale ake za chiwopsezo chaching'ono ndi kufuula kwake kokometsa. Ikumva, gululo limabalalika msanga.
Mpheta ndizokonda kwambiri, chifukwa amayang'ana padziko lapansi kudzera pamagalasi ofiira, umu ndi momwe zida zawo zowonera zimakonzedwera.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mpheta ziwiri
Monga tanenera kale, mpheta ndi mbalame yophunzirira, yomwe imangokhala, yomwe imakhala mdera lina, lomwe sililekerera kulowererapo. Pawiri za mpheta ndizolimba kwambiri, mbalame zimapanga banja limodzi mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku awo. Mapangidwe awiriawiri nthawi zambiri amayamba m'masiku otsiriza kwambiri a dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika.
Kenako kulira kwa mpheta komanso kulira kopanda phokoso kumamveka kulikonse. Oyendetsa ndege omwe amanyengerera azimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala akumenyana, chifukwa chake zochitika zanyengo zakunyengazi ndizosapeweka. Banja latsopanoli likuyamba kumanga chisa, chomwe chidakonzeka kumapeto kwa Marichi. Chisa cha mpheta ndi chaching'ono, chokhwimitsa, chopindika ndi udzu, nthambi zazing'ono, nthenga ndi udzu wouma.
Mu Epulo, chachikazi chimayamba kuikira mazira, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwawo sikupitilira 8. Amakhala oyera ndi utoto wokutidwa ndi timiyala tofiira. Onse makolo amaswa mazira motsatana, ntchito yonseyi imatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Anapiye aswedwa amabadwa pafupifupi amaliseche, ma fluff awo ndi osowa, pakamwa pawo chikaso chachikulu zimawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Mpheta ndi makolo osamalitsa omwe amadyetsa ana awo limodzi, mosalekeza amawabweretsera mitundu yonse ya tizilombo.
Nthawi yodyerayi imatenga milungu yopitilira iwiri. Makanda akangokhala ndi masiku 10 okha, amayamba kale kupanga ndege zawo zoyambirira. Chakumapeto kwa Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mpheta zazing'ono zimayamba kusiya zisa zawo za makolo. Atachoka pachisa, achichepere amakhalabe m'gulu, kenako ndikupanga mabanja awo. Makolo posachedwa ayambanso kupanga zowalamulira zatsopano; nthawi yotentha akhoza kukhala angapo (pafupifupi atatu).
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pakati pa mpheta, chitsitsimutso chimabweranso, kulira mokweza, komanso chibwenzi cha akazi chimayambiranso. Mbalamezi zikuyambanso kumanga zisa, ana omwe amayembekezeredwa masika okhawo, ndipo nyumba zokongolazi, zomwe zidakonzedweratu zidzakhala pothawirapo nyengo yozizira komanso yophukira.
Adani achilengedwe a mpheta
Chithunzi: Mpheta mwachilengedwe
Ngakhale mawonekedwe a mpheta ndi tambala komanso olimba mtima, mbalame yaying'onoyi ili ndi adani ambiri. Amphaka opanda pokhala amakonda kwambiri kusaka mpheta, ndipo ziweto sizidana nazo posaka mbalamezi. Galu wosochera amasangalalanso kudya mpheta ngati ali ndi mwayi wokwanira kuigwira. Masana, mpheta zimatha kuzunzidwa ndi mpheta, yomwe nthawi zonse imawombera mwadzidzidzi komanso kuthamanga kwa mphezi, kugwira mbalame modzidzimutsa.
Nthawi zambiri, ndipo mpheta itaima mosamala ilibe nthawi yodzuka ndi kuchenjeza amtundu anzawo omwe akupanga phokoso. Usiku, mpheta zimakhala chakudya cha akadzidzi. Zomwe, ndi maso awo akuthwa, zimatha kuzindikira mbalame zazing'onozi. Nthawi zina akadzidzi amalira mokuwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawopsyeza mpheta ndikupangitsa mbalamezo kutuluka mnyumba zawo, kenako ndikumenya mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimawopa.
Nkhandwe yochenjerayi imathanso kuwononga mpheta, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawononga zisa zawo komanso anapiye ake. Marten amathanso kuwopseza mpheta, chifukwa chimayenda mwangwiro mu chisoti chachifumu cha mitengo. Ma Hedgehogs, agologolo ndi ma ferrets sadzakana konse chotupitsa cha dzira ngati apeza chisa.
Mavuto okhala ndi mpheta amayambitsanso kufa kwa mbalamezi. Nthawi zambiri, anapiye ongobadwa kumene amagwa kuchokera ku zisa, zomwe zimapangitsa anawo kufa. Mpheta zambiri (makamaka zazing'ono) sizikhala ndi moyo mpaka masika, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zovuta kuti mbalame zizitha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, yachisanu komanso chipale chofewa.
Ndizosatheka kupeza chakudya m'malo ovuta chonchi, mbalame zikudikirira thandizo kuchokera kwa anthu, zikuwunika mosamala kukonzanso kwa odyetsawo. M'madera akumidzi, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mpheta zizikhala m'nyengo yozizira, komwe zimapeza chakudya m'nkhokwe ndi masheya, momwe mumakonda kusungidwa tirigu. Umu ndi momwe moyo wa mbalame zazing'onozi, womwe adani awo alili ovuta, ndi wovuta.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya mpheta
Gulu lankhondo la mpheta ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndilofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa mpheta sikukuwopsezedwa ndi dziko lakunja, kutha kwa mbalame zazing'onozi sikuwopsezedwa konse, mpheta sizitetezedwa kwina kulikonse.
Maganizo a anthu kwa mpheta ndi awiriawiri. Kumbali imodzi, ndizopindulitsa, kudya tizirombo tambiri tambiri, kwinakwake, mpheta zambirimbiri zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mbewu yonse. Zipatso zambiri, zipatso ndi mbewu zimatha kudyedwa pafupifupi ndi mpheta. Izi ndizovutanso chifukwa chakuti mpheta saopa munthu, chifukwa chake, ziwopsezo zosiyanasiyana zam'munda ndi zam'munda sizigwira ntchito pa iye.
Musakhale otsutsana ndi mpheta. Tiyenera kukumbukira nkhani yomwe idachitika ku China, pomwe anthu adayamba kupha mbalame chifukwa chakulowa kwawo m'minda ya mpunga. Achi China adazindikira kuti mpheta imatha kuwuluka mosalekeza kwa mphindi zopitilira 15, chifukwa chake adayendetsa mbalame zosaukazo mpaka kufa, osazilola kukhala pansi.
Mpheta zambiri zinafa, koma adani obisala anadza m'malo mwawo - tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, tomwe tinayamba kukhala omasuka, tk. mbalame sizinkawaopsezanso. Anawononga zokolola zonse, motero chaka chanjala chowopsa chomwe chidapha anthu aku China oposa 30,000. Mwachiwonekere, ndiye kuti anthu adazindikira kulakwitsa kwawo, koma mtengo wake unali wowopsa kwambiri.
Lero palibe chomwe chiopseza mpheta, malo omwe amagawidwa ndi ochulukirapo, ndipo anthu ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Mpheta siyosowa kwenikweni, tazolowera kwambiri mbalamezi zomwe zimayandikira kwakuti, nthawi zina, sitimamvetsera.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi mpheta Odzikongoletsa kwambiri, olimba mtima komanso tambala, sizachabe kuti ndiye ngwazi zanthano, zojambula ndi nthano. Simuyenera kukwiyitsidwa ndi mpheta yopanda nzeru komanso kuba, chifukwa, nthawi zina, kusamvera, kusazindikira komanso luso lomwe limathandiza mbalame zazing'onozi kukhala m'malo ovuta. Pamapeto pake, ndikufuna kutchula mwambi wodziwika bwino womwe umafotokoza kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi: "Palibe nthambi ngati yomwe mpheta siyikhala."
Tsiku lofalitsa: Meyi 14, 2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 17:57
