Malo ogona m'munda amawoneka ngati nyama yapadera. Iye ndi woimira makoswe. Nyamayo imakhala ndi moyo wobisika, usiku. Chifukwa cha ichi, ambiri sanamvepo za chilombo chotere. Nyumbayi idatchulidwapo chifukwa chakuti, popeza idapeza mafuta ochulukirapo, imadzigwetsa ndikugwa mpaka masika.
M'mbuyomu, nyama zazing'ono zokongolazi, zowoneka ngati mbewa zomwe zimasintha malaya aubweya, zinali zofala kwambiri. Komabe, lero adatchulidwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse. Nyamazo zinawonongedwa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ndizonyamula matenda opatsirana, komanso chifukwa chakuti zimawononga kwambiri nthaka yaulimi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Garden dormouse
Malo ogona amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwazoyimira zakale kwambiri zamtundu wa mbewa. Aristotle anatchula izi m'malemba ake. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek wakale, dzina lake limatanthauza "nyama yokongola, yokongola, yokongola".
Ofufuzawo akuti makolo akale a nyama zazing'ono zokongolazi adabadwa zaka zopitilira 6,000,000 zapitazo ku Eocene. Mtundu wa Gliravus ndiye adayambitsa mbewa izi. Oimira izi akhalapo padziko lapansi kwazaka pafupifupi 20,000,000. Pambuyo pake, adadzetsa mtundu wanyumba zodyeramo nkhalango. Awa ndi oimira achikale kwambiri m'banja logona.
Kanema: Nyumba yogona dimba
Malinga ndi chidziwitso choyambirira, makolo akale am'nyumba yogona dormouse amakhala mdera la kum'mawa kwa Eurasia ndi Africa. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama akuwona kuti maluwa ndi kufalitsa kwakukulu kwa dormice imagwera nthawi ya Miocene. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe mtundu wamagona ogawika udagawika m'magulu opitilira khumi ndi awiri. Pakadali pano pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha ya nyama zomwe zidalipo kale. Zinyama zili m'gulu la nyama, makoswe. Ndiwoyimira banja la dormouse, mtundu wa dormouse yam'munda.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Malo osungira nyama
Mwakuwoneka, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbewa zaimvi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 14.5-15.5. Kulemera kwa thupi magalamu 55-150. Nyama zimakhala ndi mchira wautali, wowonda kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndipo ndi masentimita 11-13. Mchira mumakhala tsitsi lalifupi, logawanikana ponseponse. Pamapeto pake, ubweyawo umasonkhanitsidwa mu burashi yaying'ono, yofewa. Mchira nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mitundu itatu ya malaya. Pansi pake, pamakhala pinki yoyera. Ndi imvi mbali zonse ziwiri komanso bulauni pansi.
Miyendo ndi yosafanana kutalika. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo ili ndi zala zinayi. Chala chachitatu ndi chachinayi chimasiyanitsidwa kutsogolo - ndizitali. Pamiyendo yakumbuyo, chala chachinayi chimakhala chachitali kuposa zinazo. Mapazi ndi opapatiza, opingika. Mphuno ndi yozungulira, yosongoka pang'ono. Malo ogona ogona m'mundawu ali ndi makutu akulu ozungulira komanso maso akulu akuda. Mphuno imakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Chovalacho ndi chachifupi, cholimba komanso chofewa. Mtunduwo umatha kukhala wosiyana kutengera mawonekedwe anyengo. Amadziwika kwambiri ndi ubweya wakuda kapena bulauni. Dera la pamimba, khosi, chifuwa ndi ziwalo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi la mthunzi wowala, pafupifupi woyera. Mbali yapadera ya dormouse yamaluwa ndi mzere wakuda womwe umayambira kudera lamaso kupita kumbuyo kwakhutu. Achinyamata a dormouse yamaluwa amakhala ndi mitundu yowala, yosiyanitsa mitundu. Ndi ukalamba, mithunzi ya malaya imachedwa.
Kodi dormouse amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Garden Book dormouse
Nyumbayi imagona makamaka m'nkhalango, makamaka m'malo athyathyathya, kapena amapiri ochepa. Amatha kukhala m'minda yosiyidwa.
Malo okhala dormouse yam'munda:
- zigawo zakumpoto kwa Africa;
- gawo lakummawa kwa Europe;
- Altai;
- pafupifupi zigawo zonse za Belarus;
- gawo lina la Russia - madera a Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, dera la m'munsi mwa Urals, dera la Lower Kama;
- madera ena a Asia Minor;
- China;
- Japan.
Nyumba yogona dimba imakonda nkhalango, momwe mumakhala mitengo yambiri. Zosapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango ndi ma conifers. Nthawi zambiri amasankha malo okhala minda yosiyidwa kapena malo olimapo ngati malo okhala. Amakonda malo okhala ndi zitsamba zazitali, zowirira. Minda ya zipatso ndi madera a paki yamatauni nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati malo okhala.
Sachita mantha ndi anthu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Palinso milandu yodziwika bwino yanyumba yanyumba yogona. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ndi achinyamata okha omwe amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, makoswe ang'ono awa samakonda kwenikweni munthu wina akawakhudza.
Kodi dormouse amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Malo ogona agalu
Dormouse yam'munda amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yopatsa chidwi. Amadya zonse zakudya zamasamba komanso nyama. Akatswiri a zinyama amati mtundu uwu wa chakudya ndiwo gawo lalikulu la zakudya.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya zanyama:
- mazira a mbalame;
- anapiye anagwa pachisa;
- mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana;
- dzombe;
- mbozi;
- zipatso;
- zipatso;
- agulugufe usiku;
- kafadala, akangaude, mphutsi, nyongolotsi;
- Nkhono;
- masamba;
- zipatso;
- mbewu;
- mizu;
- mphukira zazing'ono zamitundumitundu.
Chifukwa chobisala, anthu ambiri amadya chilimwe nthawi zonse, ndipo ena amakonda kuperekanso zinthu. Masheya am'munda wamagalimoto, monga hazel dormouse, amawonongedwa koyambirira kwa masika. Kapangidwe ka miyendo ya dormouse kumathandizira kuti chakudya chizikhala pansi. Amawonedwanso ngati osaka aluso. Amatha kugwira mbalame yaying'ono, kapena gulugufe. Amatha kukwera mitengo posaka zisa za mbalame.
Amamwa mazira a mbalame popanga mabowo m'mano mwake. Momwemonso, amadya nkhono, kuluma kudzera m'zipolopolo. Pakati pa nthawi ya njala ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, milandu yosaka ngakhale mbewa zakutchire imadziwika. Mbali yapadera ndiyakuti ngakhale ndi chakudya chambiri chambiri, mbewu ndi zipatso, amafunikira kudya kwanthawi zonse chakudya chanyama. Ngati makoswe samadya chakudya cha masiku 5-7, amagwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Garden dormouse
Malo okhala dormouse nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku. Nyama zimasakanso ndikupeza chakudya usiku. Komabe, nthawi yakwati, yomwe imagwera nthawi yachilimwe-chilimwe, amatha kukhala otakataka masana. Makoswe amaonedwa ngati nyama zokha. Magulu afupikitsa amapangidwa kokha mukamakwatirana. Komabe, amakhala osakhalitsa.
Monga malo okhalamo, komanso nyumba zogona m'nkhalango, amatha kusankha mabowo opanda mbewa, maenje a agologolo, zisa za mbalame, mitima yovunda. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa madenga kapena ming'alu ya nyumba zogona. Nyumba ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Pakukonzekera kwake, dormouse yam'munda imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Masamba, udzu, moss, ubweya wa nyama kapena nthenga za mbalame ndizoyenera izi.
M'nyengo yonse yotentha, ziweto zimadya kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mafuta, komanso zimakonzekeretsa nyumba zawo. Kupulumuka kwa nyamayo nthawi yozizira kwambiri kumatengera momwe nyumbayo ingakhalire yodalirika komanso yopanda chitetezo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa anthu atatu aliwonse amafa ndi chisanu choopsa, ngati pogona palibe zokwanira. Kukula kwachinyamata kuchokera kunyalala kumabisala pamodzi. Chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kuti iwo azikhala mnyumba yomweyo, kutenthetsana. Mnyumba yogona dormouse kugona, kupindika, miyendo yolowera, ndi kubisala kumbuyo kwa mchira wawo.
Pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira, zimatha kugona, zomwe zimatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi yozizira, nyama zimachepetsa njira zonse zamagetsi, kupuma, komanso kugunda kwamphamvu. Panthawi yopumula, dormouse yam'munda imatsika mpaka theka la thupi lake.
Amadziwika kuti ndi osaka bwino kwambiri. Amachitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Anthu ogona amatha kupanga mawu omwe amafanana ndi kulira kwa tizilombo. Banja lomwe linapita kokayenda likuwoneka ngati mzere wawung'ono. Amasuntha mwachangu motsatana.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyumba yogona ana
Pambuyo pa kugona kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi yaukwati imayamba. Podzuka, nyama zimakonda kulemba gawo lawo ndikusankha mtundu wawo. Nyengo ya kukwatira imayamba pakati pa Epulo ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Akazi amakonda kukopa amuna ndi mawu apadera, okumbutsa likhweru lobaya.
Amuna, poyankha mawu okweza mtima chonchi, amatulutsa zomwezo ngati kung'ung'udza. Ngati amuna angapo nthawi yomweyo amatenga mkazi m'modzi, amathamangitsana, nthawi zina amatha kuluma. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyumba zogona m'munda zimatha kupanga banja. Zitakwatirana, zazikazi zimathamangitsa amunawo kapena kusiya nyumba yawoyawo.
Mimba imakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu. Ntchito ikafika, mkazi amayamba kufunafuna malo obadwira. Pazifukwa izi, amapanga mink, nthawi zambiri kangapo nthawi imodzi. Mzimayi mmodzi amatulutsa ana atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi nthawi imodzi. Mwana wobadwayo alibe chochita. Ana ndi akhungu, ogontha ndipo alibe ubweya.
Chisamaliro chonse cha mwana chimakhala pamapewa a mayi. Amawasamalira, amawadyetsa mkaka. Akazindikira kuti ana ake ali pachiwopsezo, nthawi yomweyo amawasamutsira pamalo obisalira kuseli kwa khosi.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu kuchokera nthawi yobadwa, anawo amatsegula maso awo. Pambuyo pake, amakula msanga ndikulemera thupi. Patatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera pomwe adabadwa, nyama zazing'ono zimayamba kupeza chakudya chokha ndikudzifunira okha. Ana okulirapo amayenda kokayenda ndikuyenda fayilo limodzi pambuyo pa amayi awo. Mwana woyamba amamatira ubweya wa mayi ndi mano ake. Zoyenda pambuyo pake kapena mano amamatira.
M'chaka chimodzi, mkazi wokhwima pogonana amatulutsa ana awiri kawiri. Atakwanitsa miyezi iwiri, amakhala moyo wakutali. Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wamunthu pansi pazachilengedwe ndi zaka 4.5-6.
Adani achilengedwe a dormouse yam'munda
Chithunzi: Malo ogona a zinyama
Adani achilengedwe a dormouse yam'munda ndi awa:
- martens;
- nkhandwe;
- kadzidzi, nkhwangwa, mphamba;
- agalu oweta ndi amphaka;
- marten ndi ermine.
Opikisana pankhani yazakudya ndi mbewa zotuwa, zomwe zimawononga nyumba zogona ambiri. Mdani wowopsa wa mbewa ndi anthu ndi ntchito zawo. Munthu amawawononga ambiri, mosazindikira komanso mosadziwa. Anthu amapha nyama chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minda ndi minda. Makoswe amadya mbewu, zipatso ndi zipatso za mitengo. Dormouse yamaluwa imasakidwa ndi agalu ndi amphaka, yomwe imasangalatsidwa nayo.
Pali milandu yodziwika yowonongeka kwa nyama kuti ipeze zikopa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngati ubweya wachiwiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala, feteleza omwe si achilengedwe amathandizanso kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya dormouse. Oimira banja logona ali ndi adani ochulukirapo m'malo awo achilengedwe. Oopsa kwambiri ndi anthu, akadzidzi ndi akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga, komanso makoswe otuwa. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi liwiro lothamanga kwambiri, dormouse satha kuthawa nyama zolusa komanso mbalame. Kukhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu kumawapangitsa kukhala nyama zodyedwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Makoswe a dormouse
Posachedwa, kuchuluka kwa nyumba zogona dimba zatsika kwambiri. M'madera ena, mtundu uwu wasowa kwathunthu. Zinyama zidalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo zapatsidwa udindo wa "mitundu yomwe ili pangozi kwambiri". Kutsika kwa chiwerengerochi kumayambitsidwa ndi kuukira kwa mbewa zotuwa, komanso mbalame zodya nyama, nkhalango komanso nyama zodya nyama. Zochita za anthu zimawerengedwa ngati chifukwa chachikulu chowonongera. Kudula mitengo, kudula mitengo yokhala ndi mitengo.
Poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyambirira, malo awo achepetsedwa ndi theka. Munthu amawawononga ambiri chifukwa chakuti amaopseza kwambiri, monga onyamula matenda opatsirana. Chifukwa china chowonongera anthu ambiri ndi kuwononga komwe kumayambitsa nthaka.
Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri amafa ndi chisanu choopsa nthawi yozizira. Kadzidzi, yemwe amakhala ndi moyo wofanana usiku, amakhala owopsa kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Amapita kukasaka mumdima, pomwe dormouse yam'munda imakhala yotanganidwa kwambiri. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Europe. Makamaka Germany, Czech Republic, France. Makoswe amafala ku Belarus.
Chitetezo cham'munda wam'munda
Chithunzi: Garden dormouse kuchokera ku Red Book
Kuteteza kwamtunduwu kumatanthauza kuteteza malo okhala dormouse kuzinthu zomwe anthu amachita. Nyamayo idalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikoletsedwa konse kuwononga nyama pazifukwa zilizonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, palibe njira zapadera zotetezera ndikuwonjezeka kwa anthu zomwe zikukonzedwa kapena kuchitidwa.
Malo ogona m'munda kunja kofanana kwambiri ndi mbewa imvi, yomwe yasintha mtundu wa malaya ake. Nthawi zambiri imafaniziridwa ndi gologolo chifukwa chothamanga komanso kuthekera kwake kudumpha mwachangu panthambi ndikukwera mitengo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 nthawi ya 22:19
