Wokongola mbira ndi ngwazi yamakatuni ambiri ndi nthano. Maonekedwe ake okongola amadziwika kwa ife kuyambira ubwana. Kwa ambiri, amawoneka ngati chotupa chofewa komanso chokoma. M'malo mwake, alibe vuto lililonse ndipo azitha kudzisamalira yekha ndi banja lake la akatumbu.
Ndipo malo okhala baji ndiabwino. Ndi za banja la weasel, badger order, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yolusa. Kukumana ndi baji ndikosowa, ngakhale malo ake ogawa ndiwokwanira, ndipo mawonekedwe a nyama iyi ndi achilendo kwambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Badger
Monga tanenera kale, mbira ndi membala wa banja la marten; ndi za nyama zakutchire. Marten kapena marten amaimira gulu la adani. Banja ili lili ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana - yoposa makumi asanu. Chifukwa chake zimaphatikizapo: ferret, otter, mink, wolverine, marten komanso, badger. Amasinthasintha bwino malo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake amapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Kwa zolusa, ndizapakatikati kwambiri, palinso zazing'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyanasiyana 11 cm (weasel) mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka (sea otter). Thupi nthawi zambiri limakhala lokongola komanso lalitali, ngakhale kulinso ndi oimira akuluakulu (wolverine ndi baji).
Ponena za akatumbu, pali mitundu ingapo ya iwo:
- Mbira yaku Asia;
- Mbira yaku Japan;
- European badger (wamba);
- Mbira yaku America.
Onsewa amasiyana wina ndi mzake osati m'malo awo okha, koma ndi utoto waubweya wawo, zizolowezi zina ndi mawonekedwe akunja. Ku Russia, badger wamba (waku Europe) ali ndi chilolezo chokhalitsa, mawonekedwe ake okongola amadziwika bwino ndi ambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Badger
Kutengera kukula kwa banja lake, mbira ndi yayikulu komanso yayikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kufika mita imodzi. Mchira ndi wautali masentimita 25. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Mbira imawoneka yovuta, chifukwa thupi lake limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amafupika mpaka kumlomo, ndipo amakhala ndi maziko kumbuyo. Amawoneka wopatsa thanzi komanso wolimba, makamaka nthawi yakugwa, akayamba kunenepa, kukonzekera kulowa mgulu la tchuthi. Kulemera kwa baji nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 24, ndipo nyengo yachisanu isanafike imafika makilogalamu 34. Mutu wa badger umatalikirana, makutu ake ndi ang'ono, ozungulira.
M'munsi mwa mchira wa mbira muli ma gland, omwe amakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira komanso lenileni. Amathandiza nyamazo kupeza anthu amtundu wawo ndikupeza chilankhulo chimodzi. Miyendo yaifupi ndi yamphamvu ya akatumbu yokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali imamuthandiza kukumba maenje akuya kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amasandulika mizinda yapansi panthaka. Zinyama zam'mapa zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, chifukwa cha iwo, amatha kuthana ndi chakudya chilichonse chowola, ndikupera nawo ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Kanema: Badger
Pathupi ndi mchira, ubweya wa akatumbu ndiwotalika kwambiri, koma wowinduka ndipo umafanana ndi ziphuphu. Wamfupi komanso wofewa pamapazi komanso kumutu. Pali malaya amkati ofunda komanso ofewa pansi paubweya wautali, wolimba. Mtundu wa malaya amtundu wa badger umachokera imvi mpaka bulauni, ubweya nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira. Pansipa pa akatumbu pali mdima, pafupifupi wakuda. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtundu umatha kusintha, zimadalira malo okhalamo. Mbira wamba ndi yokongola kwambiri komanso yachilendo ndi mitundu yake.
Pamaso oyera oyera, pali mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda, yomwe imachokera pamphuno mpaka m'makutu owoneka bwino. Mikwingwirima imeneyi imakhala ndi maso akumbidzi kakang'ono komanso owala kwambiri omwe amapatsa nyamayo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. M'miyezi yozizira, mtundu wa akatumbu amakhala wopepuka, ndipo nthawi yotentha kumakhala mdima wowala. Nyama zimapitirizabe kusungunuka chilimwe chonse, ndipo pofika ubweya watsopano komanso wokongola umayamba kukula.
Kodi akatumbu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Badger m'nkhalango
Fuko la mbira ndilofala padziko lonse lapansi. Mbira imakhala pafupifupi ku Europe konse kupatula kumpoto kwa Finland ndi Scandinavia, chifukwa dothi limazizira kwambiri m'malo amenewa. Nyamayi idakhazikikanso ku Transcaucasus, mdera la Asia Minor ndi Asia Minor, ku Caucasus. Mbira imakonda madera osiyanasiyana a nkhalango, imatha kukhala kumapiri, komanso m'malo otsetsereka, ngakhale chipululu. Badger amasankha malo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti madera awa samakumana ndi kusefukira kwamadzi, amakhala ouma nthawi zonse.
Bowo lomwe amakonda kwambiri mbira ndi pothawirapo komanso nyumba yabwino, momwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Nyamayo imakonda kumanga nyumba zake m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, m'malo otsetsereka osiyanasiyana.
Mbira yodziwika imakhala yosasinthasintha komanso yosasamala, chifukwa chake dzenje lake limatha kukhala malo opitilira mabanja amodzi, limadutsa mibadwo yotsatira ndi cholowa. Mbira, monga mbuye wolemekezeka wamwamuna, imapatsira mbadwa malo ake akuluakulu, ozama komanso okongoletsa, omwe adasinthidwa ndikuwongoleredwa pazaka zambiri.
Kumalo komwe kulibe kusowa kwa chakudya, mabanja osiyana siyana amatha kukhala limodzi, kulumikiza maenje awo ndi njira zapansi panthaka. Kumapezeka kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba konse, komwe mobisa kamatha kupitirira gawo lalikulu, ndikupanga maufumu apadziko lonse lapansi komwe kumakhala mbalame ndikulamulira. Ma labyrinth apansi panthaka ali ndi mapangidwe angapo okhala ndi zolowera ndi zotuluka zochulukirapo komanso malo osiyanasiyana olowera mpweya wabwino.
M'makonde amdima, mutha kupeza chipinda chochulukirapo chopitilira chimodzi, chomwe chimapangidwa chakuya (mita zisanu kapena kupitilira mobisa), ndiosangalatsa kwambiri, omasuka, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi udzu wouma. Malo okhala zisa awa satha kupezeka ngati madzi. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pali mbira zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala m'mabowola ang'onoang'ono.
Mbira ndi yachuma komanso yaukhondo, nthawi zonse imakhala yosungika m'nyumba mwake, kutaya zinyalala nthawi zonse ndikusintha zinyalala kukhala zatsopano. Amatulutsanso chimbudzi kunja kwa gawo la burrow yake, kapena kupatula chipinda chapadera chapadera. M'mabowo mulinso zipinda zina zofunika banja. Ambiri ayenera kuphunzira kukhala aukhondo ndi kukonda ukhondo ndi kukhala omasuka, monga mbira.
Kodi mbira imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Badger m'chilengedwe
Mbira imagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku, ngati mbewa yovundikira, ngakhale itha kuyamba kusaka mdima usanapite m'mawa. Amatha kutchedwa omnivorous, komabe amakonda chakudya chanyama. Mbira imakonda kudya makoswe ang'onoang'ono, achule, abuluzi. Samanyozanso mbalame, samangodya zokha, komanso mazira ochokera kuzisa. Mbira imakonda kupha nyongolotsi mwa kudya nyongolotsi, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yonse ya tizirombo, mollusks, slugs, ndi nkhono.
Mbira imadya ngakhale njoka zapoizoni, poyizoni wawo siowopsa kwa iye, chifukwa nyama imakhala ndi chitetezo chotsutsana nayo. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, ndiye kuti chilombochi chimatha kukoka akalulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe nawonso amakonda. Mmwande chakudya chake ndi gwero la chakudya. Nthawi zonse amadya zipatso, mtedza, bowa, udzu, kuzula pansi ndikudya mizu yonse. Amakonda kuyendera mbira ndi malo olimidwa omwe ali pafupi ndi komwe amawatumizira. Pakati pazomera zolimidwa, amakonda chimanga ndi nyemba zingapo.
Popita kokayenda usiku, mbira imayenda maulendo ataliatali, kukaona mitengo ikudulidwa ya mitengo posaka nyongolotsi zomwe imakonda komanso tizilombo tina.
Amatha kudzuka achule okwana 70 komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tusiku tomwe. Kwa nthawi ya tsiku ndi tsiku, 500 g yokha ya chakudya ndikokwanira kwa iye. Nthawi yophukira ikayandikira, amadya, kumadya chakudya chochulukirapo, kotero kuti mafuta owonjezera amathandizira kupulumuka kubisala bwino, ndikudziyiwala m'maloto okoma.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Badger
Kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mbira ndi ochezeka. Mbira wamba sizikhala ndi nkhanza konse. Atakumana ndi chilombo chokulirapo, kapena munthu, amayesa kuchoka mu Chingerezi, kubisala mu dzenje lake labwino. Pachimake pa ntchito za akatumbu zimachitika usiku pakusaka. Mwawekha, iye ndiwosokonekera, mungamve kulira kwake kwamphamvu komanso mawu ena oseketsa, muwone kupumula kwake koseketsa komanso koseketsa.
Matumbawa anali osasangalala ndi maso awo - ali nawo ofooka, koma mphuno sinakhumudwitse. Mbira imakhala ndi fungo lakuthwa, kumva kumalandiranso, chifukwa cha izi, imayenda msanga usiku. Kwanenedwa kale kuti katumbu ndi wamakhalidwe abwino, koma ngati simungathe kuthawa wanzeru nthawi yomweyo, amatha kukwiya ndikumuluma, kumumenya ndi mphuno yayitali, ndiyeno pokhapokha ayesetsa kuyesetsa kubisala posachedwa.
Titha kudziwa kuti tili ndi chidaliro kuti khalidwe la mbalameyo ndi bata. Iye mwini sangakhale woyamba kufunsa zovuta. Khalidwe la nyamazi ndi labwino kwambiri. Badger amakonda kukhala osati yekha, koma ndi banja lake. Amakhala moyo wokhazikika, kusanja dzenje lawo, lomwe sadzasiya, pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zomveka. Malo oterewa amakhala ngati nyumba mibadwo yambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pali chakudya ndi madzi okwanira. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti mbira ndi okhawo omwe amabisala m'banja la marten m'nyengo yozizira, monga zimbalangondo zenizeni.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Badger
Mwachibadwa, mbalame zimakhala ndi akazi okhaokha. Atagwirizana awiriawiri, amatha kukhala limodzi kuyambira zaka zingapo mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku awo. Mkazi amakula msinkhu wazaka ziwiri, ndipo wamwamuna amakhala pafupi zaka zitatu. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi yoswana imachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ku badger ku Europe, nyengo yokhwima imakhala kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja mpaka Seputembara. Mbali yosangalatsa ya nyamazi imadziwika kuti ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri yobereka. Itha kukhala miyezi 9-14, zimatengera nthawi ya umuna.
Nthawi, pamapeto pake, nthawi yovutayi yachikazi imatha, kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 matumbuwa amabadwa. M'dziko lathu, izi zimachitika kuyambira Marichi mpaka Epulo. Tinyuwa ting'onoting'ono sitimasinthidwa kukhala amoyo - ali akhungu mwamtheradi ndipo samva kalikonse. Pakangotha mwezi umodzi ndi theka, makutu awo amayambanso kumva bwino, ndipo amayamba kuwona. Mpaka pafupifupi miyezi itatu zakubadwa, amayamwa mkaka kuchokera kwa amayi awo.
Pasanapite nthawi, ana okhwimawo anayamba kutuluka mumanda awo n'kuyamba kudya okha. Ma badger ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kukula kwawo kumakhala kofanana ndi nyama zazikulu. Pakugwa m'dzinja, mbira iliyonse imayamba moyo wawo watsopano. M'makhalidwe achilengedwe, mbira imakhala zaka 10 mpaka 12, ndipo mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 16.
Adani achilengedwe a mbira
Chithunzi: Badger
Mbira imakhala mwakachetechete komanso mwamtendere, chifukwa chake ilibe mdani kuthengo. Ma lynx a njala, mimbulu, zimbalangondo zosowa nthawi zambiri zimatha kubweretsa chiwopsezo ku nyama. Nthawi zina amakumana ndi nkhandwe ndi agalu amisala. Nthawi zambiri, agalu wamba osochera amatha kumuopseza.
Mdani wamkulu wa iye ndi munthu. Mabanja ambiri a mbira amafa munthu akasintha malo achilengedwe akumalo omwe amakhala. Komanso, anthu amatha kupha mbira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu zawo, ngakhale sizofunika kwenikweni. Mafuta a Badger ndi othandiza kwambiri pamankhwala, chifukwa chomwe amasaka ma baad. Pakati pake, maenje a mbira nthawi zambiri amawonongeka, ndipo izi zimabweretsa kufa kwa nyama imodzi, koma, nthawi zambiri, mabanja angapo.
Mwachidule, mutha kulembetsa mndandanda wa adani a badger:
- mimbulu;
- lynx;
- nkhandwe;
- galu wa raccoon;
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira;
- galu wamba;
- munthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Badger m'nkhalango
Chiwerengero cha mbira pakadali pano sichikuwopsezedwa. Amafalikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Palibe zowopsa pakukhalapo kwawo lero. Ngakhale badger idalembedwa mu Red Book, ilipo ngati mtundu womwe suli pachiwopsezo chotheratu padziko lapansi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti amapezeka paliponse, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyama izi ndikosakhazikika, palibe kudumpha kwakuthwa komwe kumatsikira kuchepa komwe kudawonedwa. Ngakhale m'malo omwe kulimidwa moyenera, ziweto zatsika kwambiri.
Ubweya wa nyama izi siwofunika kwenikweni kwa anthu, chifukwa ndi wamwano kwambiri. Maburashi openta amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Koma ndi cholinga chopeza mafuta a baji, kuwonongedwa ndi kusaka nyama mbira m'malo ena zikuchitika. Komabe, palibe vuto lililonse lodana ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwerengero.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti nyama yosangalatsa ngati mbira imatha kukhala chifukwa cha otembenuka osatopa amtundu wa nyama zamtchire. Mizinda ikuluikulu yomwe mbira zimakonza zimakhudza kwambiri nthaka ndi onse okhalamo. M'malo momwe limakhalira mbira, ngakhale mitundu yatsopano yazomera ingabuke yomwe sinakulepo m'mbuyomo. Mabowo opanda mbewa amakhala ngati pogona komanso nyumba yabwino ya nyama zina. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu sangakhale wopanda chidwi ndi nyama yosangalatsayi, yomwe mawonekedwe ake amabweretsa kumwetulira, chisangalalo komanso kukoma mtima.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 16.09.2019 nthawi ya 17:08
