Kamchatka alirezaGologolo wa ku Arctic, Gologolo wa ku Beringian, gologolo wam'munsi wa ku America, Gologolo wa ku Arctic - onsewa ndi mayina a euraska, kapena evrashka, cholengedwa chokongola chomwe chimakhala ku Kamchatka Peninsula ndi Far East ku Russia, komanso ku Alaska ndi Canada. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya agologolo agulu, omwe saopa anthu ndipo samangokhala kuthengo kokha, komanso m'midzi yaying'ono.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Evrazhka
Gologolo wa ku Arctic (lat. Citellus parryi) ndi mbewa yamtundu wa agologolo, a mtundu wa agologolo apansi, omwe amapezeka ku steppe, meadow ndi tundra madera a Northern Hemisphere, pafupi ndi Arctic Circle. Pokhala m'modzi woyimilira wamkulu wamtunduwu, anthu am'chigwacho amakula kukula momwe amafalikira - kumpoto kwa malo okhalamo, ndikukula kwa gopher.
Zidole kapena zaphompho, mwachiwonekere, adazitcha mayina chifukwa chofuna kubisala m'zigwa ndi zigwa, komanso kukumba maenje kumeneko. Komabe, nzika za Kamchatka Peninsula, zomwe zimawatcha choncho, sizipereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha dzina lanyama izi - zasowa kwazaka zambiri. Izi ndi nyama zazikulu zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi mphuno yofuna kudziwa, zomwe zimafanana ndi agologolo amitundu yonse omwe amakonda kuyendera malo awo, otambalala mpaka kutalika kwaudzu.
Amakhala ochezeka kwambiri kwa anthu ndipo amadya mmanja. Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zodziwikiratu zodziwira zaka zakubadwa za nyama - okalamba amalowa m'masaya awo ndikuthawira kukasunga, ndipo achichepere amadya zonse pomwepo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Eurasia
Gologolo wa ku Arctic, kapena euraska, amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 25-32, zikafika ku Chukchi, ndipo anthu aku Alaska ndi okulirapo - amatha kufikira masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mchira wa nyama izi ndi wopitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka masentimita 14 mwa anthu akulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwa nyama izi kumafikira pafupifupi magalamu 800.
Ubweya wa nyama iyi pamimba ndi pamiyendo ndiwofiira, ocher. Dorsum ndi mchira wa euraska ndi zakuda, zofiirira-zofiirira muutoto, zokutidwa ndi madontho akulu, zopepuka kuposa mthunzi waukulu. Mutu wake waphimbidwa ndi ubweya wakuda kwambiri, womwe uli pafupi ndi bulauni. Mchira ulinso ndi mawanga akuda, ofotokozedwa ndi mphonje yakuda yozungulira. Mwa atsikana achichepere aku Eurasia, ubweya uli ndi yunifolomu yowoneka bwino, yopanda mawonekedwe owala pang'ono, yopanda mawanga kapena mdima.
Monga mitundu yonseyo, agologolo a ku Beringian amasintha khungu lawo nyengo yachilimwe ndi nyengo yachisanu. Mtundu wachisanu wa euraska ndi wopepuka kuposa nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo umakhala ndi imvi. Monga oimira onse amtundu wa gopher, gopher waku America ndi nyama yochenjera kwambiri, motero amakhala ndi maso akuthwa kwambiri komanso kumva. Amawona ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira patali, kuphatikiza mbalame zodya nyama, ndipo amayenda pang'onopang'ono atabisala mu una.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, azimayi aku Europe amayankha mwachangu ndendende pakusunthika kwadzidzidzi - mwina sangazindikire cholengedwa chokwawa pang'onopang'ono kapena choyenera.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosiyanasiyananso za gopher ndi agologolo ena apadziko ndi achilendo, mosiyana ndi agologolo ena, mawonekedwe amasaya ndi masaya. Amalola nyamazi kutulutsa mluzu zazitali mosiyanasiyana m'miyambo yosiyanasiyana - kuyambira 2 mpaka 10 kilohertz. Komanso, atsikana aku Europe ali ndi njira zapadera zosinthira kutentha ndi njira yosungira mafuta, kuwalola kupulumuka kuzizira koopsa nthawi yakubisala. Kutentha kwa thupi pazilombozi kumachepa limodzi ndi kutentha kozungulira, kuphatikiza kutsikira pansi pa zero.
Kodi mkazi waku Europe amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Evrazhka ku Kamchatka
Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, gologolo wa ku Arctic amakhala kumadera oyandikana ndi Arctic Circle mpaka kugundana kwanyanja komwe, komwe kumalepheretsa nyamazi kukumba maenje. Malo okhalamo amapitilira ku steppe, meadow ndi madera akuluakulu a Eurasia ndi North America, omwe ali pamtunda wosapitilira kilomita imodzi ndi theka pamwamba pa nyanja.
M'madera a Russia, malo okhala ndi awa:
- Mtsinje wa Yana.
- Chilumba cha Ayon.
- Mtsinje wa Indigirka.
- Malo okwera a Kolyma.
- Mzinda wa Verkhoyansk Upland.
- Chilumba cha Chukotka.
- Chilumba cha Kamchatka.
- Gombe lamanja la Mtsinje wa Kolyma, Kolyma, mpaka pofika kunyanja
Ku North America, agologolo a ku Beringian amakhala kumpoto kwa Alaska, British Columbia ndi Canada. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kudayamba kufalikira chifukwa chakupezeka kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera - anthu aku Europe adayamba kusunthira pafupi ndi misewu yayikulu komanso midzi yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo awo. Pakadali pano, amapezeka ngakhale m'mizinda yayikulu.
Gologolo wa ku America, monga abale ake onse, ndi nyama ya mink. Ma burrows awa nthawi zambiri amapezeka akuya masentimita 30 mpaka 300 ndipo amakhala kutalika mamita 15. Kuzama ndi kutalika kwa maenjewo kumachepa kutengera kufewa kwa nthaka komanso malo omwe amayandikira malo oundanawo, pomwe kukula kwa zolengedwa, m'malo mwake, kumakulirakulira.
Mtundu uwu umasiyanitsidwanso ndi abale onse ndi mawonekedwe apadera a burrows. Mwa agologolo onse apansi, ma gopher okha samakumba malo otchingidwa ndi zipinda zogona - yopingasa ndi yokwanira kwa iwo, momwe zimakhala zosavuta kubisala pakagwa ngozi.
Amadya chiyani mayi waku Europe?
Chithunzi: Animal Eurasian ku Russia
Amayi aku Eurasia ndi omnivores, koma chakudya chawo chachikulu chimadalira komwe amakhala. Zomera, kuphatikizapo mbewa ndi ndere, zimakonda kudya agwape ndi agwere a ku Beringian omwe amakhala m'malo otentha, pomwe permafrost imayandikira, chakudya cha nyama chimakhala chachikulu - tizilombo, mbozi komanso nyama zowola.
Zosintha pazakudya zimagwiranso ntchito nyengo - nthawi yogwira yotentha, imadya masamba obiriwira pamwamba ndi tizilombo, koma pafupi ndi nyengo yachisanu, isanagwere, imasunthira kumizu ndi zipatso zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka. Pakadali pano, nthawi zambiri amadya lingonberries ndi mabulosi abulu, komanso bowa ndi tchire lobiriwira.
Komanso agologolo agulu ku Arctic ndi othandiza kwambiri ndipo, monga abale awo, amapereka zinthu. Izi zimachitika mu theka lachiwiri la nyengo yachilimwe, ndipo zomera zowuma, komanso zipatso za zitsamba, zimapita kukasungidwa.
Mwa zina, zolengedwa izi nthawi zambiri zimafunafuna chakudya m'nyumba za anthu ngati zimakhala pafupi. Zikatero, atsikana amadya nyenyeswa zomwe zimapezeka m'malo omwe amatayira zinyalala, ndipo zinthu zophika buledi ndi chimanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chosungidwa. Milandu yakudya anzawo (kudya mtundu wawo) yawonanso mwa omwe amakhala pafupi ndi anthu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Evrazhka
M'malo awo achilengedwe, atsikana aku Eurasia ndi osamala kwambiri, koma okangalika, komanso zolengedwa. Amakhala ochezeka kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo amanyazi kwambiri, ndipo phokoso laling'ono kwambiri kapena kusuntha kwadzidzidzi kumatha kupangitsa nyamayo kutha kwenikweni. Nthawi yomweyo, limodzi ndikubwerera mwachangu mdzenje, chinyama chimatulutsa likhweru lakuthwa, ndikudziwitsa abale ake. Akuimbira mluzu wina ndi mnzake ndipo atabisala nthawi yomweyo, amatha kuyendetsa chilombocho kumalo osayanjanitsika ndi nyamazo.
Komabe, chenjezo lawo silimanyalanyaza kuti alibe chidwi ndi phokoso lakachetechete komanso kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimagawana malo awo okhala, komanso anthu omwe agwira nyama izi, zomwe ndi tizirombo pafupi ndi mbewu ndi minda yamasamba.
Nthawi yogwirira agologolo agulu ku America imayamba pafupifupi 5 koloko m'mawa ndipo imatha pafupifupi maola 19 mpaka 20, kutsika masana. Pachimake pantchito zanyengo zimachitika pakati chilimwe, pomwe achinyamata amakhala.
Chofunika kwambiri pamoyo wama gopher, komanso mitundu ina ya agologolo agulu, ndi nthawi yozizira, yomwe imatha pafupifupi miyezi 7-8. Imayamba mu Ogasiti-Seputembala ndipo imatha mu Epulo-Meyi. Komabe, pakhala zochitika za eurasses kutentha kwa -40 madigiri. Monga lamulo, kugona kumachitika limodzi ndi kugwa kwa matalala ndi kuyamba kwa kutentha kotsika kapena koyipa. Pakadali pano, kutentha m'chipinda cha kukaikira mazira kwa burrow kumatha kutsikiranso kuzabwino: mpaka -5 madigiri. Kutentha kwa thupi kwa nyama zokha munthawi zotere kumazolowera kusintha kwakunja, ndikutsikira mpaka -10 madigiri.
Kugona m'nyengo yachisanu kumatha chisanu chisanasungunuke, ndipo ndi kwakanthawi kochepa kuchokera kutulo komwe nyama izi zimapereka chakudya. Ngakhale zimabisala pafupifupi nthawi imodzi, amuna akulu ndi oyamba kubwera kumtunda, kutsatira akazi, kenako achichepere omwe afika zaka chimodzi. Kusiyana kwa nthawi kumakhala pafupifupi sabata, koma nthawi zina kumapita mpaka awiri.
Ali mu ukapolo, atsikana aku Eurasian, komanso ena omwe akuyimira mitundu yawo, amachita modzipereka komanso molimba mtima, osathawa akuwona zinthu zomwe zikuyenda bwino ndikuimba mluzu osonyeza mantha, monga chilengedwe, koma kusintha kwa malo. Kuphatikiza apo, mu ukapolo, gophers amasungidwa makamaka m'makola akulu, momwe amatha kukumba maenje. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuzisunga ngati ziweto, kupatula apo, chinyama chokha sichingakhale chosangalala ndi malo otsekedwa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Evrazhka
Atsikana aku Eurasia amakhala ochezeka kwambiri ndipo amakhala m'magulu akulu - magulu mpaka anthu 50 kukula. Dera la koloni limatha kufikira mahekitala 6-7, ndipo amuna akulu kwambiri amalamulira m'derali, pomwe anthu amakhala m'mitundu iwiri kapena osakhazikika. Kuyanjana mwankhanza kumachitika kawirikawiri pakati pa mamembala am'magulu - makamaka ma gopher amakhala ochezeka wina ndi mnzake ndipo amakhala ochepa pamasewera. Masewerawa, monga lamulo, amathandizira kufalikira kwa anthu m'derali, omwe amapezeka mwa anthu okhwima mwauzimu.
Njira yayikulu yolumikizirana m'dera lawo pakati pa anthu aku Europe ndi mluzu wautali komanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana - kuyambira kudina mpaka malikhweru. Chizindikiro cha zoopsa kwa omwe akutuluka, mwachitsanzo, ndi mluzu wakuthwa, pomwe mluzu wocheperako komanso wotalikirapo umaperekedwa ndi wamwamuna yemwe adagonjetsa mnzake wamwamuna pamasewera kapena kutsutsana kwa mkazi.
Nthawi yokomera azimayi aku Eurasia imayamba kamodzi pachaka, azimayi atangodzuka kutulo, ndipo amakhala pafupifupi masiku 10. Mwa anthu akumadera akumpoto kwambiri, imadutsa ngakhale m'mabowo, ngakhale isanafike pamwamba. Zinyalala zimachitika chakumapeto kwa Meyi ndipo zimaphatikizira kuyambira pakati pa 5 mpaka 10 ng'ombe (zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi 14), zomwe zimatha kufikira pamwamba kumapeto kwa Juni.
Nthawi yomweyo, kuzungulira pakati pa Julayi, anthu azaka chimodzi amayamba kufalikira. Anthu azaka chimodzi amawerengedwa kuti ndi achikulire pakati pa akazi ku Eurasia, ndipo msinkhu wa kubereka umagwera azaka ziwiri komanso azaka zitatu. Kenako pakubwera nthawi yosunga chakudya ndikukonzekera kutentha.
Adani achilengedwe a evrazhka
Chithunzi: Evrazhka nyama
Adani achilengedwe a agologolo a ku Arctic onse ndi odyetsa omwe ali ndi malo ofanana. Mndandanda wa izi umayamba ndi mbalame zamitundumitundu, kuphatikiza oyimira mbalame zodya usiku, ndipo zimathera ndi zolusa zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lapansi, kuphatikiza zazikulu.
Adani akulu a evrazhek ndi awa:
- Kadzidzi;
- Gyrfalcon;
- Ziwombankhanga;
- Skuas;
- Agalu;
- Nkhandwe;
- Mimbulu;
- Wolverine.
Ena mwa adani odabwitsa awa a gopher ndi ma gulls, omwe, modabwitsa, nthawi zina amawadyetsa, ndipo amanyamula. Kwa iwo, zimbalangondo mwina ndizowopsa kuposa zonse - mosiyana ndi ziwopsezo zina zachilengedwe, ngakhale maenje akuya sangathe kuwapulumutsa kwa iwo. Chimbalangondo chimatha kukumba pansi pofunafuna eurashka, ndikupeza kanyama kakang'ono.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Evrazhka m'nyengo yozizira
Kuchuluka kwa mikate ya ginger pakadali pano ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo ikungochulukirachulukira - m'mayendedwe otentha kwambiri okhala nyama izi, ma burrows amafikira 600-700 pa hekitala, ndi avareji ya 140 mpaka 200 mwa iwo omwe akukhalamo. anthu m'dera lomwelo.
M'mikhalidwe yosavomerezeka, kuchuluka kwa agologolo a ku Arctic amabowola pa hekitala pafupifupi 12-15, ndipo onse amakhala. Pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, zinthu ndizosiyana pang'ono - anthu ali pamitu ya 30 mpaka 50 yokhala ndi maenje ambiri. Mwambiri, palibenso chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza nyama izi, popeza kuwerengera ziweto ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo muyenera kudalira ziwerengero zochepa zomwe zimawululidwa ndikuwona ndikuwona.
Agologolo agulu aku America kapena ku Beringian sali pamndandanda uliwonse wazosunga ndipo sizowoneka kawirikawiri. M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kumakula ndikuchulukitsa malo ake, mopanda mantha kukhazikika pafupi ndi misewu ndi nyumba za anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, agologolo a ku Arctic ndi gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe m'malo awo, amatenga nawo gawo pogawa mbewu za mbewu ndi kukonzanso nthaka panthawiyi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka komwe kumadzala ma agrocenoses (nthaka yolimidwa), kukula kwa tirigu ndi mbewu zambewu kumakula.
Chiyambireni kukula kwa madera omwe kumakhala atsikana aku Europe, komanso kutha kwa nthawi yosaka ubweya, nyama izi sizimawonongedwa dala ndi anthu. Komabe, nzika zam'madera amenewa zidakali ndi chizolowezi chotola zikopa zopangira zovala zotentha. Nthawi zina, sawomberedwa, amawombera kuti awononge chakudya, makamaka kuwononga dzinthu.
Zovuta, kapena Gologolo wa ku Beringian ndi cholengedwa chosavulaza komanso choseketsa, wochezeka kwambiri komanso wamanyazi m'malo ake achilengedwe, kumayandikira munthu chifukwa cha chidwi komanso kuthawa chizindikiro changozi chabe. Chidwi cha nyama zamtunduwu, monga lamulo, zimabweretsa chikhumbo chodyetsa, zomwe zimathera ndikuwopa kwathunthu gwero la chakudya ndikuwonekera mwadongosolo kwa anthu onse ozungulira atsikana aku Eurasian pomwe chakudya chimatha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/16/2019 pa 21:07
