Nkhandwe Ndi nyama yolusa yochokera munthawi ya ma canids. Tsopano akukhulupirira kuti nkhandwe yotereyi ndi yoyimira yapadera komanso yosangalatsa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo. Nkhandwe yamamuna imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe zofiira ndi miyendo yopyapyala komanso yayitali kwambiri. Amadziwikanso kuti guara, maned wolf, aguarachay, omwe potanthauzira kuchokera ku Greek kupita ku Russian amatanthauza "galu wokhala ndi mchira wawufupi wagolide."
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Kuphatikiza pa kuti pali kufanana kwakukulu pakati pa nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe yamwamuna, zilibe kufanana kwina kulikonse. Sali abale apachibale. Asayansi adanena kuti mwina, mizu yake imachokera ku mayini akale aku South America, omwe amakhala nthawi ya Pleistocene (adatha zaka 11.8 zikwi zapitazo).
Kanema: Maned Wolf
Monga tanena kale, aguarachay amachokera ku banja la canine, lomwe limagwirizanitsa zolusa zazikulu zazikulu kapena zazing'ono. Kwenikweni, kutalika kwa thupi pakuyimira mtunduwu kumafika masentimita 170. Ubweya wakuda, mchira wautali, zikhadabo zofatsa, makutu owongoka, mutu wautali ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wawo. Komanso, ali ndi zala 5 kumapazi awo akutsogolo, koma anayi okha kumapazi akumbuyo. Mtundu wa malayawo ukhoza kukhala wamitundumitundu: wofiira, wamawangamawanga, wakuda, wakuda, wotuwa, wopepuka, ndi zina zambiri. Amakhala ndi chidziwitso chakumva bwino, kumva, kuwona. Itha kuthamanga pa liwiro la 60 - 70 km / h.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe
Zimasiyana ndi abale ake chifukwa zimawoneka ngati nkhandwe. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yowonda kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala kochepa (pafupifupi masentimita 140), kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 25 kg. Ali ndi mano 42, monga mimbulu yonse. Mtundu wa malaya ambiri: ofiira, ofiira-achikasu. Pali tsitsi lalitali pakati kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi. Mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wakuda kapena wakuda. Miyendo yakumunsi ndi yakuda. Mphuno ndi yayitali komanso yamdima wakuda.
Mchira wautali wautali nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira. Chovalacho ndi chofewa kwambiri kuposa cha agalu wamba. Makutuwo ndi owongoka komanso akulu, ndipo maso ndi ang'ono ndi ana ozungulira. Chiwerengero cha nkhandweyi sichilingana kwambiri. Lingaliro la kununkhira kosiyanasiyana ndikumva ku guara kumapangidwa bwino, koma masomphenya ndi oyipa pang'ono.
Peculiarity wake ndi wautali ndi miyendo wochepa. Amathandizira kuyenda m'malo okhala ndi udzu wautali kwambiri. Malinga ndi asayansi, miyendo pakupanga chisinthiko idakhala yayitali nyama zikazolowera malo awo atsopanowo.
Koma kuthamanga kwa guar sikungadzitamande. Mukufunsa chifukwa chiyani, chifukwa ali ndi miyendo yayitali chonchi? Cholinga chake ndikuti mphamvu yamapapo ndiyochepa kwambiri, yomwe imalepheretsa chiweto kuthamanga kwambiri. Kutalika kwa moyo wa guar pafupifupi zaka 17, koma mu ukapolo, nyamayo imatha kufa ngakhale itakwanitsa zaka 12. Komabe, pali milandu yomwe imatha kukhala zaka 15.
Kodi nkhandwe yamunthu imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yamphongo
Nkhandwe yamphongo imapezeka m'maiko aku South America, m'boma la Mato Gosu, Northern Paraguay, m'chigawo chapakati ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, ndi kum'mawa kwa Bolivia. Kale zinali zofala ku Argentina. Nkhandwe yamamuna imasinthidwa bwino kukhala nyengo yotentha. Mimbulu yamtunduwu sikukhala kumapiri.
Malo omwe nyama imakhalako kapena amapezeka:
- Mphepete mwa nkhalango;
- Malo okhala ndi udzu wamtali kapena tchire;
- Pampas;
- Malo apansi;
- Mphepete mwa madambo, omwe amadzaza ndi zomera.
Kodi nkhandwe yamwamuna imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Momwe mmbulu wamunthu umawonekera
Panjira yakudya chakudya, nkhandwe yamamuna ndi yopatsa chidwi. Mawu oti "omnivorous" amatanthauza "kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana." Kuchokera apa titha kunena kuti nyama zomwe zili ndi mtundu uwu wazakudya zimatha kudya osati zochokera kuzomera zokha, komanso nyama, komanso nyama zakufa (zotsalira zakufa za nyama kapena zomera). Izi zili ndi zabwino zake, chifukwa nyama zotere sizimatha kufa ndi njala, chifukwa azidzipezera chakudya kulikonse.
Maziko a nkhandwe ndi chakudya cha nyama ndi zomera. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi nyama zazing'ono monga akangaude, nkhono, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, hares, makoswe, mbalame ndi mazira awo, armadillos, ndi makoswe. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwononga ziweto (mwanawankhosa, nkhuku, nkhumba). Sipanakhalepo kuukiridwa kulikonse pa anthu. Komanso amakonda kudya zipatso zosiyanasiyana zokoma, nthochi, mizu yazomera kapena ma tubers, gwava, chakudya chomera, masamba. Nthochi ndi zipatso zomwe amakonda. Amatha kudya nthochi zoposa kilogalamu 1.5 tsiku limodzi!
Ngati pali mtsinje pafupi, nkhandwe imatha kugwira nsomba zosiyanasiyana komanso zokwawa. Sakonda kugawana chakudya. Nkhandwe yamphongo sidya yovunda, mosiyana ndi zina zonse. Gawo lofunikira la nkhandwe ndi chomera chimodzi kuchokera ku mtundu wa nightshade, womwe umathandiza kuwononga nyongolotsi yayikulu yamatumbo m'matumbo a nyama, yotchedwa mulu. Amadziwika kuti nyongolotsi zazikulu zotere zimatha kutalika mamita 2. Ndi nyama zowopsa.
Asanagwire nyama, mmbuluwo umayikankhira pakona, kapena kugogoda zala zake kenako ndikuiukira mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi zambiri, ngati amakhala pafupi ndi minda, amaba chakudya. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti minofu ya mkamwa mwake siyotukuka mokwanira, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amameza nyama yonse. Kuchokera apa titha kunena chifukwa chake nkhandwe yamamuna simasaka nyama zambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Aguarachay
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhandwe yamunthu sizinaphunzire mokwanira ndi asayansi. Koma zina mwazo ndi zolondola. M'malingaliro a anthu ambiri, nkhandwe ndi chilombo choyipa kwambiri. Koma zenizeni, izi sizikhala zoona nthawi zonse. Khalidwe la nkhandwe ndi lamtendere, loyenera, losamala. Samaukira anthu, koma m'malo mwake amayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuti asakope maso awo. Makhalidwe a nkhandwe amatsata - zanzeru, zonyenga. Khalidwe ili limawonekera makamaka pomwe nkhandwe ibera alimi munda wawo.
Ndipo chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri ndi kukhulupirika. Nkhandwe imakhala ndi mkazi m'modzi m'modzi moyo wake wonse. Komanso, amakonda kudziyimira pawokha. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti iwo sali m'mapaketi, chifukwa chifuniro ndi chawo choyamba. Nyama ikakhala yaukali kapena yankhanza, mane akuyendetsa khosi lake amaimirira. Zimapatsa nyamayo chiwonetsero chowopsa kwambiri.
Moyo wa mimbulu yamunthu ndiwosangalatsa - masana akugona, kupumula, kutentha padzuwa, kusewera, ndipo madzulo kapena usiku amapita kukasaka. Amakhala okha, sakhala m'mapaketi. Zochita zazimuna ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zachikazi.
Amuna ndi akazi amasaka kapena kupumula mosiyana. Nthawi yokhwima yokha ndi pomwe amakhala nthawi yayitali limodzi. Mimbulu yolusa nthawi zambiri imalankhulana pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ena.
Nawa ochepa mwa iwo:
- Kukuwa kwam'mero mokweza - kumawonetsa kulowa kwa dzuwa;
- Lirani mofuula - kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake pamtunda wautali;
- Kukhazikika pang'ono - kuwopseza adani;
- Kufufuma - chenjezo la ngozi;
- Kulira limodzi - muziyankhulana pafupipafupi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mimbulu yoluka
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mimbulu yamphongo imakhala ndi mkazi m'modzi yekha m'moyo wawo wonse, mosiyana ndi nyama zina. Awiriwa amakhala mdera lamakilomita pafupifupi 30 okha, omwe ena sangawayandikire. Kuti adziwe gawo lawo, amalemba ndi mkodzo wawo kapena ndowe zazing'ono m'malo ena. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ndi mimbulu yokha yomwe imamvetsetsa kununkhira koteroko. Munthu sangamvetsetse izi m'moyo wake.
M'chaka chimodzi, mimbulu yamamuna imakwanitsa msinkhu wogonana, koma m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu amawerengedwa kuti ali okonzeka kale kupanga banja lawo. Nthawi yamasewera okhathamira, kubereketsa kumagwera pakati nthawi yophukira, koyambirira kwachisanu. Kutentha mwa akazi kumatenga kuyambira Epulo mpaka koyambirira kwa Juni, ndipo kutenga pakati kumatha miyezi iwiri (masiku 63). Nthawi zambiri, ana agalu awiri kapena asanu ndi mmodzi amabadwa (monga mimbulu yomwe yangobadwa kumene).
Ana obadwa kumene amabadwa ang'ono kwambiri, okhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 200 mpaka 400. Thupi lawo limakhala lakuda kapena lakuda ndi mtundu wa mchira wawung'ono. Kwa masiku naini oyambirira, sakutha kuona chilichonse. Pakadutsa mwezi, makutu awo amakhala atapangika kwathunthu, mtundu wofiirira wa thupi umawonekera limodzi ndi malaya amoto osalala, ndipo mano amadulidwa. Mpaka zaka zitatu, mayi amadyetsa ana ake mkaka, ndi chakudya chofewa, chomwe amayamba kutafuna kenako amalavulira.
Mmbulu ndi nkhandwe zonse zikugwira ntchito yolera ana awo. Wamwamuna amathandizira amayi polera ndi kusamalira banja. Amalandira chakudya, amawopseza adani kwa ana, amawaphunzitsa malamulo achilengedwe ndikusewera nawo pamasewera osiyanasiyana.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe
Chithunzi: Guara
Asayansi sanathe kuzindikira adani enieni a mmbulu weniweni. Ambiri mwina sali, chifukwa ndi ochezeka ndipo amayesetsa kuti asawonedwe ndi zilombo zazikulu. Koma ali otsimikiza mosakayika kuti munthu ndi zochita zake zoyipa ndiye mdani wake wamkulu. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu safuna ubweya kapena nyama ya chinyama ichi, zifukwa ndizakuya. Nawa ena mwa iwo:
- Alimi amapha nkhandwe chifukwa imaba ziweto zawo;
- Anthu ena aku Africa amagwiritsa ntchito khungu ndi maso ake ngati chithumwa chothandizira;
- Kupha;
- Kusowa chakudya, kutopa, matenda;
- Anthu amadula mitengo, amadetsa madzi ndi mpweya, ndikutenga madera awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Maned ku Red Book
Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe yamphongo chakhala chotsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pali anthu osapitirira zikwi khumi padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo ku Brazil alipo pafupifupi 2,000 okha. Udindo wa nkhandwe yamphongo umaphatikizidwa mu International Red Book ngati "nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo." Ngakhale zaka 2 zapitazo, inali nkhandwe yotchuka kwambiri kumadera a Uruguay.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mimbulu yolusa imatha kugwidwa ndi matenda monga miliri ndi enanso oopsa. Ndiwo omwe amawopseza moyo wa nyama izi.
Kuteteza Nkhandwe
Chithunzi: Guara Wolf
Brazil ndi Argentina akhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kusaka kwa nkhandwe. Ngakhale anthu ambiri akupitiliza kuwononga moyo wake. Mu 1978, asayansi adayamba kuchita kafukufuku kuti amvetsetse ngati zingatheke kuteteza kutha kwadzidzidzi kwa nyamayi.
Komanso magulu omenyera moyo wa nyama amathandiza nyama m'njira iliyonse: chakudya, chithandizo. Mmbulu wamamuna amatha kuwona kumalo osungira nyama ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale m'nyumba za anthu. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti amatha kusambitsidwa. Apa ndiotetezeka kwa iye, komabe, nyama iliyonse ikhoza kukhala bwino kuthengo. Komanso, mimbulu imakonda kudziyimira pawokha. Zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo Mimbulu yolusa sanalinso pachiwopsezo.
Mwachidule, ndikufuna kunena kuti tiyenera kusamalira zachilengedwe zamtundu wathu. Nyama zambiri zimasowa ndendende chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe anthu amachita. Mosazengereza, amawononga malo awo, kupha, kuipitsa madzi. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kukhala olemekeza abale athu achichepere osalowerera m'miyoyo yawo, apo ayi dziko lonse lapansi lidzafa. Tiyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti m'chilengedwe chilichonse chimalumikizidwa, osati chokha nkhandwe, koma mwala uliwonse umakhala ndi tanthauzo lake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.01.2019
Idasinthidwa: 17.09.2019 pa 16:28
